Prevalence Of Vaginal Discharge Research Articles

ABNORMAL VAGINAL DISCHARGE IN REPRODUCTIVE AGE GROUP WOMEN WITH SPECIAL IMPLICATION TO ANTIFUNGAL SUSCEPTIBILITY OF CANDIDA SPECIES

Introduction And Background: Vaginal discharge is a common complaint in reproductive age group women2. Vaginal discharge is one of the common reasons in women of reproductive age group seeking gynecological consultation. It is the second most common clinical problem after menstrual disorders. Globally, it is estimated that one in ten women will present with vaginal discharge in the course of one year and approximately, ten million office visits each year are attributed to vaginal discharge complaints. The prevalence of vaginal discharge in India is estimated to be 30%3. Ÿ Abnormal vaginal discharge predisposes to significant morbidity to the women in the form of pelvic inflammatory disease, infertility, endometriosis, cuff cellulitis, urethral syndrome, pregnancy loss, and preterm labour.5 Ÿ Certain conditions such as prolonged use of combined oral contraceptive, pregnancy, malnutrition, diabetes, neutropenia, prolonged antibiotic therapy, candida become pathogenic and causes candidiasis.8 Ÿ Isolation, identification, characterization, and susceptibility of candida species became critical management of fungal infections.9 Need For The Study: The study was done to emphasize the role of laboratory investigations in patients with vaginitis, as presumptive clinical diagnosis alone can lead to false interpretation and treatment mismanagement. TheMethods: present study is a cross sectional observational study conducted from January 2019 to February 2020 for about a period of one year among 300 women aged 15-49 years with vaginal discharge attending gynecology OPD, Government Maternity Hospital, Tirupati. This study included 300 subjects with a mean age of 30.4 ± 7.26 years. Nearly halfResults: of (49.33%) our study population was aged between 25 to 34years, a majority (47%) of women had bacterial vaginosis, followed by Candida in 39.33%, trichomonas vaginalis in 14.33%, mixed infections in 6.67% and 6% with no organisms. Among Candida species, 48.31% of participants had candida albicans, 23.73% had candida tropicalis, 19.49% had candida krusei, and 8.47% had candida glabrata, and of them 38.33% participants had voriconazole sensitivity, 32.33% participants had ketoconazole sensitivity, 26% participants had clotrimazole sensitivity, and 21.33% participants had fluconazole sensitivity. Among 118 candida infected 106 (89.83%) participants came for follow-up, of which symptoms subsided in 90 (84.91%) participants. In conclusion, our study with 300 women patients complaining ofConclusion: vaginal discharge found a majority of them belonging to the sexually active age group. Vaginal discharge was more prevalent in lower economic status and rural areas. Bacterial vaginosis was the most common and frequent etiology, followed by Candida. TV was the least common etiology for vaginal discharge.

Syndromic approach to identify cases of vaginal discharge: a cross-sectional study among females of Shaheed Nagar, Bhopal, Madhya Pradesh

Background: Management of Sexually Transmitted Infections (STIs) is important in controlling STIs and to break the chain of infection and transmission.Syndromic case management is a standardized evidence-based approach which utilizes clinical management algorithms and flowcharts that are handy and can be consistently used across health care providers. The objectives of the study were to identify cases of vaginal discharge in Shaheed Nagar, Bhopal and to provide them treatment following syndromic approach.Methods: Prospective cross-sectional study carried out over a period of three months among reproductive age group females (15-45 years) in Shaheed Nagar, Bhopal. Purposive sampling by conducting door- to- door survey until 150 women fulfilling study criteria was interviewed. A pre-designed questionnaire used for data collection. Educational intervention given to all participants. 37 participants identified with vaginal discharge syndrome and were assisted by study team to gynecological OPD for obtaining treatment based on syndromic approach. Data entered in MS Excel 2007 and statistical analysis carried out using epi-info 7.2. Proportions and percentages were calculated. Chi-square was used to find out association between prevalence of vaginal discharge and qualitative variables. P value <0.05 considered statistically significant.Results: Prevalence of vaginal discharge was 24.67%. The most common presenting complaint was general weakness (52%). The most common diagnosis was cervicitis (8.67%) followed by vaginitis (4.67%). Statistically significant correlation was found between presence of disease (STI) and use of intra- uterine device (IUD), non-use of sanitary pads, marital status, occupation and socio- economic class.Conclusions: Abnormal vaginal discharge can both be the cause as well as the effect of pelvic inflammatory disease.

