Unmet Need For Contraception Research Articles

Unmet need for contraception among married women in the Kyrgyz Republic using the datasets from the 2006, 2014 and 2018 Multiple Indicator Cluster Survey: a cross-sectional study.

Since the beginning of the family program in 1998, the proportion of married women who used contraception has fluctuated. An unmet need for contraception among women in Kyrgyzstan drastically increased from 2006 (1.1%) to 2014 (19.1%), and remained unchanged until 2018 (19.0%). This study aims to re-investigate the prevalence of an unmet need for contraception from 2006 to 2018 in a comprehensive manner, and examine the factors associated with an unmet need for contraception among married women over the course of 12years in the Kyrgyz Republic. This is a cross-sectional study using secondary data that derived from the Multiple Indicator Cluster Survey (MICS). The study employed three datasets from the MICS 2006, 2014, and 2018. The study included a total of 9,229 women aged 15-49 who were married and fecund, and whose status of the met/unmet need for contraception could be identified. Logistic regression was employed to estimate the relationship of an unmet need for contraception with independent factors. A P value < 0.05 was set as statistically significant. The prevalence of an unmet need for contraception was 19.9% in 2006, 20.4% in 2014, and 22.5% in 2018. Across 12years, all reversible-contraceptive methods for women constantly declined. Although intrauterine devices were the prominent contraceptive method of usage among Kyrgyz women, the trend of usage drastically decreased over time. Factors associated with unmet need for contraception included women's age, area of residence, mother tongue of household head, age of husband, and number of children ever born. The unmet need for contraception among married Kyrgyz women slightly increased, and the trend of modern contraceptive usage declined from 2006 to 2018, particularly the use of pills, injections, and intra-uterine devices. Comprehensive sexual health education for young people and youth-friendly services should be promoted. An effective and reliable supply chain of contraceptive commodities should be prioritized and strengthened. Regular supportive supervision visits are essential to improve the knowledge and skills of healthcare providers to be able to provide intrauterine device service as a contraceptive choice for Kyrgyz women.

IJCM_85A: Prevalence of unmet need for contraception among married women aged 15-49 years in urban and rural areas of Telangana.

Background: As reported by NFHS 5, over seventy percent of presently married women aged 15-49 have a demand for family planning. Women encounter a multitude of obstacles when it comes to accessing and adopting contraception, including limited knowledge, social disapproval, and inadequate availability of family planning resources. Objective: The aim of this study is to estimate the prevalence of unmet need for contraception and factors affecting contraceptive behaviour among reproductive age group women aged 15-49 years living in urban and rural areas of Telangana. Methodology: A cross-sectional study was conducted in urban and rural areas of Telangana among 306 reproductive age group women aged 15-49 years. Data was collected using a structured questionnaire and chi-square test was used to assess the significance. Results: The unmet need for contraception was found to be 18.6%, and it was significantly higher in urban than in rural (24.2% and 13.1% respectively). Spacing need was 6.2% and limiting need was 12.4%, significantly higher among urban (17%) than in rural (7.8%). Occupation of the correspondent was found to be significantly associated with an unmet need for contraception. Conclusion: A high unmet need for contraception was observed among women in Telangana, highlighting the existence of a knowledge-action gap in promoting positive attitudes and behaviours toward contraception. Further research is necessary to explore the underlying factors contributing to the rising unmet need and training of frontline healthcare workers to raise awareness about family planning methods and address associated stigmas.

