Prevalence Of Overweight Obesity Research Articles

NUTRITIONAL STATUS AND RELATED FACTORS AMONG SECONDARY SCHOOL STUDENT IN HUE CITY

Introduction: The change in perception of of appearance in the adolescent, which led to shift in the nutritional status of the body. Therefore, a comprehensive assessment of nutritional status at this age needs attention and poses as a public health problem. Objectives: The aims of present study was to describle the prevalance of nutrituon status and obtain associated factors among secondary school student in Hue city. Material and method: A cross-sectional study was conducted on 613 students aged 11-14 years (6 th-9th grade) at two secondary high schools in Hue city. Students were enrolled in anthropometric measures and interviewed with the questionnaire. Results: The prevalence of protein-energy malnutrition accounted for 11.9%, of which severity was 3.9% and mild condition was 8.0%. The prevalence of overweight, obesity was 15.8% (overweight 12.9% and obesity 2.9%, respectively). Regarding factors associated with protein-energy malnutrition was found including educational of mother, dietary habits. Factors associated with overweightobesity including: mother education, snacking habits, eating too much rice. Female tend to be lower risk than male 80%. Conclusion: The prevalence of protein-energy malnutrition accounted for a high proportion of this study, and dietary habits were closely related to an increase in the prevalence of overweight-obesity. Key words: Protein-energy malnutrition, overweight-obesity, nutrition, secondary school, student

Editorial and News

Editorial and News

Overweight and obesity in children and adolescents, 2016 Halfway National Health and Nutrition Survey update

To estimate recent overweight and obesity prevalences in Mexican population under 20 years from Halfway National Health and Nutrition Survey (Ensanut MC 2016). Ensanut MC 2016 is a probabilistic national survey which gives representative information from national, regional and rural/urban levels. BMIz was estimated through weight and height, then it was classified into overweight risk or overweight or obesity ac¬cording to WHO growth reference standards. Association between overweight and sociodemographic information was analyzed through logistic regression models. Overweight-obesity prevalence was 5.1% in girls and 6.5% in boys<5y, 32.8% in girls and 33.7% in boys 5-11y, and 39.2% in female adolescents and 33.5% in male adolescents. Female adolescents from rural localities increased overweight-obesity prevalence from 27.7% in 2012 to 37.2% in 2016. Overweight-obesity increased in girls and females, mainly from rural areas. Strategies focued in containing this phenomenon are encouraged to implement in this context.

Prevalence of obesity, overweight and central obesity among adolescent girls in national school in Batticaloa district, Sri Lanka

Official Journal of the Endocrine Society of Sri Lanka. The Sri Lanka Journal of Diabetes Endocrinology and Metabolism (SJDEM) publishes original research articles, reviews, and other special features related to diabetes, endocrinology and metabolism in humans and human tissue.

Estilos de vida en escolares con sobrepeso y obesidad en una escuela primaria de México D.F

Introducción: La nutrición constituye un factor determinante de la salud, desempeño físico, mental y de la productividad, particularmente la niñez constituye una población de riesgo, ya que representa un periodo crítico en el ser humano, caracterizado por el crecimiento físico, el desarrollo psicomotor, social. México es el primer país en Latinoamérica con una alta incidencia de obesidad en escolares, de acuerdo con los criterios de la International Obesity Task Force (iotf), reporta una prevalencia nacional combinada de sobrepeso y obesidad en niños de 5 a 11 años de alrededor del 26%, para ambos sexos. Objetivos: Identificar los estilos de vida de niños en edad escolar con sobrepeso y obesidad en una primaria pública del D.F. Metodología: Estudio descriptivo, correlacional y transversal, conformado por toda la población escolar constituida por 503 alumnos de 6 a 11 años. Para la detección de sobrepeso y obesidad se tomo peso, talla así como medición del Índice de Masa Corporal (imc); se determinaron los estilos de vida a través de la aplicación de un instrumento elaborado por Ponce, Sotomayor, Bernal y Salazar (2007), el cual exploró básicamente tres áreas: alimentación, ejercicio - actividad física y recreación. Resultados: 14% del total de niños presenta problemas de sobrepeso u obesidad (71 niños), el 60% consume alimentos no preparados en casa de manera habitual, 99% refiere que la única actividad física es la que se realiza dentro de la escuela, el 34% ve televisión de 3 a 6 hrs diariamente. Existen diferencias significativas en la incidencia de sobrepeso por sexo (razón de 1.5 varones por cada mujer con sobrepeso u obesidad) y también en niños que incrementan sus horas de sedentarismo (p=&lt;.001). Discusión: Los resultados obtenidos en la etapa descriptiva coinciden con lo reportado en la literatura nacional e internacional8 y 9 Los ayunos prolongados como se mostró en el estudio son factores importantes para condicionar la obesidad tal como lo muestran Veugelers y Fitzgerald. Conclusiones: es importante realizar este tipo de estudios para poder proponer estrategias de intervención de corte educativo lo más apegadas a la situación real de las poblaciones de niños escolares a los que se pretenda cambiar a estilos de vida saludable que logren contribuir a controlar el sobrepeso y prevenir la obesidad.

