Prevalence Of Nutritional Deficits Research Articles

Estado nutricional de pré-escolares de creche pública: um estudo longitudinal

O objetivo do estudo foi monitorar o estado nutricional de pré-escolares de uma creche pública. Trata-se de um estudo longitudinal, antes (t0) e depois (t1), com 51 crianças de 2 a 4 anos de idade. Os procedimentos foram: avaliação antropométrica (P/I, P/E e E/I - OMS 2006, classificação SISVAN-2008); avaliação bioquímica (colesterol total, HDLc, LDLc, triglicerídeos e glicose); avaliação hematológica (hemoglobina); avaliação dietética (pesagem direta dos alimentos e registro alimentar). Para determinação de energia, carboidratos, lipídeos, proteína, fibra alimentar, cálcio, ferro, vitaminas A e C, utilizou-se software Diet Pro, 4.0. Utilizando-se o Índice de Adequação (IA= média do consumo/ EAR ou AI), avaliou-se a adequação do consumo alimentar. As ações em nutrição foram: modificações nos cardápios, atividades pedagógicas, oficina culinária e palestras com os pais e equipe da creche. Observou-se redução de prevalência para déficit E/I e P/I, redução da prevalência de anemia, aumento do consumo de energia, carboidratos, proteínas, vitaminas A e C, ferro e redução discreta do cálcio. Energia, ferro, cálcio e vitamina C apresentaram probabilidade de adequação ≥50%. Concluiu-se que se torna importante o monitoramento do estado nutricional de crianças pré-escolares atendidos em creches públicas, bem como ações de educação nutricional.

Early determinants of overweight and obesity at 5 years old in preschoolers from inner of Minas Gerais, Brazil.

Brazil is experiencing a nutritional transition characterized by a reduction in the prevalence of nutritional deficits and an increase in overweight and obesity, not only in adults but also in children and adolescents. This study was designed to evaluate the factors associated with overweight and obesity in Brazilian 5-year-old preschoolers. A cross-sectional study of a cohort of 232 preschoolers born in Diamantina/Minas Gerais, Brazil, was undertaken. The data, including socioeconomic status, anthropometry, diet, previous history of the preschoolers and family history, were collected between July of 2009 and July of 2010. To identify the factors associated with overweight and obesity, a logistic regression and a hierarchical model were undertaken. Overweight and obesity occurred in 17.2% of the preschoolers. After adjusting for mother's obesity, per capita income, protective food intake, weight gain at age 0-4 months and time spent playing, the factors associated with overweight and obesity that reached statistical significance were mother's obesity [OR = 3.12 (95%CI 1.41-6.91), P = 0.01], weight gain of more than 0.85 kg/month in the first four months of life [OR = 2.16 (95%CI 1.01-4.64), P = 0.04] and lower per capita income [OR = 0.32 (95%CI 0.13-0.79), P = 0.01]. The results show that more weight gain during the first four months of life and being born of mothers with obesity increased the odds of overweight/ obesity in the preschoolers, while lower per capita income was a protective factor.

Comparação do estado nutricional infantil com utilização de diferentes curvas de crescimento

OBJETIVO:Comparar a classificação do estado nutricional de pré-escolares segundo três curvas de crescimento. MÉTODOS:Estudo transversal realizado com 350 crianças de 2 a 5 anos de instituições públicas e particulares do município de Viçosa (MG). A partir do peso e da estatura foram obtidos os índices antropométricos: peso para idade, peso para estatura, índice de massa corporal para idade e estatura para idade. Para classificação de peso insuficiente (menor que -1 escore-Z), eutrofia e excesso de peso (maior que +1 escore-Z), foram consideradas as curvas do National Center for Health Statistics 1977, Centers for Disease Control 2000 e World Health Organization 2006. Para avaliar a concordância entre as curvas, foi utilizada a estatística Kappa. Consideraram-se o National Center for Health Statistics, já recomendado pelo Ministério da Saúde, e a World Health Organization, atual recomendação, como padrão de referência, a fim de se compararem os valores de sensibilidade, especificidade, valor preditivo positivo e valor preditivo negativo. RESULTADOS: A prevalência de peso insuficiente foi maior segundo o Centers for Disease Control. Já com relação ao excesso de peso e deficit estatural, maiores prevalências foram obtidas pela World Health Organization. O National Center for Health Statistics e a World Health Organization apresentaram valores mais próximos de sensibilidade e valor preditivo positivo quando comparados com Centers for Disease Control, assim como também apresentaram melhor correlação (k>0,61). CONCLUSÃO: Foram encontradas diferenças nas prevalências de deficits nutricionais, tendo as curvas da World Health Organization apresentado maiores valores de sensibilidade. A adoção dessas curvas pelos profissionais da área da saúde permite uma avaliação mais adequada do crescimento infantil por tratar-se de um padrão de crescimento atual, recomendado para uso internacional.