IJCM_90A: Knowledge about newer contraceptives among health care personnel working in primary health centres in north coastal district of Andhra Pradesh- a Cross sectional analytical study

Background: According to NFHS -5 the contraceptive prevalence rate has 67%. The unmet need for contraception is two-pronged: a spacing method and a permanent method. A Newer Oral contraceptive pill Chhaya is suitable for both of these purposes. Another newer injectable contraceptive available as Antara. Both are having less side effects. Government of India supplies free of cost. But its current acceptance rates are lower than expected. Health Care Personnel are the key persons to educate, promote and create awareness on contraceptive acceptance in the community especially, Eligible Couple. Hence this study was conducted to assess the knowledge of grassroot level of Health Care Personnel. Objectives: 1. To assess the knowledge of field Health Care Personnel on Newer Contraceptives. 2. To compare the knowledge among Health Care Personnel in Urban and Rural PHCs. Methodology: A cross-sectional analytical study was conducted among 100 Health care personnel (5 Urban &amp; 5 Rural PHCs) of North coastal district, Andhra Pradesh during November 2023 by simple random sampling with prevalence 50% and with allowable error 10%. Those who are willing, included in the study after taking written informed consent. Knowledge was categorized as Poor, Fair, Good. Data was collected by using pretested semi-structured questionnaire. Data was entered and analyzed using MS Excel and SPSS 21. Prior approval from institutional educational committee was obtained. Results: Mean age of study population is 38 ± 17 years. Mean service was 8.4 ± 9 years. 72% of study population were =10th standard.39.8% of the health care personnel have fair knowledge and 60.2% of health care personnel have poor knowledge on newer contraceptives. Fair Knowledge was more among urban study subjects. Conclusion: Knowledge about contraceptive was inadequate in majority of health care personnel. It should be enhanced by conducting scrupulous training programs.

IJCM_67A: Unmet need for family planning and the factors affecting it in rural area of Udupi district, Karnataka

Background: The world population is expected to increase from 8 billion currently to 9.7 billion in 2050. China (1.4 billion) and India (1.4 billion) remain the two most populous countries of the world representing 18 percent of the world’s population respectively. Unmet need for contraception and unintended pregnancy are important public health concerns for India in this context. Objectives: 1. To estimate the prevalence of unmet need for family planning among eligible couples. 2. To assess the knowledge and attitude towards contraceptive usage among the eligible couples Methodology: After obtaining the approval of institutional ethics committee, a cross sectional study was conducted in Shirva, a rural area of Udupi district, Karnataka. List of eligible couples residing in areas coming under the sub centres of CHC Shirva which is a field practice area of the Department of Community Medicine, KMC, Manipal was obtained. Married women of the age group 18-49 years who are were included in the study. Data was collected by personal interviews using a semi structured, pre -designed, pre-tested questionnaire. Data was analyzed using SPSS version 26. Regression analyses was performed to find out the independent effect of various factors. Results: From the preliminary analysis of 539 participants, the unmet need for family planning was found to be 43.4%. The mean age was found to be 33.68 with a standard deviation of 6.27. The mean age at marriage and the mean age at birth of first child were found to be 22.40 and 22.97 respectively. Most of participants belonged to Hindu religion (57%), followed by Muslims (38.2%) and Christians (4.6%). 36.7% were educated up to secondary school and 21.3% up to graduation and above. Conclusion: From this study, the unmet need for family planning was found to be high.

Social Demographic Dimensions of Contraceptive Use in the Land of Papua: A Cross-Sectional Approach

Background: The use of contraception is one of the efforts to prevent unwanted or mistimed pregnancies. Therefore, it has become a family planning program for motivating families to have ideal plans for pregnancies in time and with a desired number. However, although nationally, 58.7% of married women aged 15-49 years old used contraception in 2019, the percentage of contraceptive users remained the lowest in Papua, with only 13.7% of married women of the same age group using contraceptives in addition to 20% of the women having the unmet need for contraception. This study aims to analyze the determinants of the use of contraception in women of childbearing age in Papua Province.Method: This study employed data from the 2020 National Socioeconomic Survey (Susenas) with a cross-sectional approach. Respondents were 666,866 married women aged 10-54 years. Descriptive statistics and logistic regression analysis were performed using SPSS with a 95% confidence interval (p &lt; 0.05) to express statistical significance.Results: Residence, educational status, pregnancy, employment, age at first marriage, number of children, cell phone ownership, and health insurance were significantly correlated with contraceptive use (p &lt; 0.001). Residence in an urban area, junior high school education, pregnancy, marriage at less than 20 years of age, having more than two children alive, and ownership of a cell phone and health insurance were associated with an increased chance of using contraceptive methods among married women of reproductive age in Papua. The chance to use contraception was the highest for married pregnant women of reproductive age, and the women, in this case, were 35 times more likely to use contraceptives compared to unpregnant ones.

