Prevalence Of Symmetry Research Articles

Evaluation of root and canal morphology of maxillary permanent first molars in an Emirati population; a cone-beam computed tomography study

BackgroundThe aim of this study was to analyze the root and canal morphology of the maxillary permanent first molars in an Emirati population using cone-beam computed tomography (CBCT).MethodsTwo hundred and sixty-one CBCT scans were acquired. The data were extracted and anonymized to remove all patient identifiers. Two observers (an endodontic resident and an endodontist) evaluated all scans on diagnostic quality monitors.ResultsThe prevalence of a second mesiobuccal canal (MB2) was 80.1% in all examined samples. Type II Vertucci classification, was the most common canal configuration (59%) in the mesiobuccal root, followed by Types I (19.9%) and IV (15.3%), while Type III was the least common (5.7%). Types I, II, and IV were significantly more common in the 21–40-year age group (P < 0.001), while Type III was observed significantly more often in the < 20-year age group (P < 0.001). No significant effect of gender on the prevalence of Vertucci classification in the mesiobuccal root of maxillary first molars (P = 0.74) was found. Analysis of bilateral symmetry showed that 80% teeth had perfect bilateral symmetry, whereas 20% were asymmetrical. Type II canal configuration showed the highest prevalence of bilateral symmetry (48.7%), followed by Type I (15%) and Type IV (10%), while Type III showed the least prevalence of symmetry (3%).ConclusionsThis was the first study to analyze the prevalence of MB2 canal in an Emirati population. Our results indicate high prevalence of MB2 (80.1%) and emphasize the importance of using advanced techniques to locate the MB2 canal.

Cone-beam-computed-tomography of the symmetry of root canal anatomy in mandibular incisors.

This study aimed to evaluate the prevalence of internal symmetry (the number and morphology of root canals) in the mandibular incisors using cone beam computed tomography (CBCT). A total of 302 CBCT scans involving 1,208 mandibular incisors were evaluated using the Vertucci's classification regarding the number and configuration of root canals. The central mandibular incisors exhibited two root canals in 22.6% of patients and lateral incisors in 24.3% of patients. Most teeth (76.4%) had a type I configuration (a single root canal, 1-1), 21.7% had type II (2-1), 1.1% had type V (1-2), and 0.8% had type IV (2-2). Teeth with a type-III configuration (1-2-1) were not found. In total, 17.5% of patients had a symmetric appearance of the two-canalled central mandibular incisors and 20.5% had a bilateral appearance of the two-canal lateral incisors. Moreover, in 12.3% of the patients, all four incisors showed two root canals. The highest degree of symmetry was found in incisors that had one root canal (central incisors: 217 of 302, lateral incisors: 229 of 302), followed by type 2-1 incisors (central incisors 50, lateral incisors 58). The influence of sex and age on the prevalence of symmetries was not significant. Concluding, the internal anatomy of the mandibular incisors cannot not be sufficiently predicted from the root canal anatomy of the contralateral tooth. Thorough clinical and radiographic inspection of each tooth remains mandatory to address the internal anatomy of the mandibular incisors correctly.