Prevalence Of Premenstrual Dysphoric Disorder Research Articles

Prevalence and associated factors of premenstrual dysphoric disorder among high school students in Finote Selam town, northwest Ethiopia.

Premenstrual dysphoric disorder (PMDD) is the most prevalent but neglected psychiatric disorder, with somatic symptoms that are severe enough to markedly affect usual daily activities and have a negative impact on mental health and quality of life by affecting female patients' behavior and cognition. Studies regarding premenstrual dysphoric disorder and associated factors among high school students in low- and middle-income countries are limited. Therefore, the aim of this study was to assess the prevalence and associated factors of PMDD among high school students, and this is pivotal in further investigation. A school-based cross-sectional study was conducted from March 25 to April 17, 2023 using a simple random-sampling technique to select a sample of 564 participants. Premenstrual dysphoric disorder was assessed using the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders (DSM-5). Self-administered standardized questionnaires were used to collect data. A total of 548 study participants participated, with a 97.2% response rate. The prevalence of premenstrual dysphoric disorder among high school students was found to be 33.03% (95%CI: 29.20-37.09). In a multivariable analysis, irregular menstruation cycle (AOR = 4.242, 95%CI = 2.182-8.246), depression (AOR = 5.272, 95%CI = 2.779-10.002), having greater than 4 days of menstruation bleeding duration (AOR = 2.138, 95%CI = 1.105-4.138), and high perceived stress (AOR = 3.468, 95%CL = 1.217-9.880) were the factors significantly associated with premenstrual dysphoric disorder. The overall prevalence of PMDD which was one-third among high school students was high. Moreover, long duration of menstruation bleeding, depressive symptoms, irregular menstruation cycle, and high perceived stress were significant factors in PMDD. Therefore, it needs early screening and intervention in primary healthcare settings, especially for those who have high perceived stress, having depression, having a long duration of menstruation bleeding, and having an irregular menstruation cycle, so as to have good academic achievement and psychological wellbeing.

Determinants of premenstrual dysphoric disorder and associated factors among regular undergraduate students at Hawassa University Southern, Ethiopia, 2023: institution-based cross-sectional study

BackgroundPremenstrual dysphoric disorder (PMDD) is a condition causing severe emotional, physical, and behavioral symptoms before menstruation. It greatly hinders daily activities, affecting academic and interpersonal relationships. Attention is not given to premenstrual disorders among female students in higher education. As a result, students are susceptible to stress, and their academic success is influenced by various factors, including their menstrual cycle, and the long-term outcomes and consequences are poorly researched. Even though PMDD has a significant negative impact on student’s academic achievement and success limited research has been conducted in low- and middle-income countries including Ethiopia, especially in the study setting. Therefore, a study is needed to assess premenstrual dysphoric disorder and associated factors among regular undergraduate students at Hawassa University.MethodsAn institutional-based cross-sectional study was conducted among 374 regular undergraduate female students at Hawassa University, College of Medicine and Health Sciences. A self-administered structured premenstrual symptoms screening tool for adolescents was used to assess premenstrual dysphoric disorder. The collected data were loaded into a statistical package for the social science version 25 and analyzed using it. Both bivariate and multivariate logistic regression were used to identify factors associated with premenstrual dysphoric disorder. Each independent variable was entered separately into bivariate analysis, and a variable with a p-value less than 0.25 were included in the multivariate analysis to adjust the possible confounders. Statistically significant was declared at a 95% confidence interval when variable with a p-value less than 0.05 in the multivariate analysis with premenstrual dysphoric disorder.ResultsThe magnitude of premenstrual dysphoric disorder in this study was 62.6% (95% CI 57.4–67.5). Having severe premenstrual pain (AOR = 6.44;95%CI 1.02–40.73), having irregular menstrual cycle (AOR = 2.21; 95% CI 1.32–3.70), students who had poor social support (AOR = 5.10;95%CI, (2.76–12.92) and moderate social support (AOR = 4.93;95%CI (2.18–11.18), and students who used contraception (AOR = 3.76;95%CI, 2.21-6,40) were statistically significant factors with the outcome variable.ConclusionThe prevalence of premenstrual dysphoric disorder was high as compared to other studies. There was a strong link between irregular menstrual cycle, severe menstrual pain (severe dysmenorrhea), poor social support, and contraception use with premenstrual dysphoric disorder. This needs early screening and intervention to prevent the complications and worsening of the symptoms that affect students’ academic performance by the institution.

