Prevalence Of Substance Abuse Research Articles

PREVALENCE AND ASSOCIATED RISK FACTORS OF SUBSTANCE ABUSE AMONG ADOLESCENTS IN RURAL COMMUNITIES, CENTRAL THAILAND: A CROSS-SECTIONAL STUDY

Background: Substance abuse is one serious social challenge that has continued to in crease over a long time. This major problem currently affects society, the economy and national development. One related study conducted in southern Thailand found that the prevalence of substance abuse in youth groups was 7% in 2002 increasing to 9% and 13% in 2003 and 2004, respectively. Nevertheless, information regrading substance abuse among adolescents in Thailand remains limited especially in remote rural communities. The study aimed to determine the prevalence and associated factors concerning substance abuse.
 Methods: The percent study was conducted in 2 high schools in rural communities, Chachoengsao and Sa Kaeo Provinces, central Thailand. A cross-sectional quantitative study identified the prevalence and associated factors of substance abuse among adolescents, A standardized self-reported questionnaire was used to collect data including demographic characteristics, history of substance abuse and associated factors. Multivariate analysis was performed to adjust confounders using logistic regression analysis.
 Results: The sample size of the study totaled 652 adolescents. The lifetime prevalence of substance abuse was 24.4% while the one-year prevalence of substance abuse was 16.7%. After adjusting for potential confounders, the risk factors associated with one year substance abuse among adolescents were being male (AORs; 2.19, 95%CI; 1.16-4.116), friend inducement (AORs; 3.28, 95%CI; 1.64-6.55), smoking (AORs; 3.22, 95%CI; 1.50-6.90) and alcohol consumption (AORs; 4.46, 95%CI; 2.43-8.16).
 Conclusion: Our data emphasized that substance abuse was a problem in these rural communities, Public health interventions aimed to prevent substance abuse among adolescents should be designed and provided for these rural communities. Further, schools should provide lessons how to negotiate and avoid coercion when being induced to abuse substances or other unhealthy and dangerous behaviors.

Principal’s Support of Peer Education and Prevalence of Drug and Substance Abuse in Public Secondary Schools in Busia County, Kenya

The study sought to determine whether significant differences existed between levels on prevalence of drug and substance abuse in schools where principals supported peer education versus those who did not support peer education. The study utilized descriptive survey design and the target population of students was 30,745. Out of 30745, 420 students formed sample size for the study from 35 schools, 35 principals, five education officers for focus group discussion and 35 guidance and counseling teachers totaling to 495 respondents. Instruments used were questionnaires for students and guidance and counseling teachers, interview guide for principals and focused group discussion. The computer program on statistical package for social Sciences (SPSS) was used in the analysis. Levene’s t –test for equality of variances and means was used for independent and dependent samples to get the significance on prevalence of drug and substance abuse. The study established that schools which led peer education have a significant difference on the prevalence of drug and substance abuse hence have higher education, the study established that there were various ways in which peers participated to address the prevalence on drug and substance abuse. These ways are through use of peers to address drug and substance abuse, through use of clubs, through use of societies to address drug and substance abuse, through use of skits, use of plays, use of music and finally through use of drama to address drug and substance abuse. The study also identified the drug and substance abuse by the students in public secondary schools in Busia County. These drug and substance included the following: alcohol, tobacco, cigarettes, miraa, cocaine, bhang, kubber, mandrax and hashish. The study concluded that peer education positively influenced students’ behavior in the sense that they reduced drug and substance abuse among the students. The study recommends embracing of peer education in all secondary schools where they were not yet embraced as a preemptive measure. The study should be carried out in private secondary schools and primary schools in other parts of the Republic where drugs are a menace. The study also recommended that the ways in which peers participated to address the prevalence on drug and substance abuse in public secondary schools in Busia County, Kenya should be enhanced.

The Impact of Opium Abuse on Lipid Profile in Patients with Diabetes: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis.

