Prevalence Of Primary Dysmenorrhea Research Articles

The prevalence of primary dysmenorrhea among students and its association with musculoskeletal and myofascial pain

ObjectivesTo examine the association between dysmenorrhea and musculoskeletal pain amongst university students aged 20–35 and the association between dysmenorrhea and the occurrence of MTrPs. MethodsThe study comprised two stages: a cross-sectional study evaluated the association between dysmenorrhea and musculoskeletal pain and a case-control study evaluated the association between dysmenorrhea and the occurrence of MTrPs in the abdominal and pelvic area. Initially, questionnaires such as demographics, menstruation characteristics, Numeric Pain Rating Scale (NPRS), measuring the average pain during menstruation and Nordic, were distributed to female students. Twenty subjects who suffered from menstrual pain of >3 on the NPRS (ones with the highest scores) were included in the second stage as cases. An additional 20 who had not suffered from menstrual pain (NPRS ≤3) were considered controls. All 40 subjects underwent an assessment of MTrPs by two examiners blinded to each other's results and to the group allocation of the subjects. ResultsWe found that dysmenorrhea is a very prevalent condition among young female students. Most frequent complaints were: lower abdomen and back pain, tiredness, breast tenderness, mood changes, and an increased appetite. Pain during menstruation indicated a significant positive association with neck, low back, and hip/thigh pain during the last 12 months. The results of the palpitation conclusively showed more active MTrPs in the rectus abdominis, quadratus lumborum and paraspinal muscles in women suffering from pain during menstruation than in those who were not in pain. ConclusionOur data provide an initial basis for the inclusion of a myofascial examination when evaluating women with dysmenorrhea.

Prevalence and Associated Factors of Primary Dysmenorrhea Among Debre Tabor University Students, North Central Ethiopia

Primary dysmenorrhea is a painful menstrual cramp without any evident pathology to account for them. It is the most common gynecologic disorders and frequently observed cause of anxiety and discomfort among female adolescents. The aim of this study was to determine the prevalence of primary dysmenorrhea, its effect on academic performance and factors associated among Debre Tabor University students. An Institution based cross-sectional study was conducted between March and June, 2017. A total of 183 regular students from all departments at Debre Tabor University were included. Structured and pretested self-administrated questionnaires were used. Descriptive statistics and logistic regression analyses were employed. The result indicated the prevalence of primary dysmenorrhea was 62.3%. Among them students with primary dysmenorrhea 67 (58.7%) had negative effect on their daily activities. Family history of dysmenorrhea (AOR=2.930 95%CI: 1.505, 5.707), early age of menarche 12-15 (AOR=4.072, 95% CI. 2.039) and menstrual cycle irregularity (AOR=2.262, 95% CI: 1.102, 4,643) were factors that significantly contributed to the presence of primary dysmenorrhea. Prevalence of primary dysmenorrhea among Debre Tabor University student was high. It has negative effect on daily activities and academic performances of the students. Family history of dysmenorrhea, early age of menarche and menstrual cycle irregularity are factors that significantly contributed to the presence of primary dysmenorrhea among students of Debre Tabor University. Thus appropriate medical management and counseling should be considered to engage students in physical activity.

Prevalence of primary dysmenorrhea and its relationship with body mass index.

To identify the association between primary dysmenorrhea (PD) and body mass index (BMI). This cross sectional study was conducted on 370 female students (aged 18-25 years) of Immam Abdulrahman Bin Faisal University Dammam, from March 2016 till March 2017. Pretested dysmenorrhea questionnaire was filled by the students. Weight and heights of the subjects were measured, and BMI was calculated. Based on BMI, subjects were divided into four groups (underweight [UW], normal weight, overweight and obese [OB]). Subjects were also categorized into mild, moderate and severe dysmenorrhic groups based on numeric pain relating scale. SPSS version 20.0 was used to analyze the data. This study showed that 85.7% of the students were suffering from PD, out of which 12.7% had mild, 65.6% had moderate and 8.4% had severe dysmenorrhea. In total, 54.5% of the students mentioned that dysmenorrhea interferes with their daily activities. Whereas 55.8% of the students mentioned that they got pain relief by using non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs. Pair wise comparison of dysmenorrhea between different BMI groups showed a statistically significant difference in the frequency of moderate and severe dysmenorrhea between UW and OB subjects (P values 0.003 and 0.06) respectively, indicating that UW females are at a higher risk of having PD. This study indicates a higher prevalence of moderate and severe dysmenorrhea in UW as compared to the OB subjects. We recommend further studies to explore the underlying pathophysiological mechanisms responsible for this association.