Associated Factors with Premenstrual Dysphoric Disorder among Undergraduate Medical Students of a Teaching Hospital

Introduction: Premenstrual Dysphoric Disorder (PMDD) is a severe form of premenstrual syndrome in women which adversely affects social, academic, or work performance. The mechanisms underlying PMDD are still insufficiently known, the findings indicate a multifactorial genesis. Prevalence data of PMDD and its potential associated risk factors is sparse in Nepal. This study aimed to determine the associated factors with PMDD among undergraduate medical students of a teaching hospital in Nepal. Methods: This was a cross sectional study conducted among unmarried female medical students at KIST medical college and teaching hospital from 1st June to 30th July, 2023. Students were assigned from each of the four MBBS years (First, Second, Third, and Final) through random sampling till the desired sample size was achieved. Questionnaires about socio-demographic, menstrual, lifestyle variables and questionnaire for diagnosis of PMDD were administered. PMDD was diagnosed from the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual – fifth edition (DSM-5) of the American Psychiatric Association (APA). Data Analysis was performed using SPSS version 16. Data calculated as frequencies, mean, standard deviation and chi square test, independent t test with p-value of < 0.05 was considered as statistically significant. Results: The prevalence of PMDD according to DSM-V criteria was 41 (36.28%). PMDD was significantly associated with dysmenorrhea (P=0.030) and with intake of caffeinated beverages (P=0.034). Conclusion: PMDD is prevalent among medical students in Nepal. The potential associated risk factors are dysmenorrhea and intake of caffeinated beverages.

Prevalence of Premenstrual Syndrome and Premenstrual Dysphoric Disorder Among Deaf/Hard-of-Hearing Women with Mood Disorders in Saudi Arabia

The present study aimed to investigate the prevalence of premenstrual syndrome (PMS) and premenstrual dysphoric disorder among deaf/hard-of-hearing women with mood disorders in Saudi Arabia. The study sample comprised 380 deaf/hard-of-hearing women with mood disorders, and a convenient sampling method was used. For data analysis, descriptive statistics were used. Percentage, frequency and standard deviation, Chi-square test, unpaired t-test, one-way analysis of variance, and Pearson’s correlation were used for quantitative and statistical logistic regression analysis. According to the Premenstrual Syndrome Scale, the prevalence of PMS (moderate to severe PMS) is 71.05%, and the prevalence of premenstrual dysphoric disorders is 16%. Women with moderate to severe PMS consume more French fries/snacks, more processed food, more candy, and less banana than women with low to moderate PMS do. They also have food with high sodium quantity and food with high carbs. They have more physical disease and pain during this period. They suffer more than others from diarrhea and loose stools during menstruation. They use benzodiazepines more than women with low to moderate PMS do.

The prevalence of premenstrual dysphoric disorder and exercise among women in the City of Hail

The prevalence of premenstrual dysphoric disorder and exercise among women in the City of Hail

The prevalence of premenstrual dysphoric disorder in patients with depressive or panic disorder

