Prevalence Of Oral Health Problems Research Articles

Oral health care experiences of people living with HIV in Kwazulu-Natal and Western Cape, South Africa

Purpose – The purpose of this paper is to ascertain the oral health experiences of people living with HIV/AIDS in the provinces of Kwazulu-Natal (KZN) and Western Cape (WC) in South Africa. Many studies have reported that people living with HIV have unmet needs for dental care and this study considered the various factors that affect the accessibility and utilisation of dental services as these factors are even more pertinent for the people living with HIV who have increased need for dental care. Design/methodology/approach – The participants were selected among HIV-positive people attending selected Community Health Centre and regional hospital HIV clinics in KZN and WC provinces. The sample consisted of people living with HIV that were 18 years or older and who had given written, informed consent. The sample (n=435) comprised mainly of black females in the age group 20-29 years. In total, 347 participants (79.8 per cent) had an oral health problem of which 83 per cent (n=288) received care. Findings – Of those that received care, 56.6 per cent (n=163) of the participants stated that the staff were aware of their HIV status. Almost a third of the participants who received care reported a negative experience at the clinic. If the participant lived in a metropolitan area, the participant was 3.647 times more likely to receive care than if the participant lived in a non-metropolitan area (p < 0.01) If the participant earned R5,000 or less, the participant was 0.106 times less likely to receive care (p=0.048). If the participant lived 1-5 km from the clinic, the participant was 3.371 times more likely to receive care (p=0.015). Research limitations/implications – The results are specific to KZN and WC and cannot be extrapolated with caution to the rest of South Africa. However, to the best of the author’s knowledge, there is no other study that has compared differences in the use of oral health care services by people with HIV in South Africa and these results serve as an indication of some the important issues in this regard. Additionally, this study did not have a control group of HIV-negative people which would have enabled one to determine whether certain barriers were unique to people living with HIV. Practical implications – The study highlighted the barriers to care existing within the current public health system relative to the provision of oral health services for people living with HIV in KZN and WC. It was anticipated that by ascertaining the nature and extent of unmet needs and barriers to dental care for people living with HIV, measures can be put in place to remove or at least reduce the barriers to care and improve the quality of life for people living with HIV/AIDS in South African communities. Social implications – The high prevalence of oral health problems in people living with HIV makes it imperative for the DOH to make every attempt to remove barriers to oral health care and thereby secure equitable, affordable and accessible oral health care which is acceptable for people living with HIV and accountable to the greater society. Originality/value – This study emphasises the importance of embracing people that are being discriminated and marginalised by society such as people living with HIV to ensure that they feel a franchised member of society who can take the initiative to be in control of their own health and, with the necessary aid from public resources and societal support, join forces to reduce the public health burden and its impact on the socio-economic milieu.

Role of Sugar Free Chewing Gums in Oral Health

ABSTRACT Dental caries and periodontal diseases have historically been considered the most important global oral health burdens. Hence, the dental health care needs to apply strategies for prevention of oral health problems. Chewing gum gained interest due to its ability to stimulate salivation and accelerate the clearance of fermentable carbohydrates from the dietary intake. Chewing gum with Xylitol has received special attention due to its mechanical cleaning together with saliva stimulation. These actions could lead to a therapeutic, caries lowering action and various other oral health benefits.

Oral health impact on quality of life among adults with disabilities: carer perceptions

Oral health impact on quality of life among adults with disabilities: carer perceptions

Gambaran keparahan karies pada anak usia 6, 9 dan 12 tahun di Kabupaten Pinrang , Sulawesi Selatanmenggunakanindeks PUFA/pufa Overview of severity of dental caries on 6, 9, and 12 years old children in Pinrang Regency, South Sulawesi using PUFA/pufa index

Caries remains a major challenge for public health, and is a major problem for children. Based on 2007 Basic HealthResearch, in South Sulawesi, the prevalence of oral health problems of 5-14-year-old children was 42.2% and theprevalence of active caries on children aged 12 years was 39%. This study aims to describe the severity of untreatedcaries at 6, 9 and 12 years old, using pathfinder survey, samples are 6, 9 and 12 years old, respectively 450 children,in three districts of Pinrang, South Sulawesi. Index of PUFA/pufa was used to assess the severity of untreated caries.This index records the involvement of pulp (P/p), ulceration (U/u) of oral mucosa due to tooth fragment, fistula (F/f)and abscess (A/a). The results showed that most found caries involve the pulp exposure both in the permanent (P) anddeciduous (p) on the entire sample. Overall caries prevalence on 6-year-old is 62% with the highest component ofdental caries and there are 8 permanent teeth with caries with pulp involvement. For ages 9 years 65.8% with a 10% permanent dental caries and 12 years old is the highest prevalence of caries in permanent teeth, which is 25.3%. It isconcluded that 9-year-old children in the mixed dental period showed severe caries.