There is an increasing prevalence of diabetes worldwide and substance abuse has been observed as a problem among some people with diabetes. Therefore, there is an urgent need to understand the association between unhealthy drug use including the abuse of opium and clinical outcomes including its impact on lipid profile in patients with diabetes as the presence of these conditions can increase the risk of cardiovascular morbidity and mortality. Aim: This was a systematic review and meta-analysis which evaluated the impact of opium abuse on lipid profile in patients with diabetes. Method: This systematic review was conducted in line with the preferred reporting items for systematic reviews and meta-analyses (PRISMA) guidelines. Three databases (Embase, PubMed, and PsycINFO) plus Google Scholar were searched for relevant articles from database inception to 18 July 2019 based on the Population, Intervention, Comparator, and Outcomes (PICO) framework. The studies included were based on a set of inclusion and exclusion criteria including patients with diabetes who abused opium. Articles were evaluated for risk of bias and the meta-analysis was conducted using Revman. Results: Six articles that met the criteria were included in the systematic review and meta-analysis. The type of substance abused was opium in all the studies. The results of the meta-analysis showed that opium abuse significantly (P = 0.01) lowered total cholesterol compared to control with a mean difference of −0.17 (95% CI, −0.29, −0.04) in patients with diabetes. With respect to high-density lipoprotein (HDL) cholesterol, low-density lipoprotein (LDL) cholesterol, triglycerides, and body mass index, the differences were not statistically significant (P > 0.05) between those who abused opium compared with the control. Nutritional deficiencies, weight loss and lipid dysregulation due to liver dysfunction which are found in people who abuse substances may explain the findings of the current review with respect to lipid profile in patients with diabetes who abuse opium compared with the control. Conclusion: The findings of this systematic review and meta-analysis have shown that opium abuse significantly decreased total cholesterol (P < 0.05) in patients with diabetes. However, the effect of opium abuse on HDL cholesterol, triglycerides, body mass index (BMI) and LDL cholesterol in these patients were not statistically significant (P > 0.05) compared with the control. This result has public health significance in terms of ensuring the promotion of adequate nutritional intake in patients with diabetes who abuse opium.

PENGALAMAN DAN MAKNA KLIEN KETERGANTUNGAN NAPZA SAAT FASE AWAL KETERGANTUNGAN DI KABUPATEN SLEMAN

Background: Drug abuse has become a global problem, including in Indonesia, especially Yogyakarta. Yogyakarta is the province with the highest prevalence of drug abuse among students in Indonesia. Usage of drugs has a negative impact on health both physically and psychologically. However, based on preliminary studies, drug users continue to use the substance, althought they know its effect. The client experience of drug dependence when first trying the substance is interesting to look at.&#x0D; Objective: The aim of this study was to explore the experiences of the pearticipant in their early stage of drug addiction in Sleman Regency.&#x0D; Methods: The study method used qualitative with design of phenomenology intepretif, and use method of IPA as method of data analysis.&#x0D; Results: Based on the results of the analysis of the phenomenology intepretif of the 9 participants obtained the theme of the results are as follows: Trying to be part of the world of drugs and drug self-control.&#x0D; Conclusion: Someone uses drugs due to various things one of them improves self-existence. For future research is expected to take place at BNN or hospital to see a different experience.&#x0D; Keywords: Drug abuse, initial phase of drug abuse

Smoking and substance abuse prevalence in adolescents in a city of Turkey

Abstract Background The aim of this study was to determine the prevalence of smoking and abuse of substance among young people aged 14-18 in a city of Turkey and to determine the relationship between smoking and substance abuse risk. Methods This cross-sectional study was conducted on high school students studying in Bingöl city center. The universe of the study consists of 14000 students studying in 14 high schools. The minimum sample size required to be reached in the sample size analysis with reference to 80% power and 99% confidence interval was found to be 1235. According to the stratified sampling method, the students were randomly reached in schools and questionnaires were conducted under supervision by taking their consent. Chi-square test, Binary Logistic Regression test were used for data analysis. Results The mean age of the students was 15.71 ± 1.16 (min-max: 14-18) and 49.5% were male. The prevalence of smoking among all students is 15.8%, addictive substance use / trial frequency 5% except smoking. The prevalence of smoking among male students is 24.1%, in female students 7.7%. The rate of using addictive substance was found to be 8.2% for male students and 1.9% for female students except smoking. According to the results of Logistic Regression; substance abuse increases 8 (95% CI:3,32-19,95) fold in smokers (p = 0,001) and 2.5 (95% CI:1,10-5,38) fold in men (p = 0,027). The risk of substance use increases 1.05 (95% CI:1,02-1,08) fold as the number of cigarettes smoked daily (p = 0,001). Substance abuse risk of 18-year-olds shows increase 1.5 (95% CI:1,06-1,93) fold according to 14 years old (p = 0,021). Conclusions Smoking and addictive substance use in adolescents are particularly remarkable in male students (8.2%). This result is higher than the data reflecting Ä°stanbul (7%). This may be due to the fact that the province is located at the crossing point of drug traffic. Smoking increases the risk of other addictive substances (marijuana, heroin, etc.). Key messages Smoking and substance abuse is an important health problem in adolescents according to this study. Male students smoke are at risk of substance abuse more than female.

