Prevalence Of Parasitosis Research Articles

Prevalence of parasitosis and its influence on the intestinal microbiota of school children from rural communities in the province of Chimborazo, Ecuador

Introduction: Parasitosis is an infectious disease that puts the life of patients at risk, with higher prevalence in vulnerable groups, such as the infant population. Objective: For this reason, the present research aims to indicate the influence of parasites in the intestinal microbiota of Ecuadorian infants. Methods: The sample population consisted of 264 boys and girls, aged 5 to 10 years, belonging to rural communities of Chimborazo, Ecuador. Stool samples were collected for analysis by the coproparasitic examination technique, and for confirmation of results, 8% of the total samples were analyzed by the Willis flotation concentration method. For the determination of microbiota, massively parallel NGS sequencing was performed, and statistical analysis was performed by chi-square to determine risk factors.Results: The prevalence of parasitosis in children was 44.32%, the most prevalent species being: Entamoeba coli (58.86%), Entamoeba histolytica (17.72%), and Giardia lamblia (10.13%). The presence of Trichuris trichiura eggs was identified by the Willis flotation method. The risk factors for intestinal parasitosis in the study population were: contact with pets, decay in the sanitary service infrastructure, lack of hygienic habits and garbage collection. The most prevalent bacterial population of the intestinal microbiota are: Prevotellaceae (55%), Proteobacteria (47%), Firmicutes (27%), and Treponema (17%). Conclusion: There is a significant relationship between predisposing factors and intestinal parasitosis, and it directly affects intestinal symbiosis.

Relationship between Infection Caused by the Apicomplex Protozoan Nematopsis sp and the Weight of White Shrimp Litopenaeus vannamei in a Cultivation System

There are many types of diseases and etiological agents that affect the health of the cultivated white shrimp Litopenaeus vannamei (viruses, bacteria, fungi, and parasites), with parasitic diseases being of great relevance. From this perspective, the main parasitic diseases in cultured shrimp are given by protozoa, mainly Apicomplexa (Gregarines) and Ciliophora (Epibionts or Ectoparasites). The objective of this research is to establish the mathematical relationship between the infection caused by the apicomplexan protozoan Nematopsis sp and the weight of the white shrimp Litopenaeus vannamei in a cultivation system. This work was carried out on the western coast of the state of Falcón (Venezuela), where several shrimp farms are located. The animals were randomly sampled in the ponds and immediately taken to the laboratory for analysis (presence of the parasite and weight). The results indicate that the physicochemical parameters of the water remained stable during the test. The prevalence of parasitosis was 25% in May/June, 28% in July, 27.64% in August, 35.5% in September and 32% in October. In addition, it was observed that the average weight of shrimp increased over time, being 0.313 in May/June, 3.2765 in July, 7.4831 in August, 11.3776 in September and 12.71 in October. The R value was 0.119 indicating little dependence on the variables, and an R2 of 0.0143 showing that parasitosis only had an effect on the weight of 1.43% of the infected animals.

Prevalence of Intestinal Parasitosis in Guinea: Systematic Review of the Literature and Meta-Analysis

Intestinal parasitosis constitute a major public health issue, particularly in sub-tropical and tropical areas. Even though they are classified as neglected tropical diseases, no national study has been carried out recently in Guinea to estimate the prevalence of intestinal parasitosis. A systematic review and meta-analysis aimed to determine the overall prevalence of intestinal parasitosis in Guinea. The PRISMA method was used to perform a systematic review and meta-analysis. The studies carried out in order to study intestinal parasitosis in Guinea and published between 2010 and 2020 were searched in online public databases. The prevalence of parasitosis was calculated by a random-effects meta-analysis. Subgroup comparisons were performed using Q-tests. Statistical analyses were performed with the R software. This review was registered with PROSPERO under the identification number CRD42022349743. 69 studies were selected out of 1230 studies identified in online public databases. The meta-analysis involved 44,186 people with an overall prevalence of intestinal parasitic infections of 52%. This is the first study in Guinea to assess the prevalence of intestinal parasitic infections in different regions of the country. It was found that intestinal parasitosis are a real health problem in Guinea, hence, the need to put in place national strategies for regular control.

Identification and The Prevalence of Gastrointestinal Endoparasite in Long-Tailed Macaque (Macaca Fascicularis) in Wonorejo and Gunung Anyar Mangrove Eco-Tourism Surabaya

This study aimed to determine the types of endoparasites and their prevalence in Macaca fascicularis in the Wonorejo and Gunung Anyar mangrove forests, Surabaya. A total of 90 samples of Macaca fascicularis faeces were collected from two different mangrove forests, 45 samples from Wonorejo and 45 from Gunung Anyar. All samples were examined using sedimentation and floating methods to identify endoparasite species. Further, the number of eggs and oocysts per gram of feces was counted using the McMaster method. Results showed that 26.67% (12/45), and 22.2% (10/45) of the faecal samples were detected positive for endoparasite at Wonorejo and Gunung Anyar mangrove forests, respectively. The prevalence of parasitosis in M. fascicularis from Wonorejo was 17.7% (8/45) for Taenia sp. and 8.8% (4/45) for Balantidium coli cyst. On the other hand, M. fascicularis from Gunung Anyar was infested by Trichuris sp. at a prevalence of 22.2% (10/45). The total number of eggs and cysts ranged from 30 – 400 per gram of faecal samples. The study provides new knowledge on the parasitic burdens among long-tailed macaques in East Java.

