Prevalence Of Pseudoexfoliation Research Articles

STUDY OF CLINICAL PROFILE OF PSEUDO-EXFOLIATION SYNDROME AND PSEUDO-EXFOLIATION CATARACT IN A TERTIARY HEALTH CARE HOSPITAL IN WESTERN ODISHA

Objective: The pseudo-exfoliation (PEX) syndrome is a complex disorder characterized by the deposition of fibrillary materials around the blood vessels of organs. This study was conducted with the aim of knowing the actual prevalence of PEX in Western Odisha and the characteristics of cataracts in those PEX patients. Methods: This cross-sectional study included 340 OPD patients and was conducted between January 1, 2021, and December 31, 2022, at Hitech Medical College and Hospital. The prevalence of PEX and cataracts was studied. The data was analyzed using basic descriptive statistics and reported in frequencies and percentages. Results: The study showed 74 patients out of 340 were diagnosed with pseudoexfoliation syndrome, with a prevalence of 23%. 42 patients (58%) were male and 32 (42%) were female, with a M: F ratio of 1.3:1. The mean age of presentation was 67 y (range 51–84 y), and the majority of patients (41%) were in the age group of 61–70 y. The increased intraocular pressure was noticed in 11 cases (15%) in our study. Two patients each had open-angle glaucoma and lens-induced glaucoma. Nuclear cataract was the most common type of cataract observed in 27% of the study group, followed by cortical cataract with nuclear sclerosis in 19% of cases. Conclusion: It is concluded that pseudo-exfoliation syndrome is more common in males than in females, with a higher number of patients in the age group of 81 y and older. Therefore, it can be assumed that it is associated with the age factor. Nuclear cataract was the most common type of cataract observed in our study population.

Prevalence and surgical complications of pseudoexfoliation syndrome among rural population presenting with senile cataract in South India

Purpose The aim of this study was to evaluate the prevalence of pseudoexfoliation (PEX) among patients presenting with cataract in rural South India and to assess the perioperative complications encountered during cataract surgery. Patients and methods This prospective, observational, cross-sectional study was conducted at the Department of Ophthalmology, East Point College of Medical Sciences and Research Centre, Bangalore, India. A total of 2708 patients with senile cataract attending the camps conducted by the department were selected for the study. Patients aged between 50 and 90 years, planned for cataract surgery were consecutively included and a complete ophthalmic evaluation was done for the presence of PEX. The complications encountered during cataract surgery were noted and assessed. Results The study included 4390 phakic eyes of 2708 patients. The prevalence of PEX, observed in this study population, was 4.62%. The mean age of the patients with PEX was 67±7.5 years, with 66.4% of the patients being males and 33.6% being females. Unilateral involvement was observed in 63.2% of the patients, whereas 36.8% had bilateral PEX. The mean pupillary dilation was 5.2±1.01 mm in the patients diagnosed with PEX. The presence of nondilating pupils was statistically significantly higher (P=0.000) in the PEX group compared to the non-PEX patients. Increased preoperative intraocular pressure was observed in 22.4% of the PEX patients. Vitreous loss (in 7.2%), zonular dehiscence (in 6.4%), and intraocular lens decentration (in 4.8%) were the most encountered complications with a statistically significant higher occurrence in the PEX group (P<0.05). In addition, capsular rent was observed in 1.6% of the PEX cases. Conclusion The prevalence of PEX among patients presenting with cataract in this South Indian study was similar to other published Indian studies. There were comparable rates of complications in cataract surgery among the PEX patients to the existing literature.

Commentary on: Prevalence of pseudoexfoliation in diabetic patients with senile cataract: A hospital-based study in Kashmir, India.

Commentary on: Prevalence of pseudoexfoliation in diabetic patients with senile cataract: A hospital-based study in Kashmir, India.

Prevalence of Pseudoexfoliation Among Adults and Its Related Ophthalmic Variables in Southern Ethiopia: A Cross-Sectional Study.