A Study on Prevalence of Vaginal Discharge in Women Attending Tertiary Care Hospital

A Study on Prevalence of Vaginal Discharge in Women Attending Tertiary Care Hospital

Sociodemographic Characteristics and Aetiological Factors of Vaginal Discharge in Pregnancy

Objective: This is a study on the aetiology of vaginal discharge among pregnant women in Kano, Northern Nigeria. Method: This longitudinal descriptive study was conducted at Aminu Kano Teaching Hospital, Kano, Nigeria, between 1st January 2004 and 31st December 2004. The pregnant women who had vaginal discharge among those who attended the antenatal clinic during the period of study were recruited. Results: The prevalence of vaginal discharge in pregnancy in Kano, Northern Nigeria, was 1 in 20 antenatal patients. Infective vaginal discharge occurs with similar frequency to that of non-infective origin. The prevalence of infective vaginal discharge was found to decrease with increasing age, parity and Western education, and increased among patients who had Human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) infection and diabetes mellitus in pregnancy. Conclusion: We recommend close surveillance among high risk patients, and also the aetiology of vaginal discharge should be determined, so that appropriate treatment can be offered in order to prevent avoidable feto-maternal morbidity and mortality from erroneous empirical treatment.Key words: Vaginal discharge, aetiological factors, empirical treatment, pregnancy.

Prevalência e fatores associados à percepção de ocorrência de corrimento vaginal patológico entre gestantes

This study aims to determine the prevalence self-reported abnormal vaginal discharge and to identify associated risk factors in pregnant women in the municipality of Rio Grande, Rio Grande do Sul State, Brazil. A standardized questionnaire was applied to all pregnant women admitted for delivery in local maternity hospitals. The chi-square test was used to compare proportions, and Poisson regression was applied using multivariate analysis. Prevalence of vaginal discharge was 40%. Adjusted analysis showed the following prevalence ratios for vaginal discharge: 1.6 (1.4-1.8) for adolescents; 1.3 (1.1-1.6) for 8 years of schooling or less; 1.3 (1.1-1.5) for alcohol consumption; 2.0 (1.8-2.2) for vaginal discharge in the previous pregnancy; 1.4 (1.3-1.6) for urinary tract infection in the current pregnancy; and 0.8 (0.7-0.9) for history of prematurity. Local health services should target adolescent women, those with low schooling or low family income, and those with a history of vaginal discharge in the previous pregnancy or urinary tract infection in the current pregnancy.

Vaginal discharge: Its causes and associated symptoms as perceived by rural north Indian women

Background : Reproductive health is closely associated with culture of a country. Its sign and symptoms can be best understood within the ethnomedical contest rather then biomedical theories. Objective : To ascertain the views of the respondents regarding vaginal discharge. Methods : Three roadside villages of Panchkula, Haryana was purposively selected. A house to house survey was done and a total of 236 married women 15-45 years were interviewed by a female social worker on various aspect on vaginal discharge. Six FGDs and five case studies were also done. Results: Prevalence of vaginal discharge was 28.7%. Weakness, backache and poor vision were told as the main health effects of vaginal discharge. Heat, melting of bones, sexual promiscuity, poor hygiene and diet were told as the major causes of vaginal discharge. Consultation rate for vaginal discharge was 59%. Conclusion: The views of the rural north Indian women regarding vaginal discharge reflected the Ayurvedic system of thinking of the Indian masses.