Status of Oral Health Care in Hospitalized Children

The purpose of the study was to determine the level of oral health care provided to hospitalized children on acute care units at a children's hospital in an academic medical center with a dental school. The research design was descriptive. Data were collected using a short written survey for parents and a brief online survey for nurses. A convenience sample of 49 pediatric nurses and 59 parents of hospitalized children participated. According to the parents, 17% of the hospitalized children brushed their teeth more than once a day, yet 60% of these same children brushed more than once a day when at home. According to the nurse respondents, their assessments, interventions, health teaching, and referrals related to oral care are done infrequently. Over 40% of the nurses responded that they do not educate patients about oral hygiene, and 61.2% provide no nutritional education in relation to oral health. The majority (65.3%) had never entered documentation related to broken teeth or cavities, and 85.7% had never advised patients to see a dentist. The findings of this study indicate a need for improved oral health care for hospitalized children. Pediatric nurses can contribute to the identification, care, and prevention of oral health problems in children. This begins by performing and documenting oral assessments, ensuring patients brush their teeth, including oral health promotion in parent-child education, and making needed oral health referrals.

Prevalence of oral health problems in U.S. adults, NHANES 1999-2004: exploring differences by age, education, and race/ethnicity.

Using the National Health and Nutrition Examination Surveys (NHANES) 1999-2004, the authors examined age patterns in oral health indicators by race/ethnicity and socioeconomic status related to edentulism, presence of root caries, and periodontal disease. Our analysis included subjects who were non-Hispanic White, Mexican American, and African American over the age of 20, and who participated in the NHANES oral health examination. African Americans experienced more oral health problems at younger ages; as age increased, so did racial disparities in oral health problems. Lower educational attainment was strongly associated with more oral health problems at all ages. These results may indicate a faster progression of oral health problems with age among African Americans, thus suggesting that the "earlier aging" of members of racial/ethnic minorities which has been reported in prior research may also be found in oral health.

Dentition and Oral Health Status in Children and Adolescents with Type 1 Diabetes Mellitus

The descriptive type of cross-sectional study was conducted to find out the status of dentition and oral health in children and adolescents with type-1 DM in BIRDEM, Dhaka, from 1st January to 30th June 2010. Fifty two (52) samples of 5 to 19 years of age were studied to check their oral health problems. Results showed 35(67.3%) of respondents were suffering from gingivitis and dental caries, 13(25%) respondents had periodontitis and 4(7.7%) respondents had attrition and mobility. Overall prevalence of oral health problems were more in male (53.8%) than female respondents (46.2%). The Highest number (57.7%) of oral health problems occurred in 16~19 years age group (mean age 15.29}3.35years). Majority (53.8%) of the respondents did not check their blood glucose level regularly and 76.9% respondents visit dental surgeon when needed. Three fourth (75%) of the respondents brush their teeth before breakfast and 92.3% respondents used to clean their teeth only once a day. With type 1 DM, maximum respondents have ulceration of oral mucosa (76.9%) and only 5.8% respondents have normal oral mucosa. Three fourth (73.1%) of the respondents had unhealthy tonsils and maximum (57.7%) respondents had ulceration of tongue. Near about half of the respondents (48.1%) had good oral health status among children and adolescents with type 1 DM. DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3329/cdcj.v9i2.12317 City Dental College J. Volume-9, Number-2, July-2012