A community-based study was conducted to determine the prevalence and sociodemographic factors of pseudoexfoliation syndrome among adults in Southern Ethiopia. A community-based cross-sectional study was conducted among subjects aged 40 years or older. Subjects underwent standardized examination, including portable slit-lamp biomicroscopy before and after pupillary dilatation, and intraocular pressure measurement using Tono-Pen. Pseudoexfoliation was diagnosed on slit-lamp examination by the presence of white dandruff-like material on the pupillary margin and/or on the anterior lens capsule of one or both eyes. Among 760 participants, the prevalence of pseudoexfoliation was 12.0% (95% confidence interval: 9.7-14.3%). The mean age of pseudoexfoliation cases was 63.9 years (SD 9.96, age range 40-90 years). The prevalence increased with increasing age, with 26.9% of those 60 or older affected. Slightly higher proportion of males (12.4%) were found to have pseudoexfoliation in either of the eyes than females (11.6%) which was not statistically significant (p = 0.738). Mean IOP in subjects with pseudoexfoliation was found to be 20.65 ± 5.15 mmHg, while it was 15.0 ± 2.3 mmHg for those without pseudoexfoliation. The difference between the two populations was found to be statistically significant (P < 0.05). The prevalence of pseudoexfoliation in eyes of people in Southern Ethiopia appears greater than that reported in other places of Africa and Asia. Pseudoexfoliation occurs at a relatively younger age in our population. Increasing age is associated with the presence of pseudoexfoliation, and pseudoexfoliation in turn is associated with higher intraocular pressure.

OCULAR CLINICAL PROFILE OF PATIENTS WITH PSEUDOEXFOLIATION SYNDROME AND PSEUDOEXFOLIATION GLAUCOMA AT TERTIARY CARE CENTRE IN KASHMIR

Aim: To study the clinical profile of pseudoexfoliation (PEX) syndrome and Pseudoexfoliation glaucoma at tertiary care centre in Kashmir. Materials and Methods: A cross sectional study consisting of 100 PEX and 100 PEXG patiens, attending the general ophthalmology clinic of a tertiary care center in kashmir. All patients underwent a complete ophthalmologic evaluation including recording IOP,gonioscopy and Central Corneal Thickness(CCT). Results: The study cohort comprised 200 patients(100 with PEX and 100 with PEXG). There were 145(72.5) males and 55(27.5%) females. The highest number of patients (120 patients) were from the age group between 61 and 70years. 145(72.5%) patients were involved in outdoor activities.153(76.5%) patients had bilateral involvement of pseudoexfoliationand pseudoexfoliative material was present at anterior lens capsule in 175(49.58%) eyes. Nuclear cataract was predominant type of cataract and was present in 188(48.2%)eyes. Mean IOP was 17.26±7.634mmHg in PEX group and 24.39±4.456mmHg in PEXG group. Gonioscopyshowed open angles in 96.5% of eyes and occludable in 3.5% eyes . Mean central corneal thickness was 531.80±19.127μm. Conclusion: The prevalence of PEX is found to increase with age. Patients with PXG had more severity of optic nerve damage at presentation. Therefore a careful assessment for detection of PEX is warranted and regular follow-up of patients is desired to minimize the extent of optic nerve damage.

English

BACKGROUND Pseudoexfoliation (PEX) is a systemic microfibrillopathy characterised by accumulation of gray-white fibrogranular extracellular material over the lens, pupil or cornea. Different clinical variants of PEX in cataract patients are known to occur. We wanted to study the different clinical variants of PEX in cataract patients, the intraoperative and postoperative complications and the visual prognosis of cataract surgery. METHODS A total of 100 patients with PEX in cataract were subjected to detailed examination and necessary investigations. Cataract surgery was performed in all patients using the manual small incision cataract surgery (SICS). Vision before and after surgery was recorded. Refraction was done and documented. Best corrected visual acuity was noted and was followed-up postoperatively for 2 – 4 weeks. RESULTS Maximum prevalence of PEX (57 %) was seen in 51 - 60 years of age and 64 % were males and 36 % were females. The involvement was bilateral in 53 % and unilateral in 47 % cases. The range of intraocular pressure (IOP) was 12.4 mm Hg to 23.1 mm Hg. 67 % patients had insufficient mydriasis and 81 % cases were found to have PEX material deposited on the peripheral zone and 19 % cases on both peripheral zone and central zone. A total of 27 % cases had mature cataract and 7 % had hypermature cataract. CONCLUSIONS PEX requires a thorough preoperative planning along with a proper intraoperative care to ensure an uneventful surgery and a successful postoperative result. KEYWORDS Pseudoexfoliation, Mydriasis, Cataract

Prevalence of Pseudoexfoliation (PEX) Syndrome in Patients in East Libya: Hospital-based Study

Prevalence of Pseudoexfoliation (PEX) Syndrome in Patients in East Libya: Hospital-based Study