Nutritional status and anemia in Suruí Indian children, Brazilian Amazon

To assess the nutritional status of Suruí Indian children aged less than 10 years by means of anthropometric measurements and determination of hemoglobin concentration levels. The study was carried out from February to March 2005 in the Sete de Setembro Indian Reservation, located on the boundary between the states of Rondônia and Mato Grosso, Amazonia, Brazil. Height and weight were measured according to standard procedures and then compared with the National Center for Health Statistics reference values (n = 284). Hemoglobin concentration was determined by a portable Beta-hemoglobinometer (Hemocue) (n = 268). The percentages of children <or= -2 z scores for height for age, weight for age and weight for height were 25.4, 8.1 and 0%, respectively. For children aged less than 5 years, the percentages were 31.4, 12.4 and 0%. Most children had anemia (80.6%), with a rate of up to 84.0% among those aged 6 to 59 months. There is a high prevalence of protein-energy undernutrition and anemia among Suruí children. Comparison with a previous survey indicated that the prevalence of height for age deficit significantly decreased between 1987 and 2005 (from 46.3 to 26.7% in children younger than 9 years). On the other hand, 3.9% of the children were overweight in 2005, a finding that had not been reported in 1987. The prevalence of anemia did not change remarkably between these years. Despite the improvement in anthropometric parameters, the prevalence of nutritional deficit has been persistently higher than that observed in the Brazilian population at large. It is therefore necessary that systematic and regular monitoring of indigenous children's growth and development be implemented, focusing mainly on nutritional surveillance.

Comparison of Nutritional Consequences of Conventional Therapy of Obesity, Adjustable Gastric Banding, and Gastric Bypass

Roux-en-Y gastric bypass (RYGBP) is more efficient than adjustable gastric banding (AGB) in weight loss and relieving co-morbidities, but nutritional complications of each surgical procedure have been poorly evaluated. A cross-sectional study was performed to compare nutritional parameters in 201 consecutive obese patients, who had been treated either by conventional behavioral and dietary therapy (CT, n=110) or by bariatric surgery, including 51 AGB and 40 RYGBP. BMI was similar after AGB (36.6 +/- 5.3 kg/m2) and RYGBP (35.4 +/- 6.3 kg/m2), but patients in the RYGBP group had lost more weight and had less metabolic disturbances than those in the AGB group. On the other hand, the prevalence of nutritional deficits was significantly higher in the RYGBP group than in the 2 other groups (P<0.01), whereas the AGB group did not differ from CT. Particularly, the RYGBP group presented an unexpected high frequency of deficiencies in fat-soluble vitamins. Moreover, vitamin B12, hemoglobin, plasma prealbumin and creatinine concentrations were low in the RYGBP group. RYGBP is more efficient than AGB in correcting obesity, but this operation is associated with a higher frequency of nutritional deficits that should be carefully monitored.

Trends in the nutritional profile of children born in 1993 in Pelotas, Rio Grande do Sul, Brazil: longitudinal analyses

Trends in nutritional status were studied in children born in 1993 in the city of Pelotas, Rio Grande do Sul State, Brazil. During that year, all infants born in the city were identified, and a sub-sample of 1,273 children was visited twice at home for anthropometric examinations at an average age of 12 and 54 months, respectively. Approximately 10% of all children were lost to follow up from birth to 4 years. The prevalence of nutritional deficit decreased, while that of overweight increased between ages 1 and 4 years. The prevalence of nutritional deficit showed an inverse association with birth weight, while overweight showed a direct relationship. About 50% of the children with height/age deficit at 12 months remained in this same condition at 4 years old, while a third of overweight children remained in this condition during the same period. On the other hand, some 10% of non-overweight children became overweight between 1 and 4 years of age. The nutritional transition observed in Pelotas requires a paradigm shift in health services, which are still concentrated on detecting and treating malnutrition rather than obesity.

Nutritional status of children ten years of age or under in a settlement organized by the "Landless Peasants' Movement" in Porto Calvo, Alagoas, Brazil

This study describes the nutritional status of 357 children (0-10 years) living in Fazenda Conceição, an area occupied by the "Landless Peasants' Movement" and recently expropriated for land reform purposes by the Brazilian National Institute for Land Settlement and Agrarian Reform. The prevalence of nutritional deficits (Z < -2 standard deviations from the NCHS median anthropometric standard) relating to body- weight-for-age, height-for-age, and body-weight-for-height were the following, respectively: 19.6%, 39.8%, and 2%, thus higher than the figures published recently for the rural areas of the State of Alagoas as a whole (8.4%, 22.7%, and 1.3%). These findings suggest that children are these affected by dwarfism. Despite this condition being widely acknowledged as one of the most visible manifestations of malnutrtion in developing countries, it is important to stress that the concentration of land tenure, an integral part of the income-concentrating development model adopted by Brazil, is also a major factor in determining such a health profile. There is thus an urgent need for policy-makers to reallocate resources for immediate intervention in such farm communities, in order to reduce the dire consequences of a situation of this magnitude.

Anthropometric measurement of malnutrition in children in Zaria, Nigeria.

In a combined hospital and community study anthropometric measurements were made on 2134 children under three years of age, of whom 1445 were underweight children attending a hospital nutrition clinic, 484 were unselected village children and 205 were well nourished controls. Weight and length data were analysed to determine the prevalence of different degrees of nutritional deficit in the three groups at different ages. The U.S.A. Academy of Sciences (1976) median weight/age, length/age and weight/length were used as reference standards (1). Prevalence of nutritional deficit in the groups was estimated differently by the three anthropometric indicators, weight/age giving the highest estimate and identifying not only 89% of the "malnourished" but also 48% of "village" children as significantly underweight for age. Analysis of length measurements identified an increased prevalence of stunting with advancing age in all groups and a significant peak prevalence of wasting in village children during the second year of life. The possible reasons for this nutritional crisis during the second year of life are discussed. The operational significance of the different estimates of prevalence of nutritional deficit given by the three anthropometric indicators is also discussed. It is suggested that a combined hospital and community study of malnutrition is of value in planning nutritional intervention.