Prevalence Of Obesity In Men Research Articles

Correlación entre testosterona, presión sanguínea, índice de masa corporal y edad en varones jóvenes

IntroductionThe prevalence of obesity in men has been related with changes in systolic blood pressure levels and testosterone. ObjetiveThe purpose of this study was to evaluate the relation among body mass index (BMI), systolic blood pressure (SBP) and testosterone at different ages in young males. Material and methodsIn this work, was used a cross-sectional study, including a representative sample of 328 healthy males in ages 17 to 21 years old. BMI and SBP were evaluated using standard international procedures. The technique of immunoassay (ELISA) was used to measure concentration of testosterone. ResultsThe results showed that testosterone was positively associated to BMI in men with low weight (r = 0.135), normal weight (r = 0.395), overweight (r = 0.039) and inversely related (r = –0.130) with obese males. Other results, showed that testosterone was positively related to SBP in men with low weight (r = 0.406), normal weight (r = 0.922; p = 0.005), overweight (r = 0.673) and inversely associated (r = –0.144) with obese males. In addition, the testosterone was positively associated with the age in young males with low weight (r = 0.853) normal weight (r = 0.948; p = 0.005), overweight (r = 0.759) and obese men (r = 0.365). ConclusionsThe results suggest that variations in testosterone levels were associated with changes to systolic blood pressure and this association can be mediated at least partially to obesity degree.

Converging Prevalences of Obesity across Educational Groups in Switzerland*

To assess whether the rapid increase in obesity prevalence among persons with higher education levels observed in one U.S. study is also observed in a European adult population. This study involved continuous surveillance of the adult population of Geneva, Switzerland (1993 to 2004), with annual random, independent, cross-sectional, representative samples (6635 men and 6558 women, ages 35 to 74 years) and analysis of 12-year trends in obesity prevalence across educational level subgroups. Obesity prevalence in men had an upward trend in the medium education subgroup (p < 0.02), a borderline upward trend in the high education subgroup (p < 0.08), but no trend in the low education subgroup. There was a borderline trend interaction between the male low and medium education subgroups (p < 0.09). Obesity prevalence in women had a borderline increase in the low education subgroup (p < 0.08), an almost borderline increase in the high education subgroup (p = 0.11), but no significant trend in the medium education subgroup. There was no evidence of trend interaction between the female education groups. In Geneva, as in the United States, the inverse association between education level and obesity rates has weakened over time among men, but, inconsistent with the U.S. findings, has persisted for women. Explanations may include more physically demanding occupations for men with low education levels and different attitudes toward body image between the sexes.

Anthropometry measures and prevalence of obesity in the urban adult population of Cameroon: an update from the Cameroon Burden of Diabetes Baseline Survey

BackgroundThe objective of the study was to provide baseline and reference data on the prevalence and distribution of overweight and obesity, using different anthropometric measurements in adult urban populations in Cameroon.MethodsThe Cameroon Burden of Diabetes Baseline Survey was a cross-sectional study, conducted in 4 urban districts (Yaoundé, Douala, Garoua and Bamenda) of Cameroon, using the WHO Step approach for population-based assessment of cardiovascular risk factors. Body mass index, waist circumference and waist-to-hip ratio were measured using standardized methods. Overall, 10,011 individuals, 6,004 women and 4,007 men, from 4,189 households, aged 15 years and above participated.ResultsBased on body mass index, more than 25% of urban men and almost half of urban women were either overweight or obese with 6.5% of men and 19.5% of women being obese. The prevalence of obesity showed considerable variation with age in both genders. Using body mass index provided the highest prevalence of obesity in men (6.5%) and waist-to-hip ratio the lowest prevalence (3.2%). Among women, using waist-to-hip ratio and waist circumference yielded the highest prevalence of obesity (28%) and body mass index the lowest (19.5%). There was a trend towards an increase in age-adjusted odd ratios of being overweight or obese with duration of education in both sexes.ConclusionThe study provides current data on anthropometric measurements and obesity in urban Cameroonian populations, and found high prevalences of overweight and obesity particularly over 35 years of age, and among women. Prevalence varied according to the measure used. Our findings highlight the need to carry out further studies in Cameroonian and other Sub-Saharan African populations to provide appropriate cut-off points for the identification of people at risk of obesity-related disorders, and indicate the need to implement interventions to reverse increasing levels of obesity.