Women’s experiences of postpartum contraceptive services when elective caesarean section is the method of birth: a qualitative study

BackgroundThe unmet need for postpartum contraception is a global challenge. Postpartum placement of an intrauterine device (IUD) within 48 hours of vaginal delivery is available in many settings worldwide, but...

Challenges and opportunities for improving access to adolescent and youth sexual and reproductive health services and information in the coastal counties of Kenya: a qualitative study

BackgroundGlobally, adolescents and youth experience high unmet need for sexual and reproductive health (SRH) information and services. In Kenya, evidence shows that more than half of teenage pregnancies are unintended and that half of all new HIV infections occur in people ages 15-24-year-olds, with the majority of those being female. The coastal counties in Kenya record a relatively high adolescent pregnancy rate and higher rates of unmet need for contraception for all women of reproductive age compared to the national average. This study focused on gaining a deeper understanding of the existing challenges to and opportunities for accessing SRH information and services among adolescents and youth (AY) at the Kenyan coast.MethodsUsing qualitative methods, this study conducted thirty-six focus group discussions with adolescents, youth, and community health volunteers across all the six coastal counties in Kenya. The sample included adolescents aged 10–14 years in school (male and female), adolescents aged 15–19 years not in education (male and female), youths aged 20–24 years (mix of both male and female), and community health volunteers who were conveniently sampled. Thematic analysis was used to examine the data and report the study results.ResultsThe barriers to accessing AYSRH identified in the study are individual factors (feelings of shame, lack of information, and fear of being judged) parental factors, healthcare worker and health institution factors, teacher/educators factors, and broader contextual factors such as culture, religion, poverty, and illiteracy. Factors that facilitate access to AYSRH information and services included, supportive parenting and culture, AYSRH sessions in schools, peer support, supportive health institutions, gender inclusivity, and digital technology.ConclusionsAYSRH information and services at the Kenyan coast is strongly influenced by a range of individual, social, cultural, and economic factors. Improving access to AYSHR necessitates meaningful AY engagement, provision of youth-friendly services, use of digital technology as alternative pathways for sharing SRH information, strengthening parent-AY relationships, embracing peer-to-peer support, and the adoption of gender-inclusive approaches in AYSRH programming.

Exploring the association between unintended pregnancies and unmet contraceptive needs among Ugandan women of reproductive age: an analysis of the 2016 Uganda demographic and health survey

BackgroundUnintended pregnancy and unmet contraceptive needs pose significant public health challenges, particularly in developing nations, where they contribute to maternal health risks. While previous research has explored determinants of unintended pregnancies, there remains a gap in understanding the association between unplanned pregnancies and unmet contraceptive needs among Ugandan women of reproductive age. This study aimed to assess unmet contraceptive needs and their correlation with unintended pregnancies and other factors in Uganda, utilizing a nationally representative sample.MethodsData was extracted from the 2016 Uganda Demographic Health Survey (UDHS), a cross-sectional survey conducted in the latter half of 2016. The study encompassed 18,506 women aged 15–49 with a history of at least one prior pregnancy. The primary outcome variable was the planning status of the most recent pregnancy, while the principal independent variable was unmet contraceptive need. Additional variables were controlled in the analysis. Data analysis was performed using STATA version 17, involving descriptive analysis, cross-tabulation, chi-square testing, and logistic regression. Statistical significance was set at p < 0.05.ResultsA substantial proportion of women reported unintended pregnancies (44.5%), with approximately 21.09% experiencing an unmet need for contraception. In the adjusted model, women with unmet contraceptive needs had 3.97 times higher odds of unintended pregnancy (95% CI = 3.61–4.37) compared to those with met contraceptive needs. Significant factors linked to unintended pregnancies included women's age, place of residence, household wealth status, decision-making authority regarding contraceptive use, educational attainment, husband's occupation, and educational level.ConclusionThis study revealed that both the rate of unintended pregnancies and unmet contraceptive needs in Uganda exceeded the global average, warranting urgent policy attention. Addressing unmet contraceptive needs emerges as a potential strategy to curtail unintended pregnancies. Further qualitative research may be necessary to elucidate the sociocultural and behavioral determinants of unwanted pregnancies, facilitating context-specific interventions.