부산지역 일부 치과의원 내원환자의 구강건강 지식 및 인식과 실천수준 비교

Objectives : To propose the data for prevention of oral health problems through assessment on the knowledge, cognition and practice about oral health care of the clients who visit dental clinics. Methods : The subjects were total 400 clients from the four dental clinics in Busan city. Their knowledge, cognition and performances about oral healthcare collected with questionnaire survey from February to March, 2011. The rate and mean compared by chi-square test, t-test, and ANOVA. Results : Mean level of their knowledge, recognition and practice were 72.5, 80.2, and 65.6, respectively. Theses levels were higher in women (p<0.01), in the group of higher interested (p<0.001), immediately treated (p<0.001), correct tooth brushing (p<0.05), toothbrushing educated (p<0.001), take regular scaling (p<0.001), use assistant hygiene items (p<0.001), instead no differences by age and education level. And, the rate of correct toothbrushing was higher as 1.24 (1.03~1.50) times in the group with higher knowledge level, the rate of immediate treatment and regular scaling were higher as 1.35 (1.07~1.70) times, and 2.26 (1.41~3.64) times in the group with higher recognition level, respectively. Conclusions : These results demonstrate that insufficient knowledge and recognition of oral health care are related to a lack of its practice. Though their primary goal of the visits was treatment, the clients' attention needed to raise the comprehensive knowledge and recognition levels for their oral health promotion, especially reach to the performance level rather than simple knowledge acquisition. And more, to achieve the efficient oral health promotion, the importance of early treatment and strengthened efforts for prevention should be emphasized.

Oral status and the need for oral health care among patients hospitalised with acute medical conditions

To investigate the prevalence of oral health problems in patients hospitalised with acute medical conditions. Increases in our knowledge of oral health and its effects on overall well-being have helped us elucidate the relationship between oral health, disease and treatment. Currently, little is known regarding the number of patients requiring oral care at the time of hospitalisation. This was a cross-sectional study that assessed patients hospitalised with acute medical conditions using the Revised Oral Assessment Guide (ROAG). The ROAG was translated into Danish, and three experienced nurses performed the assessments. A visual guide was used to calibrate the assessments. The data were analysed with spss to determine the percentage of participants who exhibited specific clinical characteristics. Ninety-one per cent of the newly admitted patients in this study had one or more oral health problems. Common oral problems, listed in order of the most frequent first, included the following: local plaque or debris, decayed teeth or damaged dentures and dryness and/or changes in the colour of the tongue. There was a correlation between age and the number of oral health problems. In this study, oral health was severely affected at the time that patients were hospitalised for acute medical issues. Highlights the need for standardised oral health assessments of acutely hospitalised patients, which should begin as soon as the patient's condition allows. Without these oral health assessments, a number of oral problems may not be detected and may increase in severity.

Sociodemographic factors associated with the dental health of persons with diabetes in France

This paper describes and compares the oral health status among people with and without diabetes in France, and analyzes the related socioeconomic factors. The study is based on data from the cross-sectional national health survey conducted in France from 2002 to 2003, which included 19,231 people over 35 years of age, among whom 1,111 reported having diabetes. Data were collected through interviews that inquired about oral health status and use of dental care services, income, educational level, health insurance, place of residence, and birthplace. The prevalence of oral health problems was higher among subjects who had diabetes, compared with those who were nondiabetic (16.4% vs. 13.4%). Dental care utilization during the survey period was reported to be 8.7% among subjects who were diabetic versus 12.9% among those who were nondiabetic. The subjects with diabetes were more likely to have dental problems (OR = 1.47, CI = 1.03-2.08) and wear removable dentures (partial and complete) when their income was lower (OR = 2.17, CI = 1.52-3.10). There were social inequalities in oral health among people with diabetes in France according to income level.

Oral Health Problems And Causes Of Tooth Loss At The University Of Nigeria Teaching Hospital, Enugu-Nigeria

Context Several oral diseases and conditions are associated with tooth loss. Objective: The aim of this study was to determine the prevalence of oral health problems seen at the University of Nigeria Teaching Hospital (UNTH) in one year with the view to highlighting causes of tooth loss in this environment. Methods This study utilised data from the Record book of the Oral Diagnosis unit of the Dental clinic in UNTH, Enugu. Records of patients seen from January to December 2008 with complete information were included in the study. Data obtained were patient's age, gender, provisional diagnosis, teeth lost and reasons for the loss. The data were computer- analysed; Chi square statistics was used to test for association and differences. Values were considered significant when p-value was equal to or less than 0.05. Results A total of 1663 entries were made; 686 (41.3%) were males and 977 (58.7%) females. On the whole, 110 (6.6%) had traumatic injuries, 70 (4.2%) had malocclusion while 583 (35.1%) had periodontal disease. Periodontal disease, pulpitis and dental caries were not only the most common oral health problems encountered but also the major causes of tooth loss. Conclusion The major causes of tooth loss in our study were periodontal disease and dental caries and its sequelae. Since these two diseases are preventable, existing measures to check them should be more aggressively pursued. Also, recruitment of manpower to manage the different conditions would be very timely for greater retention of teeth despite an aging society.Key words: Oral health; Tooth loss; UNTH; Enugu

