Prevalence Of Other Sexually Transmitted Infections Research Articles

Prevalence of Mycoplasma genitalium and other sexually transmitted pathogens in male urethritis in a sexual health centre in New Caledonia.

The prevalence of sexually transmitted infections (STIs) is high in New Caledonia (NC), but there are no data on Mycoplasma genitalium (MG). However, the syndromic treatment of urethritis used in the territory includes a single dose of azithromycin, which could generate resistance in MG. We recruited 217 men referred to the Noumea public medical centre (CMP) with signs of urethritis and meeting the inclusion criteria from May 2016 to March 2018. Each was tested for Neisseria gonorrhoeae (NG), Chlamydia trachomatis (CT), Trichomonas vaginalis (TV) and for the first time in NC for MG by polymerase chain reaction (PCR). The prevalence of MG was 10.1% (22/217). Azithromycin resistance of MG (mutation in the 23S rRNA gene) could only be assessed for 10 of the 22 strains. Only one (1/10; 10%) was resistant. The prevalence of other STIs tested was high, as CT, NG and/or TV were associated in 77.3% (17/22) of MG-positive cases. Although co-infections further justify syndromic management, the presence of MG in NC urethritis cases could call treatment guidelines into question.

Prevalence of cervical HPV infection, sexually transmitted infections and associated antimicrobial resistance in women attending cervical cancer screening in Mali

To assess the prevalence of sexually transmitted infections (STIs), antimicrobial resistance and cervical lesions among women from Sikasso, Mali. Women infected with human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) (n=44) and HIV-negative women (n=96) attending cervical cancer screening were included. Screening for human papillomavirus (HPV), Chlamydia trachomatis (CT), Mycoplasma genitalium (MG), Neisseria gonorrhoeae (NG) and Trichomonas vaginalis (TV) was performed using polymerase chain reaction assays, and herpes simplex virus (HSV-1/2) serological status was assessed using enzyme-linked immunosorbent assays. Antibiotic resistance tests were performed for MG- and NG-positive cases. A high prevalence of high-risk HPV (hrHPV) infection (63%) was found. This was associated with cervical lesions in 7.5% of cases. An unusual distribution was found, with HPV31, HPV56 and HPV52 being the most prevalent. The hrHPV distribution differed by HIV status, with HIV-positive cases having HPV35/31/51-52-56 and HIV-negative cases having HPV31/56/52. The seroprevalence of HSV-2 was 49%, and the prevalence of other STIs was as follows: CT, 4%; MG, 9%; NG, 1%; and TV, 7%. Five of nine MG-positive specimens and the NG strains obtained were resistant to fluoroquinolone. These results showed high prevalence of hrHPV and fluoroquinolone resistance in several NG and MG strains. Further studies are required to confirm these data in Mali, and to improve prevention, screening and management of cervical cancer and other STIs in women.

Prevalence of Neisseria gonorrhoeae and Chlamydia trachomatis in men having sex with men in Port-au-Prince, Haiti: a cross-sectional study

ObjectivesOver the last 15 years, the prevalence of HIV in Haiti has stabilised to around 2.0%. However, key populations remain at higher risk of contracting HIV and other sexually transmitted...

HIV and Other Sexually Transmitted Infections Among Female Sex Workers in Iran: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis.

Given the high burden of HIV and other sexually transmitted infections (STIs) among female sex workers (FSW) and their potential role in bridging HIV/STIs into the general population, estimating the prevalence of HIV/STIs among FSW is essential for future research and policy developments. This systematic review and meta-analysis synthesize the available HIV/STIs data among FSW in Iran. We searched MEDLINE, PsycINFO, CINAHL, Embase, Web of Science, Google Scholar, and Iranian databases from inception through to January 2018. Inclusion criteria were original quantitative studies that measured HIV/STIs prevalence among FSW. Pooled prevalence estimates were calculated using random-effects meta-analyses. Out of a total of 299 screened studies, 12 were included with total study participants of 4328 FSW. Heterogeneity was present but meta-regression analyses revealed no significant association between HIV prevalence and year of publication, city, and age. Pooled HIV prevalence was 2.23% (95% confidence interval [CI] 0.82, 3.64). We estimated the prevalence of other STIs as 0.77% (95% CI 0.01, 1.53) for hepatitis B, 6.18% (95% CI 1.32, 11.04) for hepatitis C, 0.33% (95% CI 0.00, 0.66) for syphilis, 1.47% (95% CI 0.22, 2.71) for gonorrhea, 9.80% (95% CI 4.70, 14.91) for chlamydia, and 6.18% (95% CI 4.92, 7.43) for trichomonas vaginalis. Based on the existing evidence, HIV and STIs prevalence among FSW are relatively low in Iran. Strategies for timely diagnosis and treatment of HIV and other STIs among FSW and their sexual and injecting partners are needed to reduce the burden of HIV/STIs among these vulnerable populations in Iran.