Rural Residence, Motorcycle Access, and Contraception Use in South and Southeast Asia☆

AbstractAccess to contraception is critical for limiting fertility. Yet, in South and Southeast Asia, access to these resources is often limited by spatial inequalities between rural and urban areas. Access to a motorcycle may empower women living in rural areas to attenuate these spatial inequalities, increase their educational attainment and participation in labor markets, and thereby facilitate a shift in fertility preferences. Concomitantly, motorcycle access may increase access to contraception for geographically isolated women who desire to limit fertility. We employ logistic regression models to examine associations with contraception use and unmet need for contraception for women living in rural versus urban areas and for women with versus without access to a motorcycle. Roughly 40 percent of women reported current use of contraception while another 21 percent indicated an unmet need for contraception. After adjusting for other variables, women with a motorcycle were more likely to report current contraception use (AOR = 1.55, 95% CI [1.50, 1.61]), modern contraception use (AOR = 1.60, 95% CI [1.54, 1.66]), and traditional contraception use (AOR = 1.49, 95% CI [1.41, 1.58]) compared with women who did not own a motorcycle. Women with a motorcycle were less likely to report an unmet need for contraception (AOR = 0.65, 95% CI [0.62, 0.68]) after adjusting for other variables. Our results are consistent with the premise that motorcycles facilitate contraception use among women living in resource‐limited countries in South and Southeast Asia and thereby contribute to decreases in fertility. These relationships are contextualized by whether a woman lives in an urban or rural setting, and the number of children already present in their household; they are robust to controlling for household‐level wealth and other factors that may mediate associations with contraception use.

Multilevel mixed effects analysis of individual and community factors associated with unmet need for contraception among married women in four East African countries

BackgroundDespite the use of contraceptives being an expression of a woman's reproductive control, the prevalence of unmet need remains high and a public concern among married women in East Africa. However, limited literature has explored the associated factors in the region. We live in age of leaving no one behind unfortunately many women still have unmet for family planning todate. This study therefore intends to examine the individual and community level factors associated with unmet need for contraception among married women in Burundi, Rwanda, Tanzania and Uganda. MethodsThe study utilizes data from the four recent demographic and health surveys for Burundi, Rwanda, Tanzania and Uganda. Analyses were conducted using multilevel mixed effects logistic regressions with random community and country level effects. Results are reported using predictive probabilities and margins. ResultsThis study revealed that: 20%, 22%, 28% and 33% of the married women in Tanzania, Uganda, Rwanda and Burundi respectively had unmet need for contraception. Younger women, and those: without formal education, from the poorest households, had ever experienced child loss, whose husbands desire more children than them, and have no access to family planning messages faced a higher probability of unmet need for contraception. This was also true for women living in communities with low usage of modern contraception and those in communities where there is an increasing number of children per woman. ConclusionsThe findings reiterate the need for family planning efforts to focus on younger women. Additionally, improved education, economic empowerment, calls for spousal involvement in family planning matters, support for those with child loss, and comprehensive awareness initiatives remain vital to tackling unmet need for contraception.

Trends and determinants of unmet need for modern contraception among adolescent girls and young women in Tanzania, 2004-2016.