Association of primary dysmenorrhea with anthropometrical and socio-economic factors in Polish university students.

To examine the prevalence and factors correlated with primary dysmenorrhea in young female subjects. Cross-sectional research was conducted among 1305 female university students aged 19-25 years. The following measurements were taken: height, body mass, waist circumference, hip circumference, the length of index and ring finger. A questionnaire was used to obtain information on menstrual pains, the characteristics of the menstrual cycles (regularity, duration), the number of the days of menstrual bleeding, age at menarche, overall health and socio-economic status of the subjects. The prevalence of primary dysmenorrhea (PD) in the group was 64.85%, of which 69.60% reported mild pain, and 30.40% moderate and severe pain. PD occurs more frequently both in women with excess and insufficient level of abdominal adiposity. PD occurred more frequently in women who experience first menstruation at earlier age than in women with average and late age at menarche. The prevalence of PD grew along with mother's education and fell along with father's education. Painful menstruations occurred most commonly in women from large families. The impact of the age at menarche and the presence of abnormal body mass and abnormal level of abdominal adiposity on the prevalence of painful menstruation was also confirmed by the results of logistic regression analysis. The risk of PD is the highest in women whose finger 4 is longer than finger 2. The results suggest that healthy body mass and lack of abdominal obesity may reduce the risk of PD.

Prevalence of Primary Dysmenorrhea among Secondary School Students and Its Treatment Modalities in Fayed City

Background: Primary dysmenorrhea is a common problem of adolescent girls. It has a high prevalence in Egypt so it is important to evaluate the prevalence of dysmenorrhea and the treatment modalities used to alleviate it. Objective: To evaluate the prevalence of primary dysmenorrhea and its treatment modalities. Methods: This cross-sectional study was conducted on 95 students at four secondary schools in Fayed city from October to November 2017.Data were collected using a predesigned self-administered questionnaire and pain severity was measured by NRS. Results: The prevalence of primary dysmenorrhea was (62%) and most of them had moderate pain (74.6%). There was a low rate of doctor consultation (11.9%). Also, 67.8% of students took Analgesics and 40.7% used complementary (hot water bottles, abdominal massage and hot herbal fluids) to alleviate menstrual pain. Conclusion: The prevalence of dysmenorrhea was high among female students in Fayed city and most of them used over the counter (OTC), analgesics and complementary methods to alleviate pain. Dysmenorrhea is strongly associated with some bad habits. It is important to spread awareness about the causes and treatment of dysmenorrhea to avoid undue sufferings.

Primary dysmenorrhea magnitude, associated risk factors, and its effect on academic performance: evidence from female university students in Ethiopia.