The prevalence of malnutrition based on anthropometry among primary schoolchildren in Binh Dinh province, Vietnam in 2016.

ObjectiveThe study was conducted to determine the prevalence of malnutrition based on anthropometry among primary schoolchildren in Binh Dinh province, Vietnam.Material and MethodsThis was a school-based cross-sectional survey using random sample technique with multistage process. Variables in malnutrition were classifed as thinness, stunting, underweight, overweight, and obesity based on z-scores according to the World Health Organization (WHO) (2007). Anthropometric measurements were taken according to WHO's standard procedures. The Chi-square test was used to compare prevalences and the Chi-square test for trend was employed to assess the trend of the prevalence of malnutrition forms by age.Results6,514 pupils from 6 to 10 years old including 3,298 males and 3,216 females were observed. The prevalence of thinness, stunting, underweight, overweight and obesity among schoolchildren accounted for 11.19%, 6.16%, 10.79%, and 30.1%, respectively. The prevalence of underweight and that of overweight-obesity of all pupils at the age of 6 were 13.1% and 32.11%, respectively, and tended to decrease to age 10 (p < 0.01). The prevalence of thin and stunted pupils had little sign of change over ages (p > 0.05). There was a statistically significant difference in the prevalence of malnutrition in three areas of Binh Dinh (p < 0.05), in which the highest prevalence of undernutrition was in mountainous area and midland, and the highest prevalence of overweight-obesity was in urban areas.ConclusionThe prevalence of malnutrition of primary schoolchildren in Binh Dinh was relatively high, in which the prevalence of overweight-obesity was rather high in urban areas and the prevalence of undernutrition was pretty high in mountainous area and midland. This study has characterized an important public health challenge, highlighting the need for attention to potential interventions.

Dietary Calcium and Overweight in Preschoolers: Is There an Association?

Background: Several observational and experimental studies in humans and animals have noted an inverse relationship between calcium intake, particularly dairy products, and body weight and adiposity. However, these effects have not been consistently observed. Objective: To evaluate the relationship between calcium intake and anthropometric measures and adiposity in preschoolers. Methods: Cross-sectional study nested in a cohort born of 232 preschoolers from Diamantina, Minas Gerais, Brazil. The preschoolers underwent anthropometric (body mass index and waist circumference), adiposity (triceps and subscapular skinfold) and dietary (three 24-hour dietary recalls) evaluations. The association between calcium intake, adiposity and anthropometric measurements was performed using a logistic regression analysis. Results: The prevalence of overweight (overweight and obesity) among preschoolers was 17.24%. The average calcium intake was 480.51 mg/day. Only 7.7% of children reached their daily recommended intake value (800 mg/day), and calcium intake was equally low for both groups studied (p = 0.74). This study did not find a relationship between calcium intake and overweight or adiposity. Conclusions: Calcium intake was far below the recommendations for the age group studied, and no was identified association between low calcium intake and overweight or adiposity.