Unintended pregnancy at a young age can lead to poor reproductive health, social and economic outcomes. The high rate of unintended teenage pregnancies in Tanzania is indicative of inadequate availability and uptake of modern contraception. Determining trends and determinants of unmet need for modern contraception among adolescent girls and young women (AGYW) in Tanzania will help address the burden of unintended pregnancies. An analytical cross-sectional study design was conducted using secondary data from three consecutive Tanzania Demographic and Health Surveys (TDHS) 2004/05, 2010 and 2015/6 among AGYW in need of modern contraception. Data analysis considered the complex survey design. Poisson regression model was used to determine factors associated with unmet need for modern contraception. We observed a steady decline in unmet need for modern contraception among sexually active AGYW in need of modern contraception from 31.8% in 2004/05 to 27.5% in 2015/16 survey. In the multivariable analysis, higher prevalence of unmet need for modern contraception was observed among adolescents, participants with at least one live birth, from poor wealth tertile, and those sexually active during the past four weeks compared to their counterparts. Despite declining levels, the unmet need for modern contraception among AGYW in Tanzania remains high. AGYW under 19 years, those from poor households, and those who are postpartum are most at risk. Greater efforts in empowering and educating AGYW at risk on their reproductive health rights and needs will further the uptake of modern contraceptive use, reduce the rates of unintended pregnancies, lower the adolescent fertility rate as a result lower unmet need for modern contraception.

Effective strategies for increasing the uptake of modern methods of family planning in South Asia: a systematic review and meta-analysis

BackgroundFamily planning (FP) interventions have improved the use of modern contraceptives, yet a high unmet need for contraception still exists in South Asia. This systematic review of existing research was conducted to identify effective FP interventions that led to an increase in the uptake of modern methods of contraception in South Asia.MethodsFive electronic databases were searched for relevant studies published between January 1st, 2000 and May 4, 2023. Experimental studies that reported data on the impact of FP interventions on modern contraceptive use among women of reproductive age (15–49 years) in the South Asian region were included. A random-effects Inverse Variance weighted model was employed to pool the adjusted odds ratio (OR) on modern contraceptive use and unmet need for contraception. In addition, we computed subgroup meta-estimates based on intervention type and the urban-rural divide.ResultsAmong 643 studies identified, 21 met the inclusion criteria. The overall pooled odds ratio for modern contraceptive use was significantly higher (OR 1.51; 95% CI 1.35–1.70; heterogeneity; I2 = 81%) for FP interventions with a significant reduction in unmet need for contraception (OR 0.86; 95% CI 0.78–0.94, I2 = 50%). The subgroup analysis revealed demand-generation (OR 1.61; 95% CI 1.32–1.96), health system integrated (OR 1.53; 95% CI 1.07–2.20), and franchised FP clinic interventions (OR 1.32; 95% CI 1.21–1.44) had promoted the modern contraceptive uptake. Further, FP interventions implemented in urban settings showed a higher increase in modern contraceptive use (OR 1.73; 95% CI 1.44–2.07) compared to rural settings (OR 1.46; 95% CI 1.28–1.66). Given the considerable heterogeneity observed across studies and the low degree of certainty indicated by the GRADE summary for the primary outcome, caution is advised when interpreting the results.ConclusionThe review collated experimentally evaluated FP interventions that increased modern contraception use and reduced the unmet need in South Asia. The demand generation interventions were the most effective in increasing the uptake of modern contraceptive methods. Furthermore, the urban environment provides a conducive environment for interventions to improve contraceptive usage. However, further studies should assess which aspects were most effective on attitudes towards contraception, selection of more effective methods, and contraceptive behaviors.

Balancing career goals and parenthood desires: results from a survey of undergraduate pre-health students at a hispanic-serving institution in Texas

Objective To examine family planning and fertility experiences and views, as well as desired parenthood timing and career plans, of diverse undergraduate pre-health students. Participants 266 pre-health undergraduate students attending a Hispanic-Serving Institution in South Texas. Methods We conducted a cross-sectional, online survey with a purposive sample of undergraduate students and analyzed data descriptively. Results Most students desired children in the future but were concerned about planning the timing of parenthood against their career training. The results highlight the need to improve both family planning and fertility knowledge, based on a high unmet need for contraceptives, low perceived knowledge about fertility/infertility treatment, and a desire to learn more about planning the timing of their career training alongside parenthood. Conclusions This study highlights potential gaps in reproductive health information and services among diverse, health-focused students needed to inform choices about the timing of their families and career training.