BackgroundPrimary dysmenorrhea (PD) is the most common gynecologic compliant among adolescent females. There is a wide variation in the estimate of PD, which ranges from 50% to 90%, and the disorder is the most common cause of work and school absenteeism in adolescent females.ObjectiveTo assess the prevalence and associated risk factors of PD among female university students and understand its effects on students’ academic performance.MethodsA cross-sectional study was employed in 440 research participants. A multistage stratified sampling technique was employed to select the study units. Structured and pretested self-administered questionnaires were used and weight and height measurements were conducted. The severity of dysmenorrheal pain was assessed by using a verbal multidimensional scoring system and visual analog scale. The data were double entered in Epi Info version 3.1 and analyzed using SPSS version 17. Descriptive statistics, chi-square test, and logistic regression analysis were performed.ResultsA total of 440 students participated in this study. The prevalence of PD was 368 (85.4%). Of these, 123 (28.5%) had mild, 164 (38.1%) moderate, and 81 (18.8%) severe primary dysmenorrheal pain. Among students with PD, 88.3% reported that PD had a negative effect on their academic performance. Of these, 80% reported school absence, 66.8% reported loss of class concentration, 56.3% reported class absence, 47.4% reported loss of class participation, 37.8% reported limited sport participation, 31.7% reported limitation in going out with friends, and 21% reported inability to do homework. Based on the multivariate logistic regression, PD was statistically significant with those who had lower monthly stipends, a history of attempt to lose weight, a history of depression or anxiety, disruption of social network of family, friends or people they love, who consumed more than four glasses of tea per day, who drunk one or more Coca-Cola or Pepsi per day, in nullipara, and students with a family history of dysmenorrhea.ConclusionPD is more prevalent among female students attending university. It has a significant negative impact on students’ academic performance. Thus, it needs medical attention. There are various identified associated risk factors and considering them in the management of the disorder is fundamental. It is also wise to recommend future studies to better identify risk factors for PD and lighten its effect on students’ academic performance at a larger scale in the country.

Prevalence of Primary Dysmenorrhea and Factors Associated with its Intensity among Undergraduate Students: A Cross-Sectional Study

Prevalence of Primary Dysmenorrhea and Factors Associated with its Intensity among Undergraduate Students: A Cross-Sectional Study

Primary Dysmenorrhea in the Schools of Parakou: Prevalence, Impact and Therapeutic Approach

Objective: Assess prevalence, associated factors, impact of primary dysmenorrhea and therapeutic approach available for Parakou high schools facing primary dysmenorrhea. Method: It is a cross-sectional, descriptive and analytical study carried out through a survey from 25 May to 30 August, 2014 among 425 girl students from public high schools in the town of Parakou. Probabilistic sampling served as research tool and information was collected using a self-administered questionnaire. Findings: Prevalence of primary dysmenorrhea was 78.35% with 95% CI [74.07% – 82.11%]. It was light in 33.3% of the cases; moderate in 37.8% and severe in 28.8%. Irritability and fatigue were the most associated signs respectively in 60.1% and 51.6% of the cases. Dysmenorrhea was significantly associated with adolescents’ age and family history of dysmenorrhea. Absenteeism in class was noted in 30% of the cases, declining concentration in 63.7% of the cases and participation to sports activities in 55% of the cases. Among the students suffering from dysmenorrhea 11% consulted a medical doctor for pain relief and 89% used either self-medication (68%) or traditional medicine (21%). Complementary treatments were performed and consisted of hot baths (29%), rest (67%), and scarifications (9%). Conclusion: Prevalence of dysmenorrhea in the schools is high in Parakou. It requires a particular attention for lack of information impacts on its persistent under-treatment.

Prevalence of Primary Dysmenorrhea and Factors Associated with Its Intensity Among Undergraduate Students: A Cross-Sectional Study

Primary dysmenorrhea is a womanhood problem around the world and negatively affects quality of life. This study was designed to investigate the prevalence of primary dysmenorrhea and to determine the factors associated with its intensity. A cross-sectional study was carried out among 311 undergraduate female students aged 18 to 27 years in Isfahan University of Medical Sciences, Iran. Socio-demographic characteristics and menstrual factors were obtained through interviews with the help of a pretested questionnaire. The prevalence of primary dysmenorrhea was 89.1%. Residing at home, younger age, lower number of years of formal education for the mother, positive family history of dysmenorrhea, higher severity of bleeding, and shorter menstrual period intervals were significantly associated with the higher intensity of primary dysmenorrhea. Primary dysmenorrhea is a common health concern among young women. Being aware of the factors that are associated with its intensity makes it possible for health professionals to organize better focused programs to reduce the adverse effects of dysmenorrhea.