Use of Mentoring Programmes on Prevalence of Drug and Substance Abuse in Public Secondary Schools in Busia County, Kenya

Use of Mentoring Programmes on Prevalence of Drug and Substance Abuse in Public Secondary Schools in Busia County, Kenya

PELAKSANANAN REHABILITASI TERHADAP PECANDU NARKOBA SECARA SUKARELA DAN MELALUI PROSES PENEGAKAAN HUKUM. (STUDI KASUS DI BBNP JATENG)

&lt;div class="page" title="Page 1"&gt;&lt;div class="layoutArea"&gt;&lt;div class="column"&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;span&gt;Indonesia is in a state of drug emergency, the prevalence of drug abuse is increasing, the growth of drug abuse users is already alarming and alarming. Ignorance of the dangers and risks of drug use will add to the victims of drug abuse. Efforts to solve drug problems are carried out in cross-sectoral aspects of preventive and repressive aspects. Based on the mandate of the regulation of drug addicts must undergo rehabilitation. Rehabilitation is an alternative sanction in the form of actions stipulated in a joint regulation. There are two ways that rehabilitation of drug abuse can be done voluntarily and through law enforcement processes and there is no involvement in the distribution of drugs. This paper will discuss about (1) the implementation of rehabilitation for drug addicts voluntarily (2) the implementation of rehabilitation for drug addicts through the process of law enforcement. &lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/div&gt;

Is substance use disorder more prevalent in patients with hidradenitis suppurativa?

Hidradenitis suppurativa (HS) is a chronic inflammatory skin condition that disproportionately affects women and is associated with significant physical and psychosocial impact. Recent studies have reported an increased prevalence of substance abuse among patients with HS, including increased alcohol, opioid, and cannabis use. Whether substance use disorder is more prevalent among patients with HS is controversial because these data come from small studies and a major confounder is that patients with HS are often prescribed opioids for HS-associated pain. This review summarizes the current literature on substance use in HS to investigate whether substance use disorder is more likely in this patient population. We also highlight possible cofounders and areas of unmet need in HS that are potential causes of abuse, such as adequate pain control and impaired quality of life, and suggest opportunities for provider intervention. Evidence suggests that there is an increased prevalence of substance use disorder in patients with HS, but the full extent is still difficult to determine. However, with early screening and appropriate referrals to specialists, dermatologic providers may properly intervene and prevent substance use disorder in patients with HS.

Social Factors Influencing Substance and Drug Abuse in Universities in Machakos County, Kenya

The intention of this study was to investigate social factors influencing substance and drug abuse in universities Machakos County, Kenya. The survey study was carried out in Universities in Machakos town. The study was guided by the following objectives: to find out social factors influencing substance and drug abuse in Universities Machakos town and Establish the relationship between gender and drug abuse. The target population comprised of (10,000) students. A sample of (110) respondents was drawn from 5 University college /campuses. Stratified sampling techniques were used to sample (40) female and (70) male students. The research utilized questionnaires as the research instruments. The research instruments were modified after pilot study. The validity and reliability of instruments was established by piloting the instruments in pilot institutions in Machakos University College and Scott university. The reliability of research instrument was determined through the split- half method. The reliability index for the research instrument was 0.78. Qualitative data collected was analyzed descriptively using frequencies and percentages. The main findings of the study were: the prevalence of drug abuse according to gender was male (62.7%) and female (37.3%) and according to university. The social factors contributing drug abuse was peer pressure had (78.2%) and parental and environmental factors (20%). The research also revealed that commonly abused was alcohol with (78%), followed by cigarette (58.5%), followed by illicit brews (50%), miraa (40%), bhang (21%), wines and spirits (15%), finally the least abused drugs were heroin and cocaine with less than 1 percent. On the relationship between gender and drug abuse, the findings reveled that male students three times likely to abuse drugs more than female students. The study made the following recommendations: Government should put in place measures of limiting easy access to drug, Interventions progammes should be designed to halt drug abuse among those who are already abusing drugs and Rehabilitate those who show signs of addiction and finally guidance and counseling strengthened should be strengthened in institutions of learning and especially peer counseling DOI : 10.7176/RHSS/9-20-06 Publication date :October 31 st 2019