Food Quality and Nutritional Profile of Students from a Public School in Brazil

&lt;p&gt;&lt;em&gt;Feeding is directly related to nutritional status and alterations as obesity and malnutrition, affecting human body and increasing the risk of morbidity and mortality. This study aimed to evaluate the nutritional status of children and adolescents in a public school located in Uberaba MG Brazil by comparing macro and micronutrients on the school menu with PNAE (Brazilian government program) recommendations. A descriptive cross-sectional study including 547 individuals was carried out. Nutritional assessment was done based on anthropometric Z-score analysis. Only the food ingestion made at the school was considered, in order to verify if the meals offered by the school meet the percentage of nutrients recommended by PNAE. With regard to the nutritional status, there was a small proportion of students (0.18%) with low weight (-3 ? Z &amp;lt; -2). There was 15% prevalence of overweight (overweight, obesity, and severe obesity) among students. Menus composition revealed that macronutrients, fiber, and energy intake was lower than that recommended by PNAE for all age groups studied. The prevalence of a considerable number of overweight students is a warning for interventions to prevent obesity. A small percentage of students classified as low weight represents a nutritional transition trend in recent years.&lt;/em&gt;&lt;/p&gt;

Associations between overweight-obesity and puberty timing in children with different genders in China

Objective: To understand the associations between overweight-obesity and puberty timing in children with different genders. Methods: The girls in grade 2, 3, 7, 8 and boys in grade 3, 4, 7, 8 were recruited from primary and middle schools in North new area of Shenyang, Yanqing district of Beijing, Erqi district of Zhengzhou and Jiulongpo district of Chongqing by purposive sampling method between October and December 2014, respectively. The information of demographic characteristics of the respondents were collected and the pubertal development status was evaluated by Pubertal Development Scale (PDS). A total of 6 701 students were recruited; 6 137 out of which were valid with complete questionnaires. The associations between overweight-obesity and puberty timing were estimated by multivariate logistic regression analysis. Results: The prevalence of overweight-obesity in primary schools were 34.8% (522/1 499) among boys and 24.2% (341/1 409) among girls, respectively. The prevalence of overweight-obesity in middle schools were 31.3% (591/1 658) among boys and 21.8% (342/1 571) among girls, respectively. The prevalence of premature puberty in primary schools were 15.0% (225/1 499) among boys and 14.2% (200/1 409) among girls, respectively. The prevalence of delayed puberty in middle schools were 14.3% (237/1 658) among boys and 14.9% (234/1 571) among girls, respectively. After adjusting the effects of region, age, one-child, family income and the parents' educational levels, multivariate logistic regression analysis showed that overweight-obesity had significantly positive association with premature puberty (OR=2.16, 95%CI: 1.56-2.99) among girls in primary schools, and significantly negative association with delayed puberty (OR=0.54, 95%CI: 0.36-0.80) among girls in middle schools when compared with students with normal weights, both P values were <0.05. There was no significant associations among boys in primary and middle schools between overweight-obesity and puberty timing, and the corresponding OR(95%CI) were 1.08(0.80-1.45) and 0.93(0.69-1.27) respectively, both P values >0.05. Conclusion: There was significantly positive association between overweight-obesity and premature puberty among girls, and significantly negative association with delayed puberty among girls in middle schools; but the association was not found among boys.

Overweight and abdominal obesity in women of childbearing age of Russian, Somali and Kurdish origin and the general Finnish population.

Migrant background and higher parity may increase the risk of being overweight. We compared the prevalence of overweight (body mass index ≥25 kg/m2) and abdominal obesity (waist-to-height ratio ≥0.5) between non-pregnant migrant and Finnish women aged 18-45 years. The participants were 165 Russian, 164 Somali and 179 Kurdish origin women from the cross-sectional Migrant Health and Wellbeing study. The reference group included 388 women from the general Finnish population. Body anthropometrics were measured. The main statistical methods were logistic regression adjusted for sociodemographic and reproductive variables. The unadjusted prevalence of overweight and obesity, respectively, were higher among Somali (32.9%, 30.9%, P < 0.001) and Kurdish women (41.1%, 19.5%, P < 0.001) than among Finnish women (19.9%, 9.8%). The adjusted odds ratios (95% CI) for overweight (including obesity) were 0.54 (0.33; 0.89) for Russian, 2.89 (1.66; 5.03) for Somali and 2.56 (1.64; 4.00) for Kurdish women compared with Finnish women. Kurdish women had 2.96-fold (1.75; 5.00) adjusted odds ratio for abdominal obesity compared with Finnish women. Being parous was associated with overweight and abdominal obesity among Kurdish women. Overweight and obesity were very common among Somali and Kurdish origin women. Information on diet and physical activity in these groups is needed.