IntroductionPremenstrual dysphoric disorder (PMDD), a severe form of premenstrual syndrome (PMS), affects 3-5% of the women of childbearing age. According to scientific literature, the prevalence of PMDD increases with age and among the psychiatric patient population as well, e.g. in women suffering depressive disorder (DD) or panic disorder (PD).Objectives To estimate the prevalence of PMDD in women without psychiatric comorbidities and those with concomitant DD or PD.MethodsA cross-sectional non-interventional study that enrolled 159 women, divided in 3 groups: 1) 98 women (mean age 31.04 ± 6.31) with PMS and no psychiatric comorbidities; 2) 31 women with PMS and DD (mean age 39.4±7.21); 3) 30 women with PMS and PD (mean age 31.2±7.89). PMS was assessed by the PSST (Premenstrual Symptoms Screening Tool). DD and PD were diagnosed by MINI and a psychiatric evaluation. Descriptive and frequency statistics were performed.ResultsWithin the group without comorbidities mild PMS was present in 48% (N=47) of the cases, moderate - in 41,8% (N=41), and in 10,2% (N=10) of the cases PMDD was diagnosed. Within the group with comorbid DD 25,8% (N=8) had mild PMS, 58,1% (N=18) had moderate and 16,1% (N=5) had PMDD. Among the women with comorbid PD 56,7% (N=17) suffered moderate PMS, 43,3% (N=13) - PMDD and no mild cases were documented.ConclusionsThe results demonstrate that comorbid DD or PD increases the prevalence of PMDD. It is considerably more common in patients with PD than those with DD.DisclosureNo significant relationships.

Global and regional prevalence and burden for premenstrual syndrome and premenstrual dysphoric disorder

Introduction:Premenstrual syndrome (PMS) and premenstrual dysphoric disorder (PMDD) are becoming common mental diseases in women impairing daily functioning. Estimation of the epidemiological burden of PMS/PMDD can serve as scientific basis for prevention and management of premenstrual disorders. Herein, we firstly provide a protocol to perform estimation on the prevalence and risk factors for PMS/PMDD in the general population globally and regionally.Methods/design:The PubMed, Web of Science, Chinese National Knowledge Infrastructure, the Cochrane Central Register of Controlled Trials (Cochrane Library), Chinese VIP Information, EMBASE, Wanfang Database, as well as the Chinese Biomedical Literature Database will be queried to find related studies containing information on the prevalence of PMDD (2011–2021). Two independent reviewers will comb the literature and abstract the data characteristics. Disparities will be reconciled via consents. The primary outcome will be the global prevalence. The random-effect model will be employed to pool the assessments. The standard χ2 tests, as well as the I2 statistic will be used to determine heterogeneity. Furthermore, the meta-regression analysis will be employed to estimate the differences in study-level characteristics. All the statistical analyses will be carried out in the software Stata v 15.0 (Stata Corporation, College Station, TX), as well as the R (v R 3.5.1, R Foundation for Statistical Computing, Vienna, Austria) software.Discussion:Based on existing evidence, our study will offer a high-quality synthesis for global and regional prevalence, burden, and risk factors of PMS/PMDD. Effective strategies will be made for prevention and management of epidemiological burden on the PMS/PMDD, even premenstrual disorders.Ethics and dissemination:This study does not involve the specific patients, and all research data comes from publicly available professional literature, so an ethics committee is not required to conduct an ethical review and approval of the study.INPLASY registration number:INPLASY2021120065.

Prevalence of Premenstrual Dysphoric Disorder among Female Students of a Medical College in Nepal: A Descriptive Cross-sectional Study.

Premenstrual dysphoric disorder is a severe form of premenstrual syndrome that impairs quality of life and carries an increased risk of suicidal attempts. Hormonal changes may underlie these symptoms. The present study was conducted to find out the prevalence of premenstrual dysphoric disorder among female students of a medical college in Nepal. This descriptive cross-sectional study was conducted among 266 healthy young females in a medical college of Nepal from 21st June 2021 to 31st August 2021 with approval from the Institutional Review Committee 51/2021. Convenience sampling was done. Self-rated questionnaire of premenstrual symptoms screening tool was used to evaluate premenstrual dysphoric disorder. The Premenstrual Symptoms Screening Tool reflects and translates categorical Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders-IV criteria into a rating scale with degrees of severity. Data were analyzed using the Statistical Package for Social Sciences version 16. Point estimate at 95% confidence interval was calculated along with frequency and proportion for the binary data. Out of 266 female students, we found that the prevalence of premenstrual dysphoric disorder was 10 (3.8%) (1.50-6.10 at 95% Confidence Interval). The prevalence of premenstrual dysphoric disorder in our study was found to be higher when compared to other similar studies.