Prevalence and pattern of substance abuse among male adolescents in urban and rural areas of Dehradun

Background: Substance abuse is a serious problem because it is engulfing the younger generation with serious health, social and economic concern. This study was conducted to determine the prevalence of substance abuse among male adolescents and study the habit pattern of substance abusers.Methods: A cross sectional study was conducted among 776 male adolescents residing in urban and rural field practice areas under the department of Community Medicine, through randomly selected house to house visit. Data regarding the current use of alcohol and tobacco was collected in a predesigned and pretested proforma by oral questionnaire method.Results: The prevalence of substance abuse among male adolescents was found to be 22.8% and majority of them used some form of smokeless tobacco, followed by smoking tobacco. Consumption of alcohol or tobacco by adolescents is significantly associated with alcohol or tobacco consumption by their family members.Conclusions: Prevalence of substance abuse was high among the male adolescents and they should be motivated through IEC to give up the habit.

Geographic Trends, Patient Characteristics, and Outcomes of Infective Endocarditis Associated With Drug Abuse in the United States From2002 to 2016.

BackgroundThere has been an increase in the prevalence of drug abuse (DA) in the national opioid epidemic. With increasing DA, there is an increased risk of infective endocarditis (IE). There are limited recent data evaluating national trends on the incidence and geographical distribution of DA‐IE. We aim to investigate those numbers as well as the determinants of outcome in this patient population.Methods and ResultsHospitalized patients with a primary or secondary diagnosis of IE based on the International Classification of Diseases, Ninth and Tenth Revisions (ICD‐9, ICD‐10) were included. We described the national and geographical trends in DA‐IE. We also compared DA‐IE patients’ characteristics and outcomes to those with IE, but without associated drug abuse (non‐DA‐IE) using Poisson regression models. Incidence of DA‐IE has nearly doubled between 2002 and 2016 All US regions were affected, and the Midwest had the highest increase in DA‐IE hospitalizations (annual percent change=4.9%). Patients with DA‐IE were younger, more commonly white males, poorer, had fewer comorbidities, and were more likely to have human immunodeficiency virus, hepatitis C, concomitant alcohol abuse, and liver disease. Their length of stay was longer (9 versus 7 days; P<0.001) and were more likely to undergo cardiac surgery (7.8% versus 6.2%; P<0.001), but their inpatient mortality was lower (6.4% versus 9.1%; P<0.001).Conclusions DA‐IE is rising at an alarming rate in the United States. All regions of the United States are affected, with the Midwest having the highest increase in rate. Young‐adult, poor, white males were the most affected.

Mental disorders and obstetric diseases in high risk gestations

Objectives: To analyze the prevalence of major depression disorder, anxiety disorders and substance abuse in women with high-risk pregnancy and identify maternal-fetal pathologies and other variables associated with higher prevalence of mental disorders. Methodology: This cross-sectional study included 46 women in the high-risk gestation outpatient clinic of the Maternidade Escola Assis Chateaubriand in Fortaleza - Ceará. A sociodemographic and a clinical data questionnaire were applied, as well as Abuse Assesment Screen, Edinburgh Postpartum Depression Scale, State-Trait Anxiety Inventory and Alcohol Smoking and Substance Screening Test. Mini International Neuropsychiatry Interview (MINI) was applied to women with positive screening in the mentioned scales. Results: Using the screening tools, the prevalence was 30.4% for depression and 52.2% for anxiety; with the MINI the prevalence was 30,4% and 34,8%, respectively. Pregnant women with cardiac diseases had a 66,7% depression prevalence and a 77.8% anxiety prevalence, both higher than those with other pathologies. Depression and anxiety were also associated with unwanted pregnancy and domestic violence during life. Conclusion: The prevalence of depression and anxiety was high in this sample of pregnant women and the associated risk factors need to be understood, so that better interventions in the treatment of pregnant women can be implemented.