Parasite identification in mullet fish (Mugil curema) from Chautengo Lagoon, Guerrero, Mexico, based on morphology and molecular analysis

Parasite identification is crucial in areas where no sanitary inspection is conducted on fish, especially considering that parasitic zoonoses like anisakiasis and gnathostomiasis can pose a risk for human health. In this study, parasites in mullet fish (Mugil curema) from the Chautengo Lagoon, Guerrero, Mexico, were identified by morphological and molecular methods. A total of 122 specimens weighing 317 ± 51.25 g and 19.3 ± 1.14 cm in length were assessed. Their helminthofauna was classified by measuring internal structures, total length, and maximum width; a morphometric index was also calculated for larval stages. The prevalence of parasitosis in these mullets was 91.8%, with a mean infection intensity of 4.1. The acanthocephalan Floridosentis mugilis was identified by its external and internal structures. The nematodes found were of the Anisakidae family in stage 3 (L3), with a morphology consistent with Contracaecum sp. To determine the species, the ITS ribosomal gene and the mitochondrial genes COX2 and rrnS were molecularly characterized by PCR; then, they were aligned by CLUSTAL W, and a phylogenetic tree was obtained. In this analysis, the sequences were compared with those reported in GenBank. A total of 460 parasites were studied, 283 of which were nematodes (61.5%) and 177 were acanthocephalans (38.5%). The sequences of seven nematodes showed 99% homology with each other, and thus they formed an independent branch within the Contracaecum sp. group. This is the first report identifying Contracaecum multipapillatum in mullet fish in the Chautengo Lagoon, Guerrero.

Prevalence of intestinal parasites in children from public preschool in the Triple Border Brazil, Argentina, and Paraguay

Introduction: The prevalence of parasitosis in children from Brazilian border cities is unknown. Objective: To identify the prevalence of intestinal parasites in children from public pre-school on the Brazilian border and their socioeconomic and health profile. Methods: Fecal samples were obtained from 178 children from public early childhood educational center (CMEI) in Brazilian border municipalities in Foz do Iguaçu, Brazil. Samples were processed by Hoffman sedimentation and zinc sulfate centrifugation and flotation methods. A questionnaire was administered to children´s parents or guardians regarding parasitic diseases, socioeconomic status, and sanitary habits. Results: The prevalence of intestinal parasites was 26.9% (n=48). A high prevalence of Giardia duodenalis was found (16.3%), followed by Endolimax nana (8.4%), Enterobius vermiculares (1.7%), Ascaris lumbricoides, and Entamoeba coli (0.5%). Forty-seven children (26.4%) presented monoparasitism. The percentage of parasitosis was significantly higher among male children (33.7% - p<0.036) who exhibited weight loss (50.0%), were from low-income families (35.4%- p=0.05), and had mothers with a low education (54.0%-p=0.0001). The highest percentage of Giardia was in children who exhibited weight loss (42.9% - p<0.05) and had mothers with low education (35.0%- p=0.0001). Multivariate analysis indicated that in the variable gender (male gender), weight loss and low maternal education contributed to the variability of parasitosis in children from the surveyed MCEC. Conclusion: The higher prevalence of Giardia was due to child and family variables. The detection of Enterobius vermiculares and Ascaris lumbricoides, despite the low frequency, indicates the need for better basic sanitation policies. Keywords: child; parasites; prevalence; border areas; giardiasis.

UNDERWEIGHT AS A RISK FACTOR FOR MULTIPARASITISM AND ITS CLINICAL SIGNIFICANCE AMONG EGYPTIAN CHILDREN

Although multiparasitism is a common phenomenon, but its impact on young children nutritional and developmental status is underestimated. This cross-sectional study aimed to statistically correlate single/multiple parasitic infections detected with underweight, demographic and clinical data. Stool samples were collected from 222 Egyptian children from 1 to 5 years old who were attending the Diagnostic and Research Unit of Parasitic Diseases. Stool samples were screened for parasitic species using light microscopy of direct, trichrome and modified kinyoun stained smears. Nutritional status was evaluated using weight-for-age plotting against standard reference growth charts. Questionnaire was used to collect socio-demographic and clinical data of children under study. The overall prevalence of parasitosis was 51.8%. Among infected children, polyparasitism was significantly higher among underweight (66.7%; P<0.001), and in males compared to females (31.6% vs. 16.7%; P =0.011). Univariate analysis showed significant associations between underweightand Giardia lamblia co-infection with other species (P < 0.001). Multiparasitism should be of more concern especially to this age group, as it can exacerbate children’s morbidity. However, several methodological challenges remain when it comes to detecting parasite interactions in resource-constrained settings.