Prevalence of overweight and obesity among indigenous populations in Canada: A systematic review and meta-analysis

ABSTRACTPrevious studies on overweight and obesity among indigenous peoples in Canada have been inconclusive. A systematic review was conducted on the prevalence of overweight and obesity among Canadian indigenous populations. Major bibliographic databases were searched for relevant studies published between January 1990 and June 2013. We reviewed 594 abstracts and included 41 studies in the meta-analyses. Using the heterogeneity test (Cochrane Q) results, the overall prevalence was estimated using fixed- or random-effects model. Nonadults (<18 years) had a pooled prevalence of overweight and obesity at 29.8% (95% CI: 25.2–34.4) and 26.5% (95% CI: 21.8–31.3), respectively. The pooled prevalence of overweight and obesity among adults were 29.7% (95% CI: 28.2–31.2) and 36.6% (95% CI: 32.9–40.2), respectively. Adult males had higher overweight prevalence than females (34.6% vs. 26.6%), but lower obesity prevalence (31.6% vs. 40.6%). Nonadult girls had higher prevalence than boys [overweight: 27.6%; 95% CI: 22.6–32.7 vs. 24.7%; 95% CI: 19.0–30.5; obesity: 28.6%; 95% CI: 20.3–36.9 vs. 25.1%; 95% CI: 13.8–36.4]. Nonadult Inuit had the highest overweight and lowest obesity prevalence. Although Inuit adult had the lowest prevalence of overweight (28.7%; 95% CI: 27.3–30.2) and obesity (32.3%; 95% CI: 25.5–39.1), it was relatively high. This study highlights the need for nutritional intervention programs for obesity prevention among indigenous populations in Canada.

Nutritional assessment of women in the reproductive age group (15-49 years) from a rural area, Kolar, Kerala, India

Background: Adults in India are affected by dual burden of malnutrition such as over nutrition and under nutrition. Literature suggests that only 52% of women and 57% of men are at a normal weight for their height. Objectives: To estimate the nutritional status of women in the reproductive age group in rural Kolar and to estimate various socio-demographic factors associated with the nutritional status of women.Methods: Community based Cross-sectional study was conducted in rural field practice areas of Medical College for 6 months. 180 women in the reproductive age group of 15-49 years residing at Devarayasamudra village were included. Statistical methods: Chi-square test and multiple logistic regression were used as test of significance.Results: It was observed that out of 180 women, 49 (27.2%) of the women were overweight and 26 (14.4%) women were underweight. 36.67% women had a waist hip ratio of more than 0.85. Multivariate logistic regression showed that Age and educational status were independent risk factors for increased Waist Hip Ratio among women in reproductive age group.Conclusions: Higher prevalence of overweight and abdominal obesity was observed among women of reproductive age group in rural area. Hence measures to improve the nutritional status of women in rural areas need to be addressed.

Relationship of Body Mass Index with Diet, Physical Activities, and Lifestyles of Dental Students.