P08.14 Lymphogranuloma venereumin the czech republic

Introduction Lymphogranuloma venereum (LGV) is caused by Chlamydia trachomatis serovars L1 – L3. LGV was considered as tropical disease with typical inguinal syndrome and it wasn’t usual in Europe until 2003, when an outbreak was observed in the Netherlands. This was followed by series of outbreaks emerging in different European countries and North America. A common feature for this epidemic is men who have sex with men (MSM) with signs of severe proctocolitis. Most of the patients are co-infected with HIV and/or other sexually transmitted infections (STI). Methods The National Reference Laboratory for Chlamydia Infections offers a diagnostic service to clinicians. The disease is confirmed by the presence of Chlamydia trachomatis and L1 – L3 serovars from multiplex PCR (Seegene). Multiplex PCR is very useful, because multiple infections are observed in many cases. Results First case of LGV was diagnosed from a lymph node puncture in 2010. Then the number of patients was slowly increasing (5–10 patients per year) and the most cases were diagnosed in 2014 (23 patients). Until March 2015, a total of 56 patients with LGV were confirmed. Characteristics of these cases were similar to those in other European countries. LGV was confirmed among MSM with high prevalence of other STI. Forty-eight patients (85%) were co-infected with HIV. In some cases, HIV and LGV were diagnosed at approximately the same time. Forty-three patients (77%) were co-infected with syphilis. The data on other STI are not completed. The vast majority of patients manifested proctocolitis. Only in few cases the inguinal syndrome was observed. Conclusion Lymphogranuloma venereum is also present among MSM in the Czech Republic. We observed, that the number of cases increases. Certainly, it is necessary to expand testing of chlamydial infection in MSM, because this disease could facilitate HIV transmission. Disclosure of interest statement Nothing to declare.

P3.132 Could HIV Serosorting Explain Increases in Syphilis Prevalence Among Men Who Have Sex with Men? - A Mathematical Modelling Study

BackgroundA frequently used HIV risk reduction method among men who have sex with men (MSM) is serosorting, which can be defined as a restriction of sexual partnerships to those who...

Risk behaviors and STI prevalence among people with HIV in El Salvador.

To date, there are no studies from El Salvador among people with HIV to inform prevention programs. We conducted a study in El Salvador in 2008 among people with HIV using audio computer-assisted interviews on risk behaviors and access to health care. Blood was tested for syphilis and herpes simplex type 2 (HSV-2). Active syphilis was defined as RPR titer ≥1:8. Genital specimens were tested for other sexually transmitted infections (STI) by PCR. We evaluated factors associated with unprotected sex with last stable partner of HIV-negative or unknown status among those reporting a stable partner. A total of 811 HIV-positive individuals participated: 413 men and 398 women. Prevalence of Chlamydia and gonorrhea was low (≤1%), while prevalence of other STI was high: Mycoplasma genitalium (14%), syphilis (15% seropositivity, active syphilis 3%) and HSV-2 (85%). In multivariate analysis, disclosing HIV status to partner (OR 0.2, 95% CI: 0.1-0.3, p<0.001), participation in HIV support groups (OR 0.3, 95% CI: 0.1-0.8, p=0.01), easy access to condoms (OR 0.4, 95% CI: 0.2-0.9, p=0.04) were protective factors for unprotected sex. Reporting a casual partner in the last 12 months (OR 3.6, 95% CI: 1.5-8.5, p=0.004). and having an STI (OR 2.6, 95% CI:1.3-5.5, p=0.02) were associated with an increased odds of unprotected sex. Prevention interventions among HIV-positives in El Salvador should focus on increasing condom access, promoting HIV disclosure and couples testing and reducing the number of partners. The positive role of support groups should be used to enhance behavioral change.

Prevalence of Human Papillomavirus and Co-Existent Sexually Transmitted Infections among Female Sex Workers, Men having Sex with Men and Injectable Drug abusers from Eastern India

