Prevalence Of Perinatal Depression Research Articles

Are HIV-infected pregnant women at a higher risk of developing depression?

Aim: To determine whether pregnant women with HIV are at a greater risk of developing perinatal depression (PND). Method: a literature review identified relevant evidence surrounding the prevalence of depression in HIV-infected pregnant women. Inclusion and exclusion criteria were applied to 52 articles, of which five quantitative studies were applicable. Findings: social and psychological factors secondary to HIV infection were noted to be the main reason for an increase in the prevalence of PND. conclusion: Women with a complex psychosocial background are at a significantly higher risk of developing PND. suggestions have been made by the author to incorporate the findings into a care Pathway that allows for the routine screening of all women to help highlight those at a greater risk of developing PND. There is a need for further research to support the findings of the literature review as well as to broaden the current research available in high-income countries. This article focuses on the HIV-infected and HIV at-risk pregnant population of the USA. The prevalence of PND in this population is explored and risk factors acknowledged. Trending risk factors for PND in this population include HIV status, psychiatric history, stress and substance use. These findings are incorporated into a draft tool that could be integrated into current practice.

Racial Differences in Perinatal Depression among HIV-infected Women

BackgroundPerinatal depression may further complicate the health of women with human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) infection. Diagnosis and subsequent treatment of depressive symptoms may significantly improve the health of mother and newborn. ObjectiveWe sought to examine the association between race and perinatal depression among a sample of low-income women with HIV infection. MethodsThis retrospective cohort study used data from a multi-state Medicaid administrative claims database to study HIV-infected perinatal women between 2003 and 2007. Multivariate regression analysis was used to study the objective. ResultsThe overall prevalence of perinatal depression in the sample (n=650) was 27.8%. Black women had significantly lower odds of experiencing perinatal depression (odds ratio 0.328; 95% confidence interval 0.225-0.479) compared with non-black women. Non-black women showed significantly higher comorbidity severity scores than black women (0.356 vs. 0.220, P =.035). ConclusionsThis study found that non-black women may be more vulnerable to perinatal depression. Improved health care provider vigilance for depressive symptoms among low-income, HIV-infected women of all races during the perinatal period is warranted.

The Prevalence of Perinatal Depression in KAMC and Associated Factors

Perinatal depression is the most common childbirth complication which could adversely affect the whole family. Mothers with perinatal depression are more likely to deliver a baby with low birth weight, decrease head circumference, and low cognitive and physical growth. This study estimates the prevalence of perinatal depression and identifies the associated factors. This was a cross sectional study conducted at the King Fahd Hospital, King Abdulaziz Medical City in Riyadh. Four hundred women participated in the study: 200 prenatal women who exceeded 20 weeks of pregnancy, and 200 postpartum women in their first year after delivery that exceeded 3 weeks from delivery. The participants completed the Edinburgh postnatal depression scale, and a questionnaire about obstetric and sociodemographic data. The prevalence of perinatal depression was 22%; the prevalence in prenatal women was 23.5%, and in postnatal women it was found to be 20.5%. The associated factors were marital relationship problems, exposure to difficult events, having low socioeconomic status, lack of support from the family, and being a victim of domestic violence. One-fourth of the samples were affected by perinatal depression. Routine screening of perinatal depression is highly recommended; to decrease the complications and the feeling of stigma.

The prevalence of perinatal depression and its associated factors in two different settings in Brazil

The prevalence of antepartum and postpartum depression (PPD) and its association with certain risk factors was evaluated. The Edinburgh Postnatal Depression Scale (EPDS) was applied and sociodemographic data was obtained at the beginning of the third trimester of pregnancy and at 4-6 weeks postpartum. The prevalence of depression was 24.3% during pregnancy (n=600 women) and 10.8% in the postpartum period (n=555). The factors independently associated with antepartum depression were the absence of a partner (PRadj 1.93; 95%CI: 1.44-2.58), a lower socioeconomic class (1.75; 1.18-2.60), being non-white (1.48; 1.09-2.01) and multiparity (1.32; 1.01-1.74). For postpartum depression, the factors were the occurrence of psychological violence (PRadj 3.31; 95%CI: 2.02-5.43), use of alcohol during pregnancy (2.14; 1.33-3.45), being non-white (1.85; 1.11-3.08) and physical violence (2.14; 1.13-4.08). The sensitivity of depression during pregnancy as a predictor of PPD was 75%, while specificity was 81%. There were no differences between the two settings. EDPS does not diagnose depression and as a screening instrument it could overestimate the true prevalence of depression. The use of the EPDS instrument during pregnancy would allow a screening for identifying women at higher risk of developing PPD and then a proposal of specific interventions to manage this condition. Postpartum depression was prevalent in around 10% of the women and was associated with unfavorable sociodemographic conditions including the use of alcohol and with the occurrence of psychological and physical violence.