The objective of the study was to investigate the prevalence of overweight issues and obesity by recording the body mass index (BMI) and explore the dietary habits, physical activities (PAs), and lifestyles of male students at the College of Dentistry, King Saud University. A custom-designed self-administrative form and questionnaire were used in this study for data collection. The first part of the form was used to record the participants' height and weight for the BMI. The participants were grouped as underweight (BMI < 18.5), normal weight (BMI = 18.5-24.9), overweight (BMI = 25-29.9), and obese (BMI > 30.0). The second part comprised questions related to the dietary habits, PAs, and lifestyles of the male dental students. Chi-squared test was used to generate the significance of each question at significance <0.05. A total of 211 male students (mean age 22.31 ± 2.10 years) participated in the study (response rate 78.1%). The findings revealed that 29 and 28% of the dental students were overweight and obese respectively. A statistically significant difference (p < 0.05) between the groups was found for the questions asked about time spent exercising per day (p = 0.003), time spent sporting per week (p = 0.003), and time spent watching television and internet surfing per day (p = 0.012). The prevalence of overweight issues and obesity is high among the dental students compared with the general population of Saudi Arabia, and there is a need for intervention programs to combat obesity among the dental students. The awareness about PA, healthy diet/lifestyle, consequences of overweight and obesity on their health and profession must be increased among the dental students to avoid future complications. The impact of obesity on individuals' oral health and its influence on dental treatment protocols and postoperative procedures has been well documented. Dental students are more prone to obesity due to their lifestyle with less PA and disordered eating habits and, thereby, are prone to obesity-related health hazards.

Ethanolic Fraction of Terminalia tomentosa Attenuates Biochemical and Physiological Derangements in Diet Induced Obese Rat Model by Regulating Key Lipid Metabolizing Enzymes and Adipokines.

The prevalence of overweight-obesity and associated comorbidities have reached alarming levels necessitating the need to explore effective therapeutics. In the present work, we demonstrated the promising antiobesity activity of ethanolic fraction of Terminalia tomentosa bark (EFTT) in diet induced obese rat model. High Fat Diet (HFD)-fed obese rats were orally administered with EFTT (50, 100 and 200 mg/kg body weight). Changes in body weight, body composition, bone mineral concentration, bone mineral density, plasma glucose, insulin, leptin, adiponectin, circulatory and tissue lipid profiles, and the activities of liver antioxidant enzymes, key lipid metabolic enzymes and mRNA expressions of fatty acid synthase (FAS), peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor gamma (PPAR-γ), leptin and tumor necrosis factor alpha (TNF-α) were assessed in experimental rats in the presence and absence of EFTT. At a dose of 200 mg/kg b.wt, EFTT has substantially attenuated body weight and related patho-physiological alterations in HFD-induced obese rats. These findings were correlated with histological observations of adipose tissue. The therapeutic activity of EFTT could be possibly through restoration of antioxidants status, regulation of key lipid metabolizing enzymes, expression of FAS, leptin, PPAR-γ and by synchronized control of energy metabolism in liver and adipose tissue.

Associação entre Consumo Alimentar e Estado Nutricional em Agentes Comunitários de Saúde

Objective: analyze the association between food consumption and nutritional status in Community Health Workers (ACS). Materials and Methods: transversal and quantitative study carried in 40 Family Health Units belonging to the Sanitary District II in Joao Pessoa-PB, with 163 ACS selected for convenience. Participants answered a semi-structured questionnaire, covering socio-demographic data and Food Consumption Frequency Questionnaire (QFCA). To evaluate the nutritional status was performed anthropometry. Data were analyzed using the statistical program SPSS, version 21.0, which we used Fisher's Exact Test to compare the frequency of food consumption accordance with nutritional status and the other relationships we used the chi-square test. The significance level was 5%. Results: it was shown the prevalence of overweight (37,4%) and obesity (33,7%) among participants, and high risk (20,9%) and very high (44,2%) for cardiovascular disease, statistically related to females (p=0,028). As for food consumption, found himself a regular intake of legumes, cereals, meat and eggs, fried foods and meats, and sweets and soft drinks, not regular vegetables and dairy products. The non-regular consumption of fruit was higher in overweight group (84,5%). Conclusion: it was found in the study inappropriate feeding practices that may contribute to the prevalence of overweight and central obesity among the study subjects. DESCRIPTORS: Community Health Workers. Nutritional Status. Food Consumption.