Menstruation and menopause in autistic adults: Periods of importance?

Autism spectrum conditions were once seen as a predominantly male condition. This has caused a paucity of information on common events in the lives of women, such as menstruation and menopause. Some smaller studies indicate that autistic women might suffer from increased difficulties surrounding these events. This study aims to investigate whether autistic women experience more frequent premenstrual dysphoric disorder, and increased complaints surrounding menopause. In partly overlapping samples (premenstrual dysphoric disorder, n = 70, nASC = 28, ncomparisons = 42; menopause, n = 65, nASC = 30, ncomparisons = 35), we investigated premenstrual dysphoric disorder prevalence and menopausal complaints. In 70 individuals, we did not find an increased prevalence of premenstrual dysphoric disorder in autistic women (14.3%) compared with non-autistic women (9.5%). In 65 women aged 40 years and above, we found that autistic women did experience higher levels of menopausal complaints. In autistic women, higher menopausal complaints were associated with higher levels of depression and autistic traits. In non-autistic women, menopausal complaints were associated with increased inattention, hyperactivity/impulsivity (i.e. attention deficit hyperactivity disorder traits), and depression. With this work, we show the important role that major reproductive milestones can have in an autistic woman’s life.Lay abstractAutism spectrum conditions were once seen as a predominantly male condition, but this has caused research to have little focus on women. Therefore, little is known about menstruation and menopause in autism spectrum conditions. Some smaller studies indicate that autistic individuals might suffer from increased difficulties surrounding these events. This study aimed to investigate whether autistic women experience more frequent premenstrual dysphoric disorder, causing extreme physical, emotional, and functional impairment. In a partly overlapping sample, we also examined whether women with autism spectrum condition experience increased complaints surrounding menopause. We did not find an increased prevalence of premenstrual dysphoric disorder in autism spectrum conditions (14.3%) compared with non-autistic women (9.5%). Those with autism spectrum conditions did experience increased menopausal complaints. These menopausal complaints were associated with higher levels of depression and autistic traits. In non-autistic women, menopausal complaints were associated with increased inattention, hyperactivity/impulsivity (i.e. attention deficit hyperactivity disorder traits), and depression. With this work, we show the important role that major reproductive milestones can have in an autistic woman’s life.

Prevalence of premenstrual dysphoric disorder among high school girls of Gadag district, Karnataka, india- a school-based cross-sectional study

Background: Premenstrual dysphoric disorder (PMDD) has consequences on behaviour, cognitive abilities, mental health status, academic performance, and overall quality of life. The study examined the prevalence of premenstrual dysphoric disorder (PMDD) among high school going girls of Gadag. Methods: A school-based cross-sectional study was conducted among 900 high school going girls aged 12-16 years from government and private schools of Gadag district. The data was collected using a pre-tested semi-structured questionnaire. The proforma included socio-demographic profile and symptoms related to PMDD. A detailed history was obtained from parents and teachers. Data were analysed using coGuide software, V.1.03 and the p-value was set at < 0.05. Results: In the present study, the prevalence of PMDD was 4.89%. Out of 900 girls, 650(70%) were studying in 9th and 10th standard. Forty-four students were diagnosed with PMDD, out of which 14 (4.32%) were aged 14years, 17 (4.89%) were in 9th St, 30 (4.3%) belonged to English medium, and the majority, 39 (10.1%), were Hindus. Hindu religion was found to be significantly associated with PMDD (P-value of <0.001). No significant difference in PMDD was seen with age (p-value 0.325), the standard of studying (P-value of 0.948), and medium of instruction (P-value of 0.123). Conclusion: The magnitude of PMDD, according to this study, is 4.89%, and the menstrual health of young schoolgirls, particularly those in the age group 12 to 16 years, needs significant public health attention.