Disparities in self reported oral health problems among a young Syrian adult population

To describe the prevalence of dental pain and other oral health problems among a young Syrian adult population and to identify socio-demographic factors associated with these experiences. An industrial sample of 400 men and women aged 18-34 years from Damascus, Syria. Study participants were interviewed about their experience of oral health problems in the previous year (1998). Socio-demographic information was collected. 93% (369) of the interviews were completed. The prevalence of oral health problems was high, with 96% (353) of respondents claiming that they experienced one or more problems in the previous year. Two thirds of participants (65%, 239) claimed they had dental pain in the previous year. Analysis revealed that dental pain experience was significantly associated with age and gender. Analysis considering all factors revealed that the odds of experiencing dental pain were higher amongst the younger age group (18-24 compared to 25-34 year-olds). The prevalence of oral health problems was high among the population studied. Socio-demographic variations in experience of dental pain were apparent, with young men of lower education having the greatest odds of dental pain experience in the previous year.

Prevalence of oral health problems in a group of individuals with Down syndrome in France

This cross‐sectional study describes oral health problems in a sample of children with Down syndrome (DS) compared with their siblings. Data were collected using the Oral Assessment ‐ Down Syndrome questionnaire, a validated French language evaluation to be completed by the child's carer. Parents attending a national meeting anonymously answered a questionnaire for their child with DS and for the sibling closest in age and returned their replies by post. Data concerning 204 individuals with DS (103 males, 101 females; mean age 9.6 years) and 161 of their siblings (80 males, 81 females; mean age 11.8 years) were returned. The association between DS status, age, and oral health was analysed. There was a greater frequency of oral health problems in those with DS with regard to function, clinical signs, disability, and development. The prevalence of chewing problems did not improve with age, the prevalence of bleeding gums and mouth breathing increased with age, and that of tongue protrusion reduced with age. Most parents rated the general and oral health of their children with DS highly, although worse than for their siblings.

Prevalence of oral health problems in a group of individuals with Down syndrome in France.

This cross-sectional study describes oral health problems in a sample of children with Down syndrome (DS) compared with their siblings. Data were collected using the Oral Assessment - Down Syndrome questionnaire, a validated French language evaluation to be completed by the child's carer. Parents attending a national meeting anonymously answered a questionnaire for their child with DS and for the sibling closest in age and returned their replies by post. Data concerning 204 individuals with DS (103 males, 101 females; mean age 9.6 years) and 161 of their siblings (80 males, 81 females; mean age 11.8 years) were returned. The association between DS status, age, and oral health was analysed. There was a greater frequency of oral health problems in those with DS with regard to function, clinical signs, disability, and development. The prevalence of chewing problems did not improve with age, the prevalence of bleeding gums and mouth breathing increased with age, and that of tongue protrusion reduced with age. Most parents rated the general and oral health of their children with DS highly, although worse than for their siblings.

Nurses' dental assessments and subsequent care in Minnesota nursing homes.

Concerns about the quality of care in US nursing homes led to 1987 federal regulations mandating a national standardized resident assessment. This assessment, or Minimum Data Set (MDS), is performed by nurses on all residents and includes items to detect oral health problems. As yet, however, there are few data on the utility of these MDS oral health evaluations. In this study, we analyzed data from Minnesota nursing homes to determine the prevalence of oral health problems ("triggers") requiring dental referral from the MDS, version 1 (Items L and M). We also analyzed the relationship between these MDS assessments and subsequent dental care. Data came from a 1994 Minnesota nursing home dental utilization study containing information on 466 residents (dental users and non-users) sampled from 21 nursing homes. Nurses identified 3.2% of residents as having oral debris, 3.0% with broken, loose, or carious teeth, and only four (0.9%) residents with gum inflammation/soft tissue problems. Only one resident (0.2%) was identified with mouth pain. Regression analyses of data from 135 residents admitted since 1992 revealed no relationship between the presence of MDS "triggers" and subsequent utilization measured in visits/year and gross charges/year. Nurses' MDS assessments identified few oral health problems, and those problems identified did not translate into dental treatment, raising questions about the utility of the current approach.