Prevalence of Primary Dysmenorrhea along With irregular Periods

Aim: To study the incidence of primary dysmenorrhea and irregular menstrual cycle among Saveetha Dental College students. Objective: to know the prevalence of primary dysmenorrhea and irregular menstruation among Saveetha Dental College students. Back ground: Dysmenorrhea is often defined simply as menstrual pain or at least menstrual pain that is excessive. Primary dysmenorrhea is a medical condition of pain which is worst during first day of menstruation that interferes with daily activities. It is not associated with any pathological changes. Pain is believed to be ischemic due to spasm of the arteries. Irregular timing of periods along with pain (primary dysmenorrhea is a common problem for most girls. Primary dysmenorrhea indicates that ovulation has occurred. Soon after menarche the cycle will be without ovulation so there may not be primary dysmenorrhea. Prevalence of dysmenorrhea has been shown to be less in lower social classes. Treatment will improve the quality of life. Reason: The reason is to check the incidence and to explore the possible ways of treatment.

Complementary medicine and primary dysmenorrhea

Primary Dysmenorrhea and Complementary Medicine Ataollahi , M¹; Amir AliAkbari, S*² - Alumnus, Faculty of Nursing and Midwifery, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran . (-Lecturer, Dept. of Midwifery, Faculty of Nursing and Midwifery, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran. Abstract Background and objective: Dysmenorrhea is one of the most common gynecological complaints of women which interfers with daily activities and causes missing work and school. Complementary therapy is a safe , and reliable treatment for primary dysmenorrhea that its effectiveness has been showen in many studies. Considering the prevalence of primary dysmenorrhea and harmful side effects of some synthetic drugs, the present study aims to summarize the effect of complementary medicine on primary dysmenorrhea. Materials and Methods: A search for English and Persian literature published from (000 to (01 was conducted using key words : dysmenorrhea-primary dysmenorrhea ,complementary therpy and nonpharmachologic tetherapy from databases Pubmed, SID, Scirus and Elsevier .A total number of 30 publications were included in the review. Results: Complementary medicine includes the use of dietary supplements, vitamins, aroma therapy, herbal therapy, homeopathy, acupressure, sport and massage and is safe, affordable, and accessible. It has less side effects, acceptability and high tolerability and can replace highly morbid chemical agents. Conclusions: based on the findings of the present research and the high prevalence of dysmenorrhea, further studies on the side effects and benefits of complementary medicine and comparing the influence of complementary medicine with chemical drugs is mandatory. Keywords: primary dysmenorrhea, complementary medicine, herbs, pain reduction. *Corresponding Author: Sedigheh, Amir AliAkbari. Lecturer, Dept. of Midwifery, Faculty of Nursing and Midwifery, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran. E-mail: asa_akbari@yahoo.com

Prevalence of Primary Dysmenorrhea among the Undergraduate Medical Students and its Impact on their Performance in Study

Background: Primary dysmenorrhea is the most common gynaecological problem associated with menstruation among the adolescent girls. It represents the leading cause of periodic work absenteeism among that population. AimsO all the participants were given a questionnaire to complete: questions were related to menstruation elucidating variation in menstrual problems, history of dysmenorrhea&its severity (according to visual analogue scale) and absenteeism from college/class. Results: the prevalence of dysmenorrhea was 85.15%. Most of the girls (63.95%) had dysmenorrhea of grade 3-4 according to visual analogue scale and 70.93% girls did not take pain medication for it. College/class absenteeism was present in 10.47% girls having dysmenorrhea there was no significant association of dysmenorrhea with age of menarche, menstrual cycle regularity, BMI, blood groups and diet (vegetarian/nonvegetarian) (P> 0.05). Conclusion: Dysmenorrhea is highly prevalent among female medical students. It affects their quality of life. Maximum girls do not seek medical advice. The path of solution of this painful problem might be paved out by mental preparation and by appropriate change in life style like de-stressing the person through relaxation exercise, yoga and breathing exercises (pranayama)

Prevalence, impact and treatment of primary dysmenorrhea in workers of an Academic and Research Institute