Prevalence of hormone-related mood disorder symptoms in women with ADHD

This is the first study to assess the prevalence of symptoms of premenstrual dysphoric disorder (PMDD), episodes of postpartum depression symptoms (PPD) after first childbirth, and climacteric mood symptoms in Attention-Deficit/Hyperactivity Disorder (ADHD). 209 consecutive women (18–71 years) with ADHD completed the PMDD chapter of the Neuropsychiatric Interview Plus version 5.0.0 to assess PMDD, the Edinburgh Postnatal Depression Scale to assess PPD, and the Greene Climacteric Scale to assess climacteric symptoms. Comorbid psychiatric disorders, medication use, and chronobiological sleep characteristics were also assessed. The prevalence of PMDD and PPD were high in ADHD, compared to the general population. PMDD symptoms were associated with less use of contraceptives. Antidepressants were associated with more PMDD symptoms. The following GCS scores were significant increased: anxiety, depression, and sexual dysfunction, vasomotor and somatic complaints. No significant differences were found in sleep characteristics or current comorbidity between the groups with and without PPD or PMDD, or increased climacteric scores. The prevalences of PMDD, PPD and climacteric scores were high in women with ADHD. This is the first study in women with ADHD that suggests that female ADHD patients suffer from significant PMDD symptoms, experience PPD during the first child birth, and experience more severe climacteric symptoms.

A Study on the Prevalence of Premenstrual Dysphoric Disorder in Medical Students

Background: Premenstrual dysphoric disorder is a common yet underdiagnosed mental health problem among women of reproductive age group with a significant potential to perturb the social, occupational, academic and interpersonal milieu of the suffering women. The aim of the study is to determine the frequency and severity of the premenstrual dysphoric disorder (PMDD) in medical college students. The premenstrual dysphoric disorder is a common yet underdiagnosed mental health problem among women of reproductive age group with a significant potential to perturb the social, occupational, academic and interpersonal milieu of the suffering women. Subjects and Methods: Premenstrual dysphoric disorder was diagnosed based on Penn’s daily symptom rating scale (self-administered for 2 months) and an interview-based on diagnostic and statistical manual -5 diagnostic criteria for the premenstrual dysphoric disorder. Results: Overall 180 subjects were studied. The prevalence of premenstrual dysphoric disorder was wound to be 11.11 % (n= 20). The most common symptoms found were fatigue irritability, mood swings and A significant correlation between the severity of premenstrual and menstrual difficulties was found with PMDD. Conclusion: The current study highlights the need for clinicians to assess for premenstrual dysphoric disorder in females visiting the hospital with premenstrual and menstrual complaints.

The prevalence of premenstrual dysphoric disorder among adolescents in Ethiopia: a systematic review and meta-analysis.

The rates of prevalence of premenstrual dysphoric disorder (PMDD) in Ethiopia were high and inconsistent across studies. However, there was no previous systematic reviews and meta-analysis conducted on this topic. Therefore, this review aimed to systematically review previous studies on the topic and summarize the prevalence of PMDD among students in Ethiopia and formulate recommendations for future clinical services. The preferred reporting items for systematic review and meta-analysis (PRISMA) guidelines were used to conduct this systematic review and meta-analysis. Popular databases such as PubMed, EMBASE, Psych-INFO, SCOPUS, Google Scholar, African Index Medicus, and African Journals Online (AJOL) were searched for relevant studies. We used a Comprehensive Meta-Analysis software version 3.0 (CMA-3.0) to conduct a meta-analysis. The random-effects model was used to estimate the pooled prevalence. The magnitude of statistical heterogeneity between the eligible articles was checked by Cochrane Q and the I2 statistics. The funnel plot and Egger's regression tests were used to assess potential publication bias. A total of 12 studies that were published between 2003 and 2019 was included in our systematic review and meta-analysis. The pooled estimated prevalence of premenstrual dysphoric disorder among female students in Ethiopia was 54.5% (95% CI 40.8-67.6). The pooled estimated prevalence of premenstrual dysphoric disorder was approximately similar for both studies that recruited study participants from either high school or higher education. Further, the pooled estimated prevalence of premenstrual dysphoric disorder was ranging from 51.2 to 57.2% in leave-one-out sensitivity analysis, suggesting that the removal of one study did not affect the overall prevalence estimate. The pooled estimated prevalence of premenstrual dysphoric disorder among female students in Ethiopia was high. Early screening and appropriate interventions at primary healthcare settings are warranted.