Unmet need for healthcare in the Russian Federation: subnational retrospective modelling analysis (2014–2018)

IntroductionUnmet need for healthcare is a proxy indicator used to assess the performance of healthcare systems throughout the world. While the Russian Federation is committed to improving healthcare for its...

High-risk fertility behaviors and associated factors among married reproductive-age women in sub-Saharan Africa: A multilevel mixed-effect analysis of nationally representative data from 35 countries.

Although high-risk fertility behaviors are linked with poor maternal and child health outcomes, their prevalence remains higher in resource-limited countries and varies significantly by context. Evidence on the recent estimates of these fertility risks at the sub-Saharan Africa level is limited. Therefore, this study aimed to examine the pooled prevalence of high-risk fertility behaviors and associated factors among married women in this region. Data from DHS of 35 sub-Saharan African countries were used and a weighted sample of 243,657 married reproductive-age women were included in the analysis. A multilevel binary logistic regression models were fitted and the final model was selected based on the log-likelihood and deviance values. A p-value less than 0.05 and an adjusted odds ratio with a corresponding 95% confidence interval were used to identify the factors associated with high-risk fertility behaviors. The pooled prevalence of high-risk fertility behaviors among women in sub-Saharan Africa was 77.7% [95% CI = 77.6%-77.9], where 43.1% [95% CI: 42.9%-43.3%], and 31.4% [95% CI = 31.2%-31.6%] had a single risk and combination of two or three fertility risks, respectively. The highest level of single-risk fertility pattern was observed in Burundi (53.4%) and Chad had the highest prevalence of both at least one (89.9%) and multiple (53.6%) fertility risks. Early and polygamous marriages, low maternal and husband education, poor wealth index, unmet need for contraception, couple's fertility discordance, rural residence, high community-level early marriage practice, and low community-level women empowerment were associated with risky fertility behaviors. More than three-quarters of married women in SSA were engaged in high-risk fertility behaviors, with significant variations across the included countries. Therefore, addressing the modifiable risk factors like improving access to need-based contraceptive methods and empowering couples through education for a better understanding of their reproductive health with particular attention to rural settings are important in reducing these fertility risks. The results also suggest the need to strengthen the policies regulating the prohibition of early and polygamous marriages.

Access and use of sexual and reproductive health services among asylum-seeking and refugee women in high-income countries: A scoping review.

Refugee and asylum-seeking women are known to experience a myriad of intersecting sociocultural, institutional, and systemic barriers when accessing healthcare services after resettlement in high-income countries. Barriers can negatively affect service uptake and engagement, contributing to health inequities and forgone care. Access to sexual and reproductive healthcare (e.g., family planning, cervical cancer prevention) has largely been understudied. This scoping review sought to: i) examine the use of sexual and reproductive health services among refugee and asylum-seeking women in high-income countries; and ii) identify barriers and facilitators influencing access to sexual and reproductive healthcare for refugee and asylum-seeking women in high-income countries. This review was conducted in accordance with Joanna Briggs Institute Methodology for Scoping Reviews. Ten databases (e.g., CINAHL, MEDLINE, Embase) were searched for qualitative, quantitative, mixed method studies, and gray literature published anytime before February 2024 across high-income countries (defined by the World Bank). The Health Behaviour Model was used to examine and understand factors influencing service use and access. 3,997 titles and abstracts were screened, with 66 empirical studies included. Most were conducted in the United States (44%), Australia (25%), Europe (18%) and elsewhere and were qualitative (68%). Papers largely addressed contraception, abortion, cervical cancer screening, gender-based violence, and sexual health education. Included studies indicated that refugee and asylum-seeking women in high-income countries face a greater unmet need for contraception, higher use of abortion care, and lower engagement with cervical cancer screening, all when compared to women born in the resettlement country. Frequently reported barriers included differences in health literacy, shame and stigma around sexual health, language and communication challenges, racial or xenophobic interactions with healthcare providers, and healthcare/medication costs. Studies across the globe identified consistent empirical evidence demonstrating health inequities facing refugee and asylum-seeking and myriad intersecting barriers contributing to underuse of essential sexual and reproductive health services. Facilitators included multilingual healthcare provider, use of interpreters and interpretation services, community health promotion work shops, and financial aid/Medicare.