Trends in National and State-Level Obesity in the USA after Correction for Self-Report Bias: Analysis of Health Surveys

To quantify population-level bias in self-reported weight and height as a function of age, sex, and the mode of self-report, and to estimate unbiased trends in national and state level obesity in the USA. Statistical analysis of repeated cross-sectional health examination surveys (the National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey [NHANES]) and health surveys (the Behavioral Risk Factor Surveillance System [BRFSS]) in the USA. The 50 states of the USA and the District of Columbia. In the USA, on average, women underreported their weight, but men did not. Young and middle-aged (<65 years) adult men over-reported their height more than women of the same age. In older age groups, over-reporting of height was similar in men and women. Population-level bias in self-reported weight was larger in telephone interviews (BRFSS) than in-person interviews (NHANES). Except in older adults, height was over-reported more often in telephone interviews than in-person interviews. Using corrected weight and height in the year 2000, Mississippi (30%) and Texas (31%) [corrected] had the highest prevalence of obesity for men; Texas (37%), Louisiana (37%), Mississippi (37%), District of Columbia (37%), Alabama (37%), and South Carolina (36%) for women. Population-level bias in self-reported weight and height is larger in telephone interviews than in-person interviews. Telephone interviews are a low-cost method for regular, nationally- and sub-nationally representative monitoring of obesity. It is possible to obtain corrected estimates of trends and geographical distributions of obesity from telephone interviews by using systematic analysis which measure weight and height from an independent sample of the same population.

Trends in national and state-level obesity in the USA after correction for self-report bias: analysis of health surveys

ObjectivesTo quantify population-level bias in self-reported weight and height as a function of age, sex, and the mode of self-report, and to estimate unbiased trends in national and state level obesity in the USA. DesignStatistical analysis of repeated cross-sectional health examination surveys (the National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey [NHANES]) and health surveys (the Behavioral Risk Factor Surveillance System [BRFSS]) in the USA. ResultsIn the USA, on average, women underreported their weight, but men did not. Young and middle-aged (565 years) adult men over-reported their height more than women of the same age. In older age groups, over-reporting of height was similar in men and women. Population-level bias in self-reported weight was larger in telephone interviews (BRFSS) than in-person interviews (NHANES). Except in older adults, height was over-reported more often in telephone interviews than in-person interviews. Using corrected weight and height in the year 2000, Mississippi (31%) and Texas (30%) had the highest prevalence of obesity for men; Texas (37%), Louisiana (37%), Mississippi (37%), District of Columbia (37%), Alabama (37%), and South Carolina (36%) for women. ConclusionsPopulation-level bias in self-reported weight and height is larger in telephone interviews than in-person interviews. Telephone interviews are a low-cost method for regular, nationally- and sub-nationally representative monitoring of obesity. It is possible to obtain corrected estimates of trends and geographical distributions of obesity from telephone interviews by using systematic analysis which measure weight and height from an independent sample of the same population.

Prevalence of Obesity and Metabolic Syndrome in Taiwan

Obesity and metabolic syndrome (MS) are major risk factors for the development of type 2 diabetes and cardiovascular diseases (CVD). This study estimated the prevalence of obesity and MS in Taiwan. Data from a nationwide cross-sectional population-based survey of 5936 participants (2815 men, 3121 women; age range, 20-79.9 years) in 2002 were analyzed. Obesity was defined as a body mass index (BMI) > or = 27 kg/m(2) according to the criteria of the Department of Health in Taiwan. The prevalence of MS was estimated using the definitions of the modified Adult Treatment Panel III (ATP III), the International Diabetes Federation for Chinese (MS-IDF(C)) and the MS criteria for Taiwanese (MS-TW). The overall prevalence of obesity in men was significantly greater than in women (19.2% vs. 13.4%, p < 0.0001). The age-standardized prevalence of MS was 15.7% by the modified ATP III criteria, 14.3% by the MS-IDF(C) criteria and 16.4% by the MS-TW criteria. The prevalence of obesity and MS significantly increased with age (trend test, p < 0.0001) in men and women. The risk of MS and its components increased significantly with BMI, and showed a marked increase with BMI > or = 24 kg/m(2). MS as classified by the MS-IDF(C) criteria failed to identify subjects at high risk of CVD who did not have abdominal obesity, including those with hypertension, type 2 diabetes and dyslipidemia. This study found a high prevalence of obesity and MS in Taiwan. The definitions of MS by the modified ATP III and MS-TW criteria were better able to detect high CVD risk than the MS-IDF(C) criteria.