Human papillomavirus (HPV) is a very common sexually transmitted disease affecting both men and women and is responsible for different ano-genital cancers in either sex. Co-existing sexually transmitted infections (STI) including HIV have been considered as important co-factors for carcinogenesis induced by HPV. The purpose of this study was to determine the prevalence of any HPV, HPV 16 and HPV 18 and also concomitant STIs among female sex workers (FSW), men having sex with men (MSM) and injectable drug users (IDU). This cross-sectional study was conducted among 45 FSWs, 26 MSMs and 58 IDUs who attended the STI or de-addiction clinics. Genital scrape samples collected from glans penis and coronal sulcus in males and cervical squamo-columnar junction in females were tested for HPV DNA by PCR using HPV L1 consensus primer. Type specific PCR to detect HPV 16 and 18 was done on the samples positive on consensus PCR. All participants were tested for associated STIs including HIV and hepatitis B and cervical cytology was done on all females. Among the FSWs, HPV was detected in 73.3% and HPV 16 and 18 was detected in 25.7%. Though the HPV prevalence was similarly high among MSMs (69.2%) and IDUs (72.4%), the prevalence of HPV 16 and 18 was much lower in these groups compared to the FSWs. Prevalence of cervico-vaginal infection with Trichomonas vaginalis and syphilis was significantly higher in the HPV positive women compared to the HPV negative women. There was no statistically significant difference in the prevalence of other STIs among HPV positive and negative women and men. HPV infection is highly prevalent among FSW, MSM and IDUs. Trichomonas vaginalis infection is more frequent in HPV positive women.

O1-S08.04 Central American Surveillance Survey of Sexual Behaviour and Prevalence of HIV/STIs in vulnerable populations: female sex workers, Nicaragua, 2009

BackgroundFrom 2001 to 2009 the estimated number of adults and children living with HIV in Nicaragua nearly doubled from 3700 to 6900. In Central America, the HIV epidemic is primarily...

The effect of syndromic management interventions on the prevalence of sexually transmitted infections in South Africa

Objectives Few studies have assessed the effect of syndromic management interventions on the prevalence of sexually transmitted infections (STIs) at a population level. This study aims to determine the effect of syndromic management protocols that have been introduced in South Africa since 1994. Study design A mathematical model of sexual behaviour patterns in South Africa was used to model the incidence of HIV, genital herpes, syphilis, chancroid, gonorrhoea, chlamydial infection, trichomoniasis, bacterial vaginosis and vaginal candidiasis. Assumptions about health seeking behaviour and treatment effectiveness were based on South African survey data. The model was fitted to available STI prevalence data. Main outcome measures Reductions in STI prevalence due to syndromic management. Results Between 1995 and 2005, there were significant reductions in the prevalence of syphilis, chancroid, gonorrhoea, trichomoniasis and chlamydial infection. In women aged between 15 and 49, syndromic management resulted in a 33% (95% CI: 23–43%) decline in syphilis prevalence, a 6% (95% CI: 3–11%) reduction in gonorrhoea prevalence, a 5% (95% CI: 1–13%) reduction in the prevalence of bacterial vaginosis and a substantial decline in chancroid. However, syndromic management did not significantly reduce the prevalence of other STIs. For all STIs, much of the modelled reduction in STI prevalence between 1995 and 2005 can be attributed to either increased condom usage or AIDS mortality. Conclusions Syndromic management of STIs can be expected to decrease the prevalence of curable STIs that tend to become symptomatic, but has little effect on the prevalence of STIs that are mostly asymptomatic.

Prevalence of HIV, HCV and sexually transmitted infections among injecting drug users in Rawalpindi and Abbottabad, Pakistan: evidence for an emerging injection-related HIV epidemic

Objectives:To measure the prevalence of hepatitis C virus (HCV), HIV and sexually transmitted infections (STI) among injecting drug users (IDUs) in Rawalpindi and Abbottabad and to examine risk factors associated...

The multicentre study on factors determining the differential spread of HIV in four African cities: summary and conclusions.

In all regions of sub-Saharan Africa the predominant mode of transmission of HIV is through heterosexual intercourse however there are large variations in the rate and extent of the spread of HIV in different populations. This study was conducted to identify the factors that influence the rapid spread of HIV in four African cities namely Cotonou (Benin) Yaounde (Cameroon) Kisumu (Kenya) and Ndola (Zambia). Results demonstrated that high rates of partner change and being married are risk factors for HIV infection in men in at least one city but are risk factors for women in all four cities. In addition condom use among sex workers did not show a difference between the low and high prevalence cities. Furthermore no evidence of changes towards safer sexual behavior was identified in the high HIV prevalence cities. The only factors that were more common in the two high HIV prevalence cities than in the two low HIV prevalence cities were young age at first intercourse for women young age at first marriage and large age difference between the spouses. It was also noted that the high levels of HIV infection among young people especially among female adolescents in Kisumu and Ndola highlight the importance of interventions targeted at young people and their partners.

HIV, sexually transmitted infections, and risk behaviours in male commercial sex workers in Sydney

Objectives: To assess prevalence of HIV and sexually transmitted infections (STIs), risk behaviours, and demographics in male commercial sex workers (CSWs)/prostitutes in Sydney. Methods: Retrospective, cross sectional study with two...