A study of clinical spectrum of pseudo exfoliation syndrome

Background: Pseudoexfoliation syndrome (PXS) is the most common identifiable cause of secondary glaucoma, the prevalence of which varies considerably among different (PXF) ethnicities. Pseudoexfoliation is a genetically inherited condition. The prevalence of pseudoexfoliation increases with age. It is a common condition in the elderly population. This study aimed to assess the prevalence of and complications in patients with pseudo-exfoliation. Methods: This is an observational study performed in a sample of 103 patients (112 eyes) with pseudo-exfoliation for one year from October 2017-September-2018. Patients visiting the Ophthalmology department, NRI General Hospital, Chinakakani were enrolled in this study. Detailed evaluation including ophthalmic and general history, slit lamp biomicroscope, intraocular pressure measurement, gonioscopy and detailed eye examination was performed in all patients. Results: A total of 103 patients were analyzed; the major age group was 71-80 (40.78%). Among the Male patients were found to be more (66.02%). Majority of the patients were affected unilaterally (91.26%) and remaining bilaterally (8.24%). On slit-lamp examination degranulation of pupillary ruff and pseudoexfoliation material on the anterior capsule of the lens were present in 59.82% and 52.70% whereas corneal endothelium pigments, iris transillumination defects and pigments on the anterior lens capsule were absent in 82.1%, 91.1% and 68.80% respectively. All the cases were identified with PXF material on pupillary margin of the iris. Majority of the patients (72.32%) had normal intraocular pressure. Glaucoma and ocular hypertension were seen in 20.53% and 7.14% of eyes. On gonioscopy, pseudoexfoliation material in the angle, pigments and sampaolesi’s line were identified in 27.7%, 63.4% and 43.80% respectively. Only 8.69% of eyes had 6/24 or better vision, while 8.69% had perception of light (PL) to No perception of light in PXF Glaucoma patients. Conclusion: The study concluded the need for early diagnosis and various complications involved in pseudoexfoliation.

Pseudoexfoliation and aortic aneurysm: a long-term follow-up study.

To study the relationship between pseudoexfoliation (PEX) and aortic aneurysm in a population with a high prevalence of PEX. Survival analyses were performed in a cohort of 735 residents aged 65-74years, examined in a population survey in the municipality of Tierp, Sweden, 1984-1986. To expand the sample size, 1040 people were recruited by means of glaucoma case records established at the Eye Department in Tierp in 1978-2007. In this way, the cohort comprised 1775 subjects, representing more than 25400 person-years at risk. Medical records and autopsy reports were reviewed to identify subjects diagnosed with aneurysm. Those with a follow-up time shorter than 1year were excluded. By the end of the study in September 2017, 60 new cases of aortic aneurysm had been found. Of these cases, 23% (14 subjects) were affected by PEX at baseline, compared with 28% among subjects without aneurysm. No association between PEX and aortic aneurysm was found (hazard ratio 0.97; 95% confidence interval 0.53-1.77). In this population-based study, we were unable to verify a relationship between PEX and the development of aortic aneurysm.

The Prevalence of Pseudoexfoliation and the Long-term Changes in Eyes With Pseudoexfoliation in a South Indian Population.

To report the prevalence, long-term changes and associated factors for pseudoexfoliation (PEX) in a population aged 40 years and above from rural and urban south India. At baseline (the Chennai Glaucoma Study), 7774 subjects were examined. After 6 years, as a part of the incidence study, 133 of the 290 subjects diagnosed with PEX at baseline were reexamined for long-term changes. Participants had detailed examination at base hospital. At baseline PEX was noted in 290 [3.73%, 95% confidence interval (CI), 3.3-4.2] subjects. It was associated with glaucoma in 24 (8.3%), ocular hypertension (OHT) in 21 (7.2%), and occludable angles in 24 (8.3%) subjects. The age-adjusted and sex-adjusted prevalence was 3.41% (95% CI, 3.39-3.43). Increasing age was a significant associated factor. Using the 40- to 49-year age group as a reference, the odds ratio increased from 8.4 (95% CI, 4.1-17.1) for the 50- to 59-year age group to 51.2 (95% CI, 25.8-101.6) for the 70 years and above age group. Other associated factors were rural residence (P<0.001), higher intraocular pressure (P<0.001), cataract (P<0.001), being underweight (P=0.01), manual labor (P=0.03), and aphakia (P<0.001). Of the 133 subjects reexamined, 8 (6.0%) subjects developed glaucoma and all had OHT at baseline. Rates of cataract surgery were (P<0.001) higher in subjects with PEX. Prevalence of PEX was higher in rural population and baseline OHT was a significant factor for conversion to glaucoma.