The Prevalence of Obesity and its Relationship with Lifestyle Factors in Jamaica

We surveyed the prevalence of obesity in the general population in Jamaica, and examined the relationship between it and lifestyle. The survey population consisted of 1,935 inhabitants in Jamaica, whose body weight, height, marital status, educational history, employment status and other obesity-associated lifestyle factors were surveyed. Six major findings emerged. The first finding is that the proportion of obesity in women was very high, and there was a big gender difference. Secondly, a lower prevalence towards obesity was associated with cohabitation of the subjects in both genders, and higher educational levels in female subjects. Thirdly, the proportion of the subjects who considered their weight to be quite acceptable was higher in the obese/overweight groups in both genders. Fourthly, exercise frequency showed a negative correlation with the body mass index (BMI) in men, and the frequency of exercising was apparently lower in women than in men. Fifthly, as for dietary factors, in both genders vegetables showed a negative correlation with the BMI. Sixthly, non-smokers were also associated with a lower obesity prevalence in men. In conclusions, these findings suggest that social and lifestyle factors such as the educational level, marital status and dietary habits of the general population influence Jamaican obesity.

Obesity and lifestyle in Jamaica

We surveyed the prevalence of obesity in the general population in Jamaica, and examined the relationship between it and lifestyle. The survey population consisted of 1935 inhabitants, whose body weight, marital status, educational history, and other obesity-associated lifestyle factors were surveyed. Six major findings emerged. The first finding is that the proportion of obesity in women was very high, and there was a big gender difference. Secondly, a lower prevalence towards obesity was associated with cohabitation of the subjects in both genders, and higher educational levels in female subjects. Thirdly, the proportion of the subjects who considered their weight to be quite acceptable was higher in the obese/overweight groups in both genders, although they felt physically unfit. Fourthly, exercise frequency showed a negative correlation with the body mass index (BMI) in men but not in women, and the frequency of exercising was apparently lower in women than in men. Fifthly, as for dietary factors, in both genders, vegetables showed a negative correlation with the BMI. Finally, non-smokers were also associated with a lower obesity prevalence in men. These findings suggest that social and lifestyle factors such as the educational level, marital status and dietary habits of the general population influence Jamaican obesity.

Importance of preventing weight gain in adulthood.

In the last 20 years, there has been a dramatic upsurge in the average weight of Australian adults. In this period, on average, Australian women have gained 4.8 kg, whilst Australian men have gained 3.6 kg. Consequently, the prevalence of obesity in men has increased from 8% to 19% and in women from 7% to 21%. This threatens to wipe away many recent health gains, as obesity has been associated with a wide range of chronic and debilitating illnesses, such as diabetes, heart disease, some cancers, sleep apnoea and osteoarthritis. Any weight gain in adulthood is usually as a result of an increase in fat stores, and the risk of ill-health from increasing weight actually begins at quite low BMI. Unfortunately, weight gain can be difficult or slow to reverse in the middle years because of physiological and behavioural changes that occur at this time of life. Adults should focus on preventing or minimizing weight gain over time by retaining physical activity within their daily living and by sensible dietary changes. Even if weight gain does occur with age, a regimen of regular exercise and a diet rich in fruit and vegetables and low in fat will provide some protection against a rapid decline in health.

Obesity in men: Dealing with a growing problem

Statistics on the prevalence of obesity in men give cause for concern: 17% of all men in England are obese and more than 60% are overweight (Department of Health, 1999). Of greater concern is the rapid rise in obesity over the last two decades. Obesity in men has more than doubled in the last 20 years (National Audit Office, 2001). Data from Ireland (McCarthy et al, 2002) shows that for the first time obesity levels in men have overtaken obesity levels in women: 20% of men are obese compared with 16% of women.

Analyses of the anthropometric data from the North/South Ireland Food Consumption Survey.

To obtain measured anthropometric data for weight, height and other parameters not previously measured in the Irish population such as waist and hip circumferences and body composition. A cross-sectional survey. Weight, height, waist circumference, hip circumference and body composition were measured according to standard procedures. Northern Ireland and the Republic of Ireland, 1997-1999. Random representative sample of 1379 adults aged 18-64 years. With the exception of body fat, all anthropometric values were significantly higher for men than women (P<0.001). All measurements were significantly higher in the 36-50-year-old age group compared with 18-35 year olds. Height was the exception, which decreased significantly with age (P<0.05). Weight, height and body mass index (BMI) have increased in Ireland since last measured in 1988 and in 1990. Over the last decade, obesity has increased in men 2.5 fold from 8% to 20% and in women by 1.25 fold from 13% to 16%. Significantly more women have a normal BMI than men (50.4% vs. 33.3%; P<0.05). Cut-off points for a high waist circumference and high waist-to-hip ratio identified 47% and 33% of the population, respectively, to be at an increased risk for cardiovascular disease. Social class did not have any significant effect on mean BMI. Location of residence influenced BMI but not in any consistent manner. Ex-smokers had a significantly higher BMI than non-smokers and smokers (P<0.05). A revision of current recommendations for combating obesity is warranted to improve the health of the Irish population. Further research is needed to identify the factors that have contributed to the dramatic increase in the prevalence of obesity in men over the last decade and have resulted in a higher prevalence of obesity in men than in women.