Premenstrual dysphoric disorder and associated factors among female health science students in Wollo University, Ethiopia, 2017/18

BackgroundPremenstrual dysphoric disorder (PMDD) is also called late luteal phase dysphoric disorder. The syndrome involves mood symptoms, behavior symptoms and physical symptoms. This pattern of symptoms occurs at a specific time during the menstrual cycle, and the symptoms resolve for some period of time between menstrual cycles. It is one of the most common problems in female students of higher education institution that impaired academic performance and professional and interpersonal relationships. The main objective f this study is to assess Premenstrual dysphoric disorder and associated factors among Female health science students in Wollo University, east Amhara, Ethiopia, 2016/17.MethodsThe study was conducted from January 1–15, 2017 involving 254 regular health science students were involved from college of medicine & health science, Wollo University. Institution based cross sectional study design was used. Systematic random sampling technique was utilized. Data were collected through interviewer administered standardized and pretested questionnaires. The collected data were presented in tables, graph & chart. Association between dependent and independent variable were tested using logistic regression model of SPSS version 20. Variables that have P-value less than 0.25 at bivarate analysis were entered to multivariate analysis model. Finally those variables which had P-value of < 0.05 were considered as having statistically significant association with the dependent variables.ResultThe prevalence of premenstrual dysphoric disorder in this study was 66.9%. Degree of dysmenorhea was found to have statistically significant association with premenstrual dysphoric disorder. Students who had mild grade of dysmenorhea were less likely to have PMDD as compared with those students who had severe dysmenorhea (AOR = 0.13 at 95%CI (0.03–0.58). About 139 (61.8%) of female student reported that frequent class missing and low grade were occurred due to menstrual disorder.ConclusionThe Prevalence of premenstrual dysphoric disorder was highest as compared to other similar studies done in other countries. The factor associated with premenstrual dyphoric disorder was grade of dysmenorhoea. In order to tackle this problem, collaborative efforts should be taken.

Prevalence of premenstrual dysphoric disorder among school-going adolescent girls.

Background:Premenstrual dysphoric disorder (PMDD) is a severe form of premenstrual syndrome which has a significant negative impact on the various domains of life of adolescent girls.Aim:The aim of this study was to estimate the prevalence of PMDD in adolescent girls studying in classes 7th–10th and ascertain the level of stress, anxiety, and depression among them.Methodology:A cross-sectional study was conducted in three all-girls schools in Chandigarh (two – government and one – private) after taking necessary permissions. Participants were evaluated on a self-rated questionnaire which included the PMDD scale, Perceived Stress Scale, Generalized Anxiety Disorder-7 (GAD-7) questionnaire, and Patient Health Questionnaire-9.Results:A total of 397 girls participated in the study. The mean age of respondents was 14.34 (standard deviation [SD]: 1.17; range: 11–20) years, with most (44%) studying in class 10th. The mean age of attaining menarche was 12.54 (SD: 0.92; range: 10–15) years. The prevalence of PMDD was found to be 4.8% (n = 19). Majority of the respondents reported moderate levels of perceived stress (62%). A positive correlation was seen between the severity of PMDD, age, levels of perceived stress, severity of depression, and anxiety in the respondents.Conclusion:Nearly 5% of adolescent girls suffer from PMDD, with higher prevalence among those with depression, GAD, and higher perceived stress. Thus, there is a need to screen adolescent females for PMDD at the earliest and institute intervention to minimize its negative impact.