Prevalence of Substance Abuse (Tobacco, Alcohol, Narcotics and Psychotropic Drugs) and Its Relationship to Family Factors in Pre-university Male Students in Shiraz 2017-2018.

Teenagers are valuable resources in communities and they are faced with multiple risk factors. Factors such as family attachment, devotion to family, parent's educational level, and parental support are the protective factors against high-risk behaviors. The purpose of this study was to determine the prevalence of drug use among pre-university students and its relationship with familial factors. 1000 Fourth grade high-school male students were randomly selected during 6months in four districts of Shiraz City during 2017-2018. 14% of the participants were current smokers, 13.5% had a history of alcohol consumption, and 1% used psychotropic drugs, respectively. Moreover 59% of the participants who had consumed alcohol were cigarette smokers as well. 4.5% of them used all the three substances such as alcohol, tobacco and psychotropic drugs. Children whose parents do not set clear regulations or do not control their children are at higher risk of drug abuse.

An Evaluation of the Prevalence of Substance Abuse among Students of Higher Education Institutions in Benue State, North- Central Nigeria: Implications for Counseling

The Investigation was directed towards the prevalence of substance abuse among students of higher education institutions, Benue State North &amp;ndash; Central Nigeria. In order to undertake the research, one research question and one hypothesis were formulated to guide the study. The researcher made use of &amp;ldquo;Prevalence of Substance Abuse among Students Questionnaire&amp;rdquo; (POSAASQ) to obtain information for the research. The instrument was made up of twenty items. Students responded to substances abused by ticking always (A) 4 points, often (0) 3 points, sometimes (S) 2 points and never (N), 1 point. The reliability coefficient of the instrument was 0.89 while it had content validity and language appropriateness. Six research Assistants were used by the researcher to administer copies of the instrument on the respondents in colleges of education, polytechnics and universities. The mean and standard deviation were used to analyse the data, items 1 &amp;ndash; 20. The One &amp;ndash; Way Analysis of Variance (ANOVA) was used to test the hypothesis. One of the findings revealed that, there is prevalence of substance abuse among students in colleges of education, polytechnics and universities. Another finding showed that, there is significant difference among students in colleges of education, polytechnics and universities in the prevalence of substance abuse. Some of the recommendations include; the government should formulate laws to guide the consumption of different substances in Nigeria so as to prevent abuse, Authorities of Higher Education Institutions should sensitize students on the dangers of substance abuse through the use of posters and handbills.

Prevalence of depression, anxiety, and substance-related disorders in parents of children with cerebral palsy: a systematic review.

To estimate the prevalence of mental illness in parents of children with cerebral palsy (CP). This is a systematic review that follows the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis Protocols in the search for observational studies determining the prevalence of depression, anxiety, and substance abuse in parents of individuals with CP. The information sources used for this study were: PubMed, SciELO, Cochrane Library, Clinical Trials, and Biblioteca Virtual de Saúde. Fourteen articles were selected and included, investigating 1264 mothers and 105 fathers of children with CP. Data extracted for analysis were divided into three categories: study data, data about participants with CP, and data about parents. All studies included volunteer parents, of whom 95 per cent were female. CP is related to a higher prevalence of symptoms of depression and anxiety in parents. Factors such as a child's degree of functionality and socioeconomic level may influence the frequency of mental disorders in parents. However, these studies have heterogeneous samples and applied different criteria to characterize their populations. Depression and anxiety are more prevalent for parents of children with cerebral palsy (CP) than parents of typically developing children. The child's illness severity is a risk factor for mental illness in parents of children with CP. The more time spent on child care, the higher the risk of mental illness among mothers of children with CP. There is a lack of reliable data in the literature on substance abuse in parents of children with CP.