Unmet need for family planning among pastoralist community of West Omo zone, Ethiopia: A community based cross-sectional study

Introduction: Family planning is among the best suggested strategies to decrease the high maternal mortality and morbidity prevailing among pastoral communities. Despite this fact, there is no sufficient information regarding the unmet need for family planning in the study area. Therefore, this study was intended to assess the prevalence of unmet need for family planning and its associated factors among currently married women residing in pastoralist community of West Omo zone, Ethiopia. Methods: Community-based cross-sectional study was conducted from 01 January to 01 April 2021 in West Omo zone. Five-hundred-sixty currently married women aged 15–49 were interviewed, and the study participants were randomly selected by employing a modified random walk approach. Data were checked manually for completeness and consistency, then entered into Epidata 3.1 and exported to SPSS version 22 for analysis. Multivariate binary logistic regression was used to identify the associated factors, and Adjusted Odds Ratio (AOR) at 95% CI with p-value &lt; 0.05 was considered as significant variables. Result: A total of 560 currently married women agreed to participate in this study making a response rate of 93.17%. Two hundred three, that is, about 36.3% (95% CI: 32.1, 40.2%) currently married women had an unmet need for family planning, with 119 (58.6%) wishing to delay childbirth and 84 (41.4%) seeking to limit. Have no formal education (AOR = 2.86 (95% CI: 1.61, 5.10)), having poor knowledge of family planning (AOR = 2.83 (95% CI: 1.45, 5.54)), and lack of husband support of family planning (AOR = 2.38 (95% CI: 1.22, 4.67)) are positively associated with unmet need for family planning. Conclusion: The magnitude of unmet need for family planning in this study is fairly high as compared to previous studies done among non-pastoral community. Hence, it’s important to consider the above identified factors while designing effective public health intervention.

Prevalence and Associated Factors of Unmet Need for Family Planning among Magar Community Women

Introduction: Unmet need for family planning (FP) denotes sexually active reproductive age group women’s inability to fulfill contraceptive requirements for limiting or spacing the child birth. The purpose of this study was to determine the prevalence and factors associated with unmet need for FP among Magar community women in selected areas of Nawalparasi, Nepal. Methods: A cross-sectional analytical study was conducted from July-August, 2022 using non-probability (purposive sampling) technique to select the respondents. A semi-structured questionnaire and face to face interview method was used among 353 respondents to collect the information. Descriptive and inferential statistical tools were used for data analysis. Results: More than half (54%) of respondents found unmet need for FP by using Westoff model. Respondents’ age (p&lt;0.013), education level (p&lt;0.002), husbands’ education (p&lt;0.022) and occupation (p&lt;0.001) were significant association with unmet need for FP and husband in foreign, opposition by husband and family, fear of harmful effects, lack of information and access and rare sexual interaction with spouse were the main reason for not-using family planning methods. Odds of unmet need for FP age group 30-34 years were 3.336 times (95% CI = 1.436 to 7.749), among more than 35 years were 1.588 (95% CI = 0.751 to 3.357) times as compared to whose age is &lt;25 years. The respondents who were in secondary level were 2.473 times (95% CI = 1.137 to 5.379) unmet need for FP as compared to illiterate. Compared to services, the respondents’ husband’s occupation in agriculture resulted in 2.032 times (95% CI = 0.834 to 4.949) unmet for family planning. Conclusion: The prevalence of unmet need for FP among the Magar women was higher than that of national and provincial level. It was also significantly higher prevalence among 30-34 years of age group, secondary level respondents and whose husband in foreign employment.

Magnitude and associated factors of unmet need for family planning among reproductive-aged women in Ethiopia: An umbrella review.