Prevalence of Overweight and Obesity among Students Aged 7–22 Years in Jiangsu Province, China

ObjectiveTo report the prevalence and trend of overweight and obesity among students aged 7-22 years in Jiangsu, 2010 to 2013. MethodsThis cross-sectional study was carried out as part of students physical fitness and health survey in Jiangsu province. A total of 255,581 subjects (50.03% males and 49.97% females) enrolled in 82 school and 10 universities in Jiangsu. Weights and heights were obtained for each subject and its body mass index (BMI) was calculated using the Chinese Working Group on Obesity in China (CWGO). ResultsAnthropometric measurement including bodyweight, height, BMI and bust were significantly different between males in urban compared to females living rural areas (P<0.001). The total prevalence of overweight and obesity was 12.4% and 5.7%. Males had a significantly higher rate than in female's student. The prevalence of overweight and obesity by age groups was (14.5%, 10.3%) at age 7-11 years, (11.2%, 6.8%) at age 12-14 years, (11.7%, 3.1%) at age 15-17 years, and (11.4%, 2.3%) at age 18-22 years. By regions; the highest prevalence of overweight obesity reported in Taizhou (10%, 14.2%), Xuzhou (9.4%, 12.5%), and Nanjing (9.2%, 15.6%), respectively. ConclusionThe finding declares that overweight and obesity are important health problems among students in Jiangsu Province. Early intervention programme are needed to address this problems.

Changes in waist circumference and the prevalence of abdominal obesity during 1994-2008 - cross-sectional and longitudinal results from two surveys: the Tromsø Study.

BackgroundAbdominal obesity increases all-cause mortality and is a risk factor for a number of diseases. There are few population-based studies of the longitudinal changes of abdominal obesity.MethodsBased on data from the Tromsø Study, we studied gender- and age-specific mean waist circumference and prevalence of abdominal overweight and abdominal obesity in two surveys in 1994–1995 (Tromsø 4, 6812 men and women aged 25 to 84) and 2007–2008 (Tromsø 6, 12,493 men and women aged 30 to 87). Furthermore, we describe the longitudinal changes of waist circumference and abdominal obesity during 13 years in 3144 subjects (aged 25–69 in 1994) who attended both surveys.ResultsCross-sectional analyses found a higher mean waist circumference in men than women and a direct relationship with age in both men and women in both Tromsø 4 and in Tromsø 6. As the WHO cut-off points for abdominal obesity are gender-specific, however, the prevalence of abdominal obesity was lower in men than in women. In 2007–2008, approximately 37 and 55 % of men and women, respectively, were classified as abdominally obese. Thirteen years before, in 1994–1995, the corresponding figures were 20 and 35 %. Longitudinal analyses of changes during the 13-year period clearly demonstrated that mean waist circumference increased in all examined birth cohorts in both men (mean change 6.1 cm) and women (mean change 8.4 cm), but increased more markedly the younger the subjects were. The prevalence of abdominal obesity in men aged 25–34 increased from 5 % in 1994 to 31 % 13 years later. The prevalence of abdominal obesity more than doubled among both men and women.ConclusionsThe increasing mean waist circumference is of concern. There is a need for further longitudinal studies of the changes in waist circumference.

Hypertension and Obesity in Dakar, Senegal.

BackgroundCardiovascular disease is a major public health problem in many sub-Saharan African countries, but data on the main cardiovascular risk factors–hypertension and obesity–are almost nonexistent in Senegal. The aims of this study were therefore (i) to report the prevalence, awareness, treatment and control of hypertension among adults in Dakar, (ii) to assess the prevalence of general and central obesity, and (iii) to analyze the association between hypertension and general and central obesity.MethodsA cross-sectional survey was carried out in 2015 on a representative sample of 1000 dwellers of the Senegalese capital aged 20–90.ResultsThe overall prevalence of hypertension was 24.7%. Among hypertensive respondents, 28.4% were aware of their condition; 16.0% were on antihypertensive medication; 4.9% had controlled blood pressure. The frequency of doctor visits was a significant predictor of awareness (OR = 2.16; p<0.05) and treatment (OR = 2.57; p<0.05) of hypertension. The prevalence of underweight, overweight and general obesity were 12.6%, 19.2% and 9.7% respectively. The prevalence of central obesity was 26% by WC and 39.8% by WHtR. General obesity and central obesity by WHtR significantly predicted HTN among men and women, but not central obesity by WC.ConclusionsThis study has demonstrated a high prevalence of hypertension in Dakar and a high prevalence of obesity among women–particularly among older women. The awareness, treatment, and effective control of hypertension are unacceptably low. The blood pressure of women with general obesity, and men with central obesity, in the community should be monitored regularly to limit the burden of cardiovascular disease in Senegal.