Pseudoexfoliation syndrome in chronic kidney disease patients

This study was performed to determine whether chronic kidney disease (CKD) is associated with an increased risk of pseudoexfoliation (PEX) syndrome. This is an age-matched case control study evaluating frequency of PEX in patients over age 40 with the diagnosis of stage 1–4 CKD and those undergoing hemodialysis (HD). Subjects over age 40 with hypertension and/or diabetes mellitus (DM) and normal kidney functions were studied as a control group. CKD was diagnosed as decreased glomerular filtration rate (GFR) of less than 60 mL/min/1.73 m2 for at least 3 months. Study groups were arranged as group 1 consisting of HD receiving CKD patients, group 2 consisting of CKD patients who do not need HD and group 3 as a control. Demographic properties and the prevalence of PEX were evaluated and compared between groups. Because of the effect of DM on PEX occurrence, it was also evaluated after exclusion of diabetic patients. A total of 101 cases in group 1, 106 cases in group 2 and 117 cases in group 3 were included in the study. Pseudoexfoliation was found in 7 (6.9%) patients in group 1, 5 (4.7%) patients in group 2 and 7 (5.9%) patients in group 3 (p > 0.05). After exclusion of diabetic patients the prevalence of PEX changed as 4 (5.6%) in group 1, 2 (4.4%) in group 2 and 1 (1.8%) in group 3 (p > 0.05). In conclusion, CKD was not associated with increased prevalence of PEX in this study.

Characteristics of Pseudoexfoliation in the Thessaloniki Eye Study

To report on the prevalence of pseudoexfoliation (PEX) and its association with ophthalmic characteristics and systemic diseases in a well-defined population. The Thessaloniki Eye study is a cross-sectional population-based study of chronic eye diseases in Thessaloniki, Greece. Participants with PEX were identified by clinical examination and were compared with those without PEX with regards to ophthalmic characteristics and systemic diseases, after adjusting for age and sex. PEX was found in 11.9% of the 2261 clinic-visit participants. Participants with PEX, compared with those without, had higher intraocular pressure, larger vertical cup-to-disc ratio, and higher percentage with vertical cup-to-disc ratio asymmetry and optic disc damage. The proportion with glaucoma among pseudoexfoliative participants (15.2%) was higher than that for glaucoma among nonpseudoexfoliative participants (4.7%). After excluding glaucoma participants, the only difference was the 0.6 mm Hg higher intraocular pressure in participants with PEX. Compared with nonpseudoexfoliative eyes, the presence of PEX on iris only or on both iris and lens was associated with higher intraocular pressure, whereas the presence of PEX on lens only was not. PEX was not associated with any systemic disease. The prevalence of PEX in Greece is relatively high compared with other white populations. PEX was associated with higher intraocular pressure and higher percentage with optic disc damage, secondary to the higher proportion with glaucoma among pseudoexfoliative participants than among nonpseudoexfoliative participants. In nonglaucoma participants, eyes with PEX had only slightly higher intraocular pressure, but this was not observed in eyes with PEX on lens only.

Late dislocation of in-the-bag and out-of-the bag intraocular lenses: Ocular and surgical characteristics and time to lens repositioning

To characterize patients with late intraocular lens (IOL) dislocation to evaluate possible risk factors, determine the time between cataract surgery and IOL repositioning, describe the surgical management, and estimate the incidence. Department of Ophthalmology, Sahlgrenska University Hospital, Mölndal, Sweden. Case series. Medical records from the cataract surgery and IOL repositioning were reviewed. The study enrolled 84 eyes, 63 with in-the-bag IOL dislocation and 21 with out-of-the-bag IOL dislocation. The prevalence of pseudoexfoliation (PXF) was 60% and of glaucoma, 36%. A high proportion of eyes with IOL dislocation (37%) had zonular dehiscence at cataract surgery. The median time from cataract surgery to IOL repositioning surgery was significantly shorter in eyes with out-of-the-bag IOL dislocation (3.2 years) than in eyes with in-the-bag IOL dislocation (6.7 years) (P = .029). The interval was also significantly shorter in eyes with zonular dehiscence. Using data from the National Cataract Register, the calculated incidence of IOL repositioning surgery per pseudophakic individuals in western Sweden was 0.050%. The possible major predisposing factors for late IOL dislocation were PXF, glaucoma, and cataract surgery complicated by zonular dehiscence. Primary placement of the IOL in the ciliary sulcus was associated with earlier IOL dislocation. Intraocular lens repositioning surgery using a posterior or anterior approach was successful in many cases. FINANCIAL