Eating Disorders and Trauma History in Women with Perinatal Depression

Although the prevalence of perinatal depression (depression occurring during pregnancy and postpartum) is 10%, little is known about psychiatric comorbidity in these women. We examined the prevalence of comorbid eating disorders (ED) and trauma history in women with perinatal depression. A research questionnaire was administered to 158 consecutive patients seen in a perinatal psychiatry clinic during pregnancy (n=99) or postpartum (n=59). Measures included Structured Clinical Interview for DSM (SCID) IV-based questions for lifetime eating psychopathology and assessments of comorbid psychiatric illness including the State/Trait Anxiety Inventory (STAI), Patient Health Questionnaire (PHQ-9), Edinburgh Postnatal Depression Scale (EPDS), and Trauma Inventory. In this cohort, 37.1% reported a putative lifetime ED history; 10.1% reported anorexia nervosa (AN), 10.1% reported bulimia nervosa (BN), 10.1% reported ED not otherwise specified-purging subtype (EDNOS-P), and 7.0% reported binge eating disorder (BED). Women with BN reported more severe depression (EPDS score, 19.1, standard deviation [SD 4.3], p=0.02; PHQ-severity 14.5, SD 7.4, p=0.02) than the referent group of women with perinatal depression and no ED history (EPDS 13.3, SD=6.1; PHQ 9.0, SD=6.2). Women with AN were more likely to report sexual trauma history than the referent group (62.5% vs. 29.3%, p<0.05), and those with BN were more likely report physical (50.0%, p<0.05) and sexual (66.7%, p<0.05) trauma histories. ED histories were present in over one third of admissions to a perinatal psychiatry clinic. Women with BN reported more severe depression and histories of physical and sexual trauma. Screening for histories of eating psychopathology is important in women with perinatal depression.

Perinatal depression in Asian women: prevalence, associated factors, and cultural aspects

Abstract Background and Objective: Although perinatal depression is a worldwide problem, most of the studies related to this issue have been conducted in Western countries. This paper summarizes the literature on the prevalence as well as associated factors among Asian countries where the cultural attitudes, customs, and norms are considerably different from those in Western countries. Methods: We conducted a literature search using MEDLINE (PubMed) from 1968, PsychINFO from 1970, and SCOPUS database from 1982 using keywords “depression”, “antenatal”, “antepartum”, “pregnancy”, “postnatal”, “postpartum”, “perinatal”, “after childbirth” and “Asia”. Only the articles published in English were included. Results: The overall prevalence of depression during pregnancy and postnatal period are about 20% and 21.8%, respectively. The factors related to perinatal depression can be grouped into the following categories, individual characteristics, husband/marital relationship, pregnancy-related, infant-related, and other psychosocial issues. While there is considerable overlap between Asian and Western countries with respect to risk factors for perinatal depression, premarital pregnancy, conflict with mother in-law, and dissatisfaction with infant’s gender are more specific to Asian cultures. Conclusions: Studies conducted in Asian countries suggest that the prevalence of perinatal depression is slightly higher than in Western countries. There are several unique culturally related issues that clinicians treating pregnant and postpartum Asian women should be aware as they contribute to an increased risk of depression in these women.

Correlates of perinatal depression in HIV-infected women.

Maternal perinatal depression (PND) may interfere with effective perinatal HIV care. In order to begin examining the prevalence and characteristics of PND in HIV-infected women, we analyzed data from the medical records of all HIV-infected women who had received perinatal care in the Maternal-Child and Adolescent Center for Infectious Diseases and Virology at LAC/USC Medical Center from 1997 through 2006. Data from 273 individual women (328 live births) were analyzed. Demographic, medical history, psychosocial, pregnancy related, and HIV-related factors measured during the perinatal period were examined for an association with PND using multivariate logistic regression with generalized estimating equations to account for the within subject correlation due to multiple births per mother. The overall prevalence of PND was 30.8%. Multivariate analysis showed that PND was significantly associated with substance abuse during pregnancy (odds ratio [OR] = 2.81, 95% confidence interval [CI]: 1.35-5.82) and past history of psychiatric illness (OR = 3.72, 95% CI: 2.06-6.71). Compared to mothers with CD4 nadir greater than 500 cells/mm3, mothers with a CD4 nadir during pregnancy #200 cells=mm3 were 3.1 times more likely to experience PND (OR = 3.01, 95% CI: 1.32-6.88). Women who had antiretroviral (ARV) medications adherence problems during pregnancy were more likely to experience PND than women who were adherent (OR = 2.14, 95% CI: 1.08-4.23). These preliminary results suggest that rates of PND among HIV-infected women are substantial. We conclude that pregnant HIV-infected women should be routinely screened for PND. Prospective studies examining the bio-psycho-social markers of PND in HIV-infected women are indicated.