The World Health Organization defines women with an unmet need for family planning as individuals who are fecund, sexually active, and wanting to either to limit childbirth or postpone their next birth but are not utilizing any form of contraception. Previous meta-analyses and systematic reviews have focused on this topic, but no comprehensive summary of the evidence was available. Therefore, the aim of this study was to provide a summary of the findings on the unmet need for family planning among reproductive-aged women in Ethiopia. A search was conducted in PubMed, Google Scholar, CINAHL, Scopus, Cochrane Library, and RESEARCH 4 LIFE including Hinari, to identify relevant systematic reviews and meta-analyses of studies on the prevalence and determinants of the unmet need for family planning in Ethiopia. The methodological quality of the included studies was assessed using the Assessment of Multiple Systematic Reviews tool, and the estimates were pooled using a random-effects meta-analysis model. The umbrella review included five studies with a total of 56,169 reproductive-aged women. The pooled prevalence of unmet need for family planning was found to be 27.44% (95% CI: 22.32-32.55), with the heterogeneity index (I square = 99.45%, P = 0.000). Failure to discuss with her partner about family planning methods (OR: 2.90, 95% CI: 1.81, 4.00), being illiterate (OR: 2.17, 95% CI: 1.42, 2.92), age at first marriage (OR: 1.37, 95% CI: 1.30, 1.44), and educational status of woman's partner (OR: 2.61, 95% CI: 0.83, 4.40) were the factors significantly and positively associated with unmet needs for family planning. The study concludes that the unmet need for family planning in Ethiopia is a significant issue that can be addressed through increasing the educational levels of women and their partners, promoting open discussions about family planning, and preventing early marriages. Collaboration between families, school administrators, and healthcare providers is essential to mitigating this problem.

Changes in unmet need for family planning among married women of reproductive age in Nigeria: A multilevel analysis of a ten-year DHS wave.

Unmet need for family planning [UNFP] remains a serious public health concern in Nigeria. Evidence suggests that UNFP remains high over the last fifteen years despite numerous policies and programmes aimed at generating demand for family planning. This study used three Demographic and Health Survey (DHS) conducted over a ten-year period (2008-2018) to assess the changes in unmet need for family planning and associated contextual determinants. Understanding changes in unmet need for family planning among women and its associated contextual factors is crucial for designing appropriate interventions. We analysed datasets the Nigeria Demographic and Health Surveys of 2008, 2013 and 2018 to assess changes and contextual determinants of unmet need for family planning. Data were analysed using frequency distribution, chi-square statistical test and multilevel binary logistic regression models. Due to the hierarchical structure of the data in which individuals are nested within households, multilevel mixed-effect logistic regression models were constructed. We used a multilevel binary logistic regression model after adjusting for variables not significant at the bivariate level. An adjusted odds ratio with 95% confidence interval was reported, with a p-value less than 0.05 declared to be significant predictors of unmet need for family planning. Unmet need for family planning decreased from 20.21% to 16.10% between 2008 and 2013 but subsequently rose later from 16.10% to 18.89% between 2013 and 2018. The pattern of changes in unmet need for either limiting or spacing was consistently high over the 10-year period, with the highest rate of each of the indicators of unmet need for family planning occurring in 2018 while the lowest rate was in 2008, thus indicating an increase in the proportion of respondents having unmet need for family planning over the referenced period. Age of respondents, educational level, wealth status, religious affiliation, parity, sex of head of household, partner educational level, region of residence, and community socioeconomic status were significant factors associated with the unmet need for family planning across the different data waves in Nigeria (p < 0.05). An intraclass correlation (ICC) of 4.9% showed that the individual and household level factors had a greater influence on the variation in the unmet need for family planning than did community factors in Nigeria. The overall prevalence of unmet need for family planning was consistently high over the ten-year period and community-level factors had lowest influence on the variation in unmet need for family planning compared to household and individual-level factors in Nigeria. Policies and interventions should focus on improving women's socio-economic and demographic characteristics at individual, household, and community levels to improve unmet need for family planning.