Prevalence of substance abuse among students of SMS Medical College Jaipur, Rajasthan

Prevalence of substance abuse among students of SMS Medical College Jaipur, Rajasthan

Pengaruh Dukungan Teman Dan Keluarga Terhadap Perilaku Pencegahan Penggunaan Napza Remaja

Drug abuse in Surabaya is one of the problems that is quite high. These problems often occur at the age of 10-19 years which is the age groups of student. Drug abuse prevalence in Surabaya city is 0,012%. Teenagers who use drugs abuse in 2013 were 29 students, it was 37 students in 2014 and increase up to 51 students in 2015. Factors that cause adolescents to use abuse drugs are family and friends. Family are factors that have great influence in the child’s learning process. This is because children interact more with their family than with people at schoool. While for friends, interaction between oneself and peer is direct that occurs between individuals and individuals with groups. The contact involve children who have similar characteristics and at the same age level. The purpose of this research was to determina the effect of friend and family support on the behavior of drug use prevention of adolescents in Surabaya. This article is based on the results of research that conducted on junior high school students in Surabaya. The study used a quantitative approach method with observasional types. Sampling in this research use a total sampling technique that is as many as 77 adolescent respondents. Independent variables from this research are family and friend support. While the dependent variable is the behavior of drug use prevention. The results of this research are an influence between family support for drug use prevention (p= 0,031). While for friend support has an influence on the behavior of drug use prevention by (p=0,012). The conclusion in this research is that the characteristics of respondents are dominated by female gender. Respondents have a dominant age that is 13 years old. Research on respondents stated that both variables have an influence on drug use behavior for adolescents.

SUBSTANCE ABUSE AMONG IMMIGRANT CONSTRUCTION WORKERS

Background: Substance abuse can simply be defined as a pattern of harmful use of any substance for mood-altering purposes. "Substances" can include alcohol and other drugs (illegal or not) as well as some substances that are not drugs at all.&#x0D; Methods: This cross sectional study was conducted among the migrant workers working in Bikaner Rajasthan, over the time duration of 3 months. All migrant laborers above the age group of 18 years were included in the study. Data was collected from ante-natal register using Predesigned, pretested, validated and structured proforma.&#x0D; Result: In our study prevalence of substance abuse was found to be among 84.00% of participants. 44.8% of the study participants were consuming alcohol, 50.2% of the study participants were chewing tobacco.&#x0D; Conclusion: The result of the present study suggests that substance abuse among migrant workers was very high. Policy makers must pay extra attention to the health of migrants by implementing safety measures and organizing intense behaviour change communication.&#x0D; Keywords: Alcohol, Smoking, immigrant construction workers

Use of Secukinumab in a Cohort of Erythrodermic Psoriatic Patients: A Pilot Study

Erythrodermic psoriasis (EP) is a dermatological emergency and its treatment with secukinumab is still controversial. Furthermore, no data exist regarding the prognostic value of drug abuse in such a condition. We performed a multi-center, international, retrospective study, enrolling a sample of EP patients (body surface area > 90%) who were treated with secukinumab (300 mg) during the study period from December 2015 to December 2018. Demographics and clinical data were collected. Drug abuses were screened and, specifically, smoking status (packages/year), cannabis use (application/week) and alcoholism—tested with the Alcohol Use Disorders Identification Test (AUDIT)—were assessed. All patients were followed for up to 52 weeks. We enrolled 13 EP patients, nine males, and four females, with a median age of 40 (28–52) years. Patients naïve to biologic therapy were 3/13. Regarding drug use, seven patients had a medium-high risk of alcohol addiction, three used cannabis weekly, and seven were smokers with a pack/year index of 295 (190–365). The response rate to secukinumab was 10/13 patients with a median time to clearance of three weeks (1.5–3). No recurrences were registered in the 52-week follow-up and a Psoriasis Area Severity Index (PASI) score of 90 was achieved. The entire cohort of non-responders (n = 3) consumed at least two drugs of abuse (alcohol, smoking or cannabis). Non-responders were switched to ustekinumab and obtained a PASI 100 in 24 weeks. However, given our observed number of patients using various drugs in combination with secukinumab in EP, further studies are needed to ascertain drug abuse prevalence in a larger EP cohort. Secukinumab remains a valid, effective and safe therapeutic option for EP.

Prevalence of Substance Abuse Among High School Students in Hamedan, Iran in 2015

Prevalence of Substance Abuse Among High School Students in Hamedan, Iran in 2015