Parasitosis of Ruminant Animal in Private Farms of Vysokogorny and Laishevskiy Districts of the Republic of Tatarstan

The purpose of the research is to study the species composition of intestinal parasitosis agents in ruminant animals in citizens’ private farms in Vysokogorny and Laishevskiy districts of the Republic of Tatarstan. Materials and methods. The work has been executed in the Epizootology, Parasitology and Radiobiology Department at the Kazan State Academy of Veterinary Science named after N.E.Bauman and in citizens’ private farms in Vysokogorny and Laishevskiy districts of the Republic of Tatarstan during autumn-winter period in 2016-2017. 586 fecal specimen, including 364 samples of cattle, 168 samples of sheep and 54 samples of goats, have been studied by the modified method of flotation. Animals extent of invasion were determined as well as average number of helminth eggs and eimeria oocyst in 1 g of feces were calculated with the help of VIGIS count chamber. Kheisin key was used to identify eimeria types. Statistical analysis of numeric material was carried out with the help of Microsoft Excel spreadsheet processor. Results and discussion. Eggs of helminth classes Fasciola, Moniezia, Nematodirus, Trichocephalus as well as eimeria oocyst had been founded in cattle and small ruminants fecal specimen. On investigated areas the degree of infection by fascioles was 28.2%, by moniezia 41.5%, by nematodirus 52.7%, by trichocephalus 28.3%, and by eimeria 51.3%. Small ruminants were infected with fascioles in 56.5%, moniezia in 52.7%, thysaniezia in 15.7%, nematodirus in 58.1%, trichocephalus in 38.5%, and eimeria in 21.3%. Taking into consideration prevalence of parasitosis of ruminant animal in private farms of Vysokogorny and Laishevskiy districts of the Republic of Tatarstan it is necessary to make up a plan of antiparasitic measures inclusive of climate pattern and developmental biology of agents.

PERFIL EPIDEMIOLÓGICO DAS PARASITOSES INTESTINAIS E AVALIAÇÃO DOS FATORES DE RISCO EM INDIVÍDUOS RESIDENTES EM UM ASSENTAMENTO RURAL DO NORDESTE BRASILEIRO

Enteroparasitosis commonly affect individuals under poor conditions of housing and sanitation. This study aimed at describing the epidemiological profile of enteroparasitosis in residents of a rural settlement, evaluating their risk factors. The study is part of the outreach project “Multidisciplinary University Action for Sustainable Development of the Cajueiro settlement in the city of Parnaiba/PI”. Parasitological analyses were performed in 49 fecal samples from individual above 13 years old. The prevalence of parasites was 73%, being 58% for monoparasitism and 83% of protozoa. In cases of biparasitism (33%), helminths corresponded to 57% and associations protozoa/helminths to 53%. The prevalence of parasitosis increased as age increased. Although not statistically associated, risk factors such as consuming food from streetmarket and reports of diarrhea showed some influence on the prevalence. It was possible to conclude that there is a high prevalence of enteroparasitoses affecting the studied population and the need to improve and monitor sanitary conditions in rural settlements.

Prevalence of Intestinal Parasitosis Among School Children in Baglung District of Western Nepal

This study was carried out to estimate the prevalence of intestinal parasites among school-going children of the Baglung municipality from December 2010 to January 2011. To find out prevalence of parasitosis among school aged children and to make necessary recommendations for preventive measures. A total of 260 stool samples were collected. A structured questionnaire was used to collect data on predisposing factors. Nails were observed without prior information to the subjects so as to find their hygienic practice. The stool samples were examined by direct wet mount and formal ether concentration technique. The total prevalence of the intestinal parasitosis was found to be 21.05%. The prevalence for individual parasites was as follows: Entamoeba histolytica (9.23%), Giardia lamblia (5.76%), Trichuris trichuria (5%), Ancylostoma duodenale (2.65%) and Ascaris lumbricoides (2.3%). Nail hygiene and level of education were significantly associated with intestinal parasitosis. The gender and age of the children, sanitary habits including toilet use, hand washing practice, and the use of the antihelminthic drug (albendazole) were not significantly associated with intestinal parasitosis. Higher prevalence was seen in boys, children belonging to age group 10-14 years, lower secondary students, among those who reported gastrointestinal problems within last six months, children from agriculture-based families and children with untrimmed nail. Major contributors for the prevalence of parasites were found to be poor personal hygiene and educational level of the children. Health education and mass treatment are recommended as a preventive measures.