Dysmenorrhea is one of the cyclical processes in chronic pelvic pain. Dysmenorrhea in women causes a high psychosocial and economic impact. For this reason, we conducted a study to assess the prevalence, impact and use of drugs for the treatment of dysmenorrhea among workers of an Educational and Research Institute. A prevalence of dysmenorrhea of 57.2% was found. About a half (49.4%) of women with dysmenorrhea reported that it limited their daily activities in 4.1 ± 2.4 cycles per year. 29.3% reported absenteeism by at least 2.7 ± 1.4 (range 1-5) cycles per year. Of the women with dysmenorrhea, only 34.9% consulted a doctor and the most prescribed drugs were over the counter medications with metamizol and butylscopolamine (25.0%), another medicine with paracetamol, pamabrom and pyrilamine (Syncol®, 16.7%) naproxen (12.5%) and mefenamic acid (12.5%). On the other hand, self-medication was practiced by 54.2% of women with dysmenorrhea and the most used drugs were Syncol® (28.9%), naproxen (17.8%), metamizol with butylscopolamine (13.3%) and dipyrone (6.7%). Our data suggest a significant prevalence of primary dysmenorrhea and dysmenorrheic women used many drugs for self-medication, but rarely come to medical services.

Influence of dietary intake of dairy products on dysmenorrhea

To determine the frequency of dysmenorrhea and its associated symptoms amongst a number of adolescent female students and to investigate the possible association between daily dairy product intake and dysmenorrhea. A self-assessment questionnaire was completed by 127 female university students aged between 19 and 24 years. Participants gave information that included demographics, the nature, type, and severity of pain associated with menstruation if any, management used to relieve dysmenorrhea, associated symptoms, and a general assessment of dietary intake of dairy products. The prevalence of primary dysmenorrhea in the population studied was 87.4% with the majority of the participants' pain symptoms beginning a few days before and continuing through the first two days of menstruation. Forty-six percent of students were found to have severe dysmenorrhea. Abdominal bloating was the most frequently expressed symptom associated with dysmenorrhea amongst the population studied. Dysmenorrhea and associated symptoms were found in significantly fewer female students who consumed three or four servings of dairy products per day as compared to participants who consumed no dairy products. Primary dysmenorrhea is common in young women. This study helps us to better understand the relationship between low dietary intake of dairy products and the risk of dysmenorrhea.

Prevalence of primary dysmenorrhea in young adult female university students

To determine the prevalence of primary dysmenorrhea and attitudes and behavior toward dysmenorrhea in the female students of an university toward this problem. A total of 1,266 female university students were anonymously surveyed by doctors. It was found that mean age of the surveyed students was 21.02+/-2.13 years, mean menarche age was 13.3+/-1.4 years, and menstruation frequency was 32.58+/-19.8 days. Of the students, 45.3% were found to suffer pain in each menstruation, 42.5% in some and 12.2% in none. Of those with primary dysmenorrhea, 66.9% were established to take analgesic drugs. Prevalence of primary dysmenorrhea was found higher than that cited in the literature. It was established that although the rate of consultation with health professionals about menstruation and related changes was low, use of agents known to be effective in primary dysmenorrhea treatment was highly common.

Prevalence of Primary Dysmenorrhea in Canada

Objective: The aim of this study was to describe the prevalence, clinical effect, characteristics, and underlying risk factors of primary dysmenorrhea PD in Canada.Methods: A stratified, random sample of 2721 women 18 Years and older was identified, and the women were interviewed by telephone. Data about menstrual symptoms and patterns and socio-demographic factors were obtained. The frequency, severity, and effect of menstrual pain were quantified. Logistic regression analysis was performed in order to identify independent risk factors for PD.Results: In the sample, 1546 women were having menstrual periods; of these, 934 (60%) met the criteria for PD. Sixty percent of the women with PD described their pain as moderate or severe. Fifty-one percent reported that their activities had been limited, and 17% reported missing school or work because of PD. The prevalence of PD decreased with increasing age (P < 0.001 and increased with smoking (P = 0.002). Users of oral contraceptives OCs tended to have less pain than non-users (P = 0.005). Socio-economic status, nulliparity, and earlier age at menarche were not independently associated with PD. However, nulliparous women, smokers, and women not using OCs were more likely to report disabling symptoms.Conclusions: The majority of Canadian women will suffer from dysmenorrhea at some time during their reproductive years. Available prescription treatments are underused. Young age, smoking, and non-use of OCs are independent risk factors for PD.