Influence of sociodemographic factors in the prevalence of obesity in Spain. The SEEDO'97 Study.

To analyse the influence of social and cultural factors in the prevalence of obesity in the Spanish adult population aged 25--60 y based on available population data. Pooled analysis of four cross-sectional nutrition surveys. A total of 5388 free-living subjects aged 25--60 y, respondents of the Nutritional Surveys carried out in four Spanish regions (Catalunya, Basque Country, Madrid and Valencia) from 1990 to 1994. The samples were pooled together and weighted to build a national random sample. Weight and height were measured on each individual by trained observers. Age, gender, educational level, occupation, habitat (rural/urban) and region were considered. Obesity was defined as body mass index > or = 30 kg/m(2). The protocol used in each survey was in accordance with the recommendations of the Spanish Society for the Study of Obesity (SEEDO). Logistic regression models were designed to analyse the influence of sociodemographic factors in the prevalence of obesity in men and women. The prevalence of obesity was higher in older age groups in men and women, odds ratio (OR) for every 10 y OR=1.40 (95% CI 1.39--1.41) for men and OR=1.86 (95% CI 1.85--1.87) for women. Logistic regression analysis adjusted for age showed higher obesity rates among low educated people, OR=1.80 (95% CI 1.78--1.81) in men and OR=2.36 (95% CI 2.29--2.42) in women (P<0.001). Among men the odds ratio for the prevalence of obesity in rural areas was OR=1.87 (95% CI 1.86--1.89), compared to cities. The geographical distribution showed higher obesity rates in the southeast. This study supports that obesity is a multifactorial problem. Older women with low educational level and low income seem to be the most susceptible group to weight gain. Therefore, Public Health Programs should consider this type of environmental factor when planning strategies aimed at preventing or reducing the problem of obesity in western societies.

Changes in the Prevalence and Incidence of Diabetes Mellitus in Finnish Adults, 1970–1987

Prevalence and incidence of known diabetes mellitus in Finnish subjects aged 30 years or over in 1970-1987 were investigated using a nationwide register of drug recipients and four population surveys. On the basis of the drug-register data, the prevalence of drug-treated diabetes in men increased from 1.5% in 1970 to 2.8% in 1987. In women, the prevalence increased from 2.1% in 1970 to 3.0% in 1979 and declined thereafter slightly to 2.7% in 1987. The increase in the prevalence of drug-treated diabetes was mainly due to the increase of diabetes in the age groups 60 years and older. The prevalence of all known diabetic subjects in the population studies increased from 2.1% in the health examination survey of 1966-1972 (n = 38,676) to 3.5% in the interview survey of 1976 (n = 10,657) and to 4.5% in the health examination survey of 1979-1980 (n = 7,217) but decreased to 3.3% in the interview survey in 1987 (n = 9,522). The increased prevalence of obesity in men and better survival may be important factors contributing to the increasing prevalence rates of diabetes in Finnish subjects aged 30 years and over.

TENDENCY OF OBESITY IN MALE POPULATION OF DISTRICT CHARSADDA

BACKGROUND: Obesity has become a global issue. As more and more countries embrace indoorlifestyles and western eating habits, the number of people to fall in line of ‘obese’ is increasing day byday in the developing countries.OBJECTIVES: The objective was to assess trends of obesity and its relationship with diet and physicalactivity among adult men of District Charsadda.MATERIAL &amp; METHOD: A total of 400 adult males of age group 25-65 years, were selected fromfour union councils by multistage sampling. Data was collected using structured questionnaires andanthropometric indices were calculated using standard tools for height, weight and then BMI wascalculated. Analysis was done using SPSS program and results were evaluated in the light of theproposed hypothesis. The study was conducted from 10th March 2013 to 10th September 2013.RESULTS: showed that there is 20% obesity in the four union councils of study population, having37% frequency below 40 years and 63% above 40 years age among men. Analysis of the results showedthat high caloric diet and sedentary life style i.e. decreased physical activity showed positive correlationwith obesity.CONCLUSION: It was concluded that the prevalence of obesity in men belonging to different classeswere high and needs appropriate and timely response from the concerned departments to reduce theburden of obesity and its associated complications.Key words: Obesity, Physical Activity, Diet, Sedentary Life Style.