Prevalence and factors associated with Premenstrual Dysphoric Disorder: A community sample of young adult women

Premenstrual Dysphoric Disorder (PMDD) was recently included in DSM-5 as a full diagnostic category. Few studies have investigated PMDD in a community sample of young adults, especially in Brazil. Thus, the objective of this study was to evaluate the prevalence and the factors associated with PMDD in a community sample of 727 young adult women between the 18 and 24 years of age in southern Brazil. This was a cross-sectional population-based study. The data were collected from 2012 to 2014. PMDD was assessed using the Mini International Neuropsychiatry Interview (M.I.N.I. – Plus). The prevalence of PMDD was 17.6%. PMDD was significantly higher among older women, and in women from lower socio-economic status. A trend towards significance was found for women without a current occupation (study or work). The comorbidities significantly associated with PMDD were current major depression disorder, agoraphobia, bipolar disorder, current suicide risk, generalized anxiety disorder, social phobia, and specific phobia. The high prevalence found in the present study should be interpreted considering a retrospective report. However, our data showed that clinicians should be alert for PMDD symptoms, especially among young adult women.

Premenstrual Syndrome: Prevalence, Severity, and its Association with Academic and Social Performance among College Students, Jimma Southwest Ethiopia

Background: The frequency of premenstrual syndrome (PMS) is high among young women, and the severity of its symp- toms could interfere with their daily activities. Although it has been widely studied in many western countries, little is known about the impact of PMS in low income setting. This study aims to evaluate the prevalence and severity of PMS and its influence on academic and social activities. Method: A cross-sectional study was conducted among female students of Jimma Teachers Training College in January, 2011. Seven hundred and six female students were selected using a simple random sampling technique. A structured and pre-tested self-administered questionnaire was employed for data collection. The criteria proposed by American College of Obstetrics and Gynaecology (ACOG) were used to diagnose PMS. Data analysis was made using SPSS Version 15.0. Result: The prevalence of PMS was 84.4% in the present study. Family income and duration of menstrual bleeding have shown significant association with PMS (p &lt; 0.05). The prevalence of Premenstrual Dysphoric Disorder, which is the se- vere form of PMS, was 30.9%. PMS was significantly associated with academic performance and social activities of fe- male students. About 77.9% of the students who had PMS have lost concentration on academics in the class room lessons, and 64.5% of them had difficulties to study at home. Concerning the implication of PMS on social activities of females; 81.0% of the students missed recreational activities and 79.0% restricted from daily home chores. Academic and social problems were pronounced in students who had ppremenstrual dysphoric disorder (PMDD). Conclusion: The present study revealed a high prevalence rate of PMS with a negative impact on academic endeavor and daily social activities of the students. Therefore, health education and counseling services are highly recommended for female students in the higher institutions (Ethiopian Journal of Reproductive Health, 2014, Volume 7(1),31-41). Key Words: Premenstrual syndrome, prevalence, severity, academic performance

Prevalence of premenstrual syndrome and premenstrual dysphoric disorder among medical students and its impact on their academic and social performance

Background: Premenstrual syndrome (PMS) is a disorder affecting large number of population in terms of their physical and psychological well-being. A large number of college drop outs are because of PMS. Aims and Objectives: The objective of this study was to assess the prevalence of presence of different symptoms of PMS and premenstrual dysphoric disorder (PMDD) among medical college girls and its effect on their social and academic life. Materials and Methods: This study was conducted in a medical college in 1st, 2nd, and 3rd year MBBS student girls by providing them a questionnaire regarding the presence of different symptoms of PMS and PMDD and its impact on their academic and social performance. Results: The prevalence of PMS was reported to be 65% in the present study. The most common somatic symptom was body pain (52%) and the most common affective symptom was irritability (50%). In spite of this, only 12% of individuals with PMS become absent in class and 32% avoid joining social functions. The prevalence of PMDD among the study population was 12%. Conclusion: It is concluded from the present study that PMS and PMDD are very common problems among medical students affecting their educational and social activities.