Pseudoexfoliation as a risk factor for prevalent open‐angle glaucoma

To estimate the risk of open-angle glaucoma (OAG) associated with exposure to pseudoexfoliation (PEX) and increased intraocular pressure (IOP). In 1984-86, a cross-sectional, population-based survey was conducted in the municipality of Tierp, central Sweden. Its target population comprised 2429 residents aged 65-74 years. In addition to a sample of 760 people, patients previously diagnosed with glaucoma were examined. The prevalence of OAG in the target population was estimated from the prevalence in the sample and patients already diagnosed. A review of prevalent cases in 1984-86 was undertaken in 2006. Definite OAG was established in 77 cases, corresponding to a prevalence of 5.3% (95% confidence interval [CI] 4.4-6.2). Of these, 23 represented newly detected cases. The prevalence of PEX was 17.2% (95% CI 14.6-19.9), calculated from 134 cases in the population sample. When adjusting for gender, PEX was associated with a 4.7-fold (95% CI 2.2-9.4) increased risk of OAG. For clinical cases only, the risk was 16-fold (95% CI 4.8-56) greater in subjects with PEX, compared with those without PEX. In individuals without a previous diagnosis of glaucoma, an IOP > or = 20 mmHg was associated with a 9.7-fold (95% CI 3.7-27) increased risk, but PEX alone was not a risk factor for OAG (adjusted odds ratio = 0.96). Pseudoexfoliation was associated with OAG only in people previously diagnosed with the disease. In cases detected in the population-based survey, increased IOP was a serious risk factor.

Incidence and prevalence of pseudoexfoliations and open‐angle glaucoma in northern Sweden: II. Results after 21 years of follow‐up

To prospectively evaluate the prevalence and incidence of pseudoexfoliation (PEX) syndrome and open-angle glaucoma (OAG) with and without PEX and to evaluate PEX as a risk factor for glaucoma in a population born in 1915 and living in the municipality of Skellefteå in northern Sweden. A randomized population study comprising 339 individuals. The cohort was followed for 21 years at 7 year intervals. The examination included tonometry, dilated slit-lamp biomicroscopy, optic disc evaluation and, if glaucoma was suspected, a visual field analysis. The prevalence of PEX increased from 23%[95% confidence interval (CI): 20-26] at 66 years of age to 61% (CI 50-71) at 87 years. The annual incidence of PEX was 1.8% (CI 1.3-2.4). In the group of subjects with unilateral PEX, 55% converted to bilateral PEX during follow-up. The prevalence of OAG was 2.1% (CI 0.8-4.3%) at 66 years of age and 25% (CI 16-35) at 87 years. Of the glaucoma cases, 59% had PEX. There was no difference in incidence between the sexes. The annual incidence of PEX and OAG did not increase with time. The overall annual incidence of OAG was 0.9% (CI 0.6-1.3%) [0.5% (CI 0.2-0.9) without PEX and 2.1% (CI 1.2-3.3) with PEX]. PEX increased the risk of glaucoma four fold in both sexes. There was no significant difference in mortality between individuals with or without PEX. PEX syndrome and OAG are common in the north of Sweden. Prevalences increase with age. PEX increases the risk of glaucoma four fold. The consequences of this situation demand guidelines for handling patients with PEX, with or without other risk factors. In order to issue guidelines, more information is needed on the impact of the disease on the general health in the ageing population.

Cataract patients with pseudoexfoliation (PEX) syndrome among a population with high prevalence of PEX

Cataract patients with pseudoexfoliation (PEX) syndrome among a population with high prevalence of PEX

Patients with secondary open-angle glaucoma in pseudoexfoliation (PEX) syndrome among a population with high prevalence of PEX

Patients with secondary open-angle glaucoma in pseudoexfoliation (PEX) syndrome among a population with high prevalence of PEX