Body mass index and waist-to-height ratio among schoolchildren with visual impairment: A cross-sectional study.

Children and adolescents with visual impairments may be predisposed to excessive body mass due to restrictions in everyday functioning and the ability to take part in physical activity. This study aimed to estimate the prevalence of obesity, overweight, and abdominal obesity (AO) among blind and partially sighted schoolchildren and to determine whether sociodemographic factors and participation in physical education classes (PEC) are associated with excessive body weight or AO in this group.A cross-sectional sample of 141 partially sighted or blind schoolchildren aged 7 to 18.9 years were included in this study. Anthropometric measurements were performed, and sociodemographic variables and ability to attend PEC were recorded. Overweight and obesity were noted among 21.3% and 14.9% of students, respectively. Although more males than females had excessive body weight (39.2% vs 32.3%), the difference was not significant (chi square test [ch2] = 3.197; probability value [P] = 0.362). There was a significant association between mean body mass index standard deviation score and age (results of ANOVA analysis [F] = 5.620; P = 0.0045). A waist-to-height ratio (WHtR) ≥0.50 was observed among 27.7% of pupils. The prevalence of AO in boys and girls was 32.9% and 21.0%, respectively; this difference was not significant (ch2 = 2.48; P = 0.12). There was a significant relationship between mean WHtR and age (7–9 years: 0.477 ± 0.050; 10–13 years: 0.484 ± 0.065; ≥14 years: 0.454 ± 0.061; results of Kruskal–Wallis test [H] = 8.729; P = 0.023, respectively).Multivariate logistic regression analysis showed that none of the sociodemographic variables examined (except “having siblings”) were significantly associated with the occurrence of overweight, obesity, and AO. Subjects with no siblings were 4 times more likely to have WHtR ≥ 0.5 (odds ratio [OR] = 4.22; 95% confidence interval [CI] = 1.33–17.8; P = 0.01).Overweight and obesity were almost 4 times more frequent (OR = 3.74; 95% CI 0.81–17.4) and AO 3 times more frequent (OR = 3.18, 95% CI 0.71–14.2) among students not participating in PEC. Excessive body mass and AO represent an urgent health problem among schoolchildren with visual impairments. Health education concerning healthy eating habits and physical activity should be provided to this group to reduce potential future health costs.

Overweight and abdominal obesity in adults living with HIV/AIDS.

To investigate the prevalence of overweight, abdominal obesity and associated factors in people living with HIV/AIDS (PLWHA). Cross-sectional study with 270 PLWHA. A questionnaire was applied to investigate sociodemographic, clinical and lifestyle characteristics. Weight, height and waist circumference were measured. BMI ≥25 kg/m2 was considered overweight, while abdominal obesity referred to waist circumference ≥102 cm for men and ≥88 cm for women. The authors used multiple Poisson regression with 5% significance level. The prevalence of overweight and abdominal obesity was 33.7% and 12.6%, respectively, referring to 37.9% of women and 5.7% of men (p<0.001). Overweight was associated with age of 40-49 years and ≥50 years, non-use of ARV therapy, and lower tertile of consumption of risk foods. Abdominal obesity was associated with: female gender, age of 40-49 years and ≥50 years, income greater than four times the minimum wage, and CD4+ lymphocyte count >350 cells/mm3. There was a high prevalence of overweight and abdominal obesity associated with sociodemographic and clinical conditions, and consumption of risk foods. This scenario indicates the need for reorientation of the health care focus in this population.