Prevalence, Severity, and Correlates of Premenstrual Dysphoric Disorder Symptoms Among Women in the Arabian Peninsula.

To study the prevalence of premenstrual dysphoric disorder (PMDD) symptom patterns among women in the United Arab Emirates and to measure the debilitating nature of PMDD symptoms and sociodemographic correlates. This cross-sectional sample study used the Mini-International Neuropsychiatric Interview-Plus (MINI-Plus) and Premenstrual Symptoms Screening Tool (PSST) to screen for presence and severity of PMDD symptoms in Arab women attending ambulatory health services in Alain city, Emirate of Abu Dhabi, United Arab Emirates, for routine health care between May 2005 and September 2005. The study participants include 508 women (76% Emiratis, 15% Omanis, and 8% other Arabs) of childbearing age. In total, 94 women (18.6%) met MINI-Plus criteria for PMDD; of these, 21 (4.1%) met PSST criteria for severe symptoms, 29 (5.7%) for moderate symptoms, and 44 (8.7%) for mild or less symptoms. One woman (0.2%) with severe symptoms and 12 women (2.4%) with moderate symptoms had negative MINI-Plus scores. Presence of PMDD symptoms was significantly associated with higher education (P = .000), single marital status (P = .001), major life stressors (P = .001), and personal/family use of psychotropic medications (P = .000/P = .006), personal/family psychological problems (P = .000/P = .001), irregular/painful menses (P = .043/P = .001), and functional impairment on the Sheehan Disability Scale (P = .000). Multilogistic regression analysis showed higher education, major life stressor, personal use of psychotropic medications, personal/family psychological problem, and painful menses were independent predictors of PMDD symptoms. PMDD symptoms were common among the Arab women in our study. The cyclically triggered mood disturbances were clustered in women with personal/familial psychological problems, perhaps linking biologic constitution to genetic predisposition for the development of PMDD symptomatology.

Premenstrual Dysphoric Disorder among Assosa Techinical Vocational Education School Students, Assosa, Ethiopia

Background: Premenstrual dysphoric disorder (PMDD) is the most prevalent, but largely neglected psychiatric disorder. Somatic symptoms in women with premenstrual dysphoric disorder are severe enough to markedly affect usual daily activities. The factors such as age, educational status, income, and residence are the most frequently associated with it. There are few studies conducted on prevalence of PMDD and its associated factors in Ethiopia. Objective: To assess the prevalence and associated factors of premenstrual dysphoric disorder among Asossa Technical and vocational education Training School students at Asossa from May 12 up to June 12, 2015. Methods: Institutional based cross–sectional study was conducted. Data was collected by self-administered questionnaire on sociodemographic, obstetrical and gynecological, substance and PMDD symptoms using structured questionnaire and Screening tool which is used to get total number of 520 samples among students from TVET School by using simple Random sampling technique. Data was examined using descriptive statistics and logistic regression, odds ratios (OR) and 95% confidence intervals (95% CI). Results: The mean age of the respondents was 20.5 (± 2.6). The magnitude of premenstrual dysphoric disorder was 26.8%. When we adjusted for the effect of potential confounding variables, those having irregular menstrual cycle (AOR=1.36,95% CI,(1.82,2.25)), menstrual pain (AOR=1.41,95% CI (1.09,1.83)) and those did not use family planning methods (AOR=1.92,95% CI, (1.08,3.42)) were more likely to have premenstrual dysphoric disorder as compared to their counter parts. Conclusion: The magnitude of premenstrual dysphoric disorder was high (26.8%). Menstrual pain, menstrual irregularity and not using family planning methods had significant association. It needs early screening and intervention at primary health care settings.