Pseudoexfoliation in Southern India: The Andhra Pradesh Eye Disease Study

To report the prevalence of pseudoexfoliation (PXF) and its associations with ocular diseases in a south Indian population. This was a population-based, cross-sectional epidemiologic study in the south Indian state of Andhra Pradesh (AP). A total of 10,293 subjects of all ages from one urban and three rural areas representative of the population of AP were interviewed and underwent a comprehensive ophthalmic evaluation. PXF was diagnosed on slit lamp biomicroscopy by the presence of white dandruff-like material in the pupillary margin, on the trabecular meshwork, and/or on the anterior lens capsule of one or both eyes. The age-gender-area-adjusted overall prevalence of PXF was 0.69% (95% CI: 0.53-0.86). The prevalence of PXF increased with increasing age: 3.01% (95% CI: 2.45-3.80), in those 40 years of age or older, and 6.28% (95% CI: 4.80-7.76), in those 60 years of age or older. The prevalence of PXF was significantly higher among people whose occupation involved outdoor activities (adjusted odds ratio [OR], 2.14; 95% CI: 1.10-4.16). After adjustment for age, the prevalence of PXF was significantly higher in those with nuclear cataract (adjusted OR, 2.00; 95% CI: 1.13-3.54). PXF was significantly associated with blindness (adjusted OR, 2.19; 95% CI: 1.16-4.13). Fifteen (20.5%; 95% CI: 11.20-29.80) of those with PXF were blind, with age-adjusted relative risk (RR) = 4.25 (95% CI: 4.01-4.51). Unilateral blindness (41.2%; 95% CI: 29.81-52.39) and visual impairment (45.21%; 95% CI: 34.29-57.13) were also more common with PXF. Four subjects (5.5%; 95% CI: 0.27-10.2) of those with PXF had glaucoma. The prevalence of PXF in those with glaucoma was 4.2%; (95% CI: 0.17-8.23). In general linear models, the estimated mean +/- SE of IOP with glaucoma and PXF was 24.14 +/- 1.41 mm Hg and was 18.94 +/- 0.26 mm Hg with glaucoma in the absence of PXF; the difference was statistically significant (P < 0.0001). The association of PXF with blindness and aging has public health implications for India. This is especially so considering the burden of cataract with aging and the association of PXF with cataract as well as complications of cataract surgery. The diagnosis of PXF may also be important in the management of glaucoma in this population.

Prevalence of open-angle glaucoma in Iceland: Reykjavik Eye Study.

To establish the age- and sex-specific prevalence of open-angle glaucoma (OAG) subsuming pseudoexfoliation (PEX) in the city of Reykjavik. Participants 50 years of age and older who were part of the Reykjavik Eye Study and classified as having glaucoma were divided into three categories:Category 1: two or more of the following based on optic nerve stereophotograph reading: vertical cup to disc ratio (VCDR) 97.5th percentile (>0.7), focal glaucomatous disc change, C/D asymmetry of 97.5th percentile difference between eyes (>0.2) as well as glaucomatous visual field defect (GVFD). Category 2: 99.5th percentile of VCDR (>0.8) and 99.5% percentile difference between eyes (>/=0.3), without a GVFD. Category 3: VA<3/60 and IOP>99.5th percentile or VA <3/60 and evidence of filtering surgery. For a glaucoma suspect, one of the following was present: VCDR>99.5th percentile (>0.8), focal glaucomatous disc change, C/D asymmetry of 99.5th percentile (> or =0.3), GVFD only, IOP> or =23 mmHg (97.5 percentile). PEX was diagnosed by the presence of a central shield and/or a peripheral band on the anterior lens capsule. Of 42 persons (22 males and 20 females) with OAG, 13 (31.0%) had PEX. The minimum prevalence of OAG was 4.0% (42/1045) (95% CI 2.8-5.2) for those 50 years and older and 10.3% (95% CI 8.5-12.2) for PEX. The prevalence of OAG increases with age (OR=1.10/year, 95% CI 1.07-1.13, P=0.000) and the same applies for the prevalence of PEX, OR=1.10 (95% CI 1.07-1.12, P=0.000). There is a 10% annual increase for both OAG and PEX in persons 50 years and older.

Presence of pseudoexfoliation on clear and opacified crystalline lenses in an aged population.

Pseudoexfoliation (PEX) of the lens capsule is a well-known risk factor for open-angle glaucoma. Its prevalence is known to increase by age in the same way as prevalence of age-dependent cataract. In the present paper the prevalence of PEX varied from 8.5 to 13.2% increasing by age. Lens opacities were statistically significantly more common in PEX-positive than PEX-negative eyes. The importance of detecting exfoliation from the lens surface is discussed.