Prevalence Of Musculoskeletal Pain Research Articles

The prevalence and pattern of comorbid long-term conditions with low back pain and osteoarthritis in low- and middle-income countries: a systematic review and meta-analysis

ABSTRACT Chronic musculoskeletal (MSK) pain, specifically low back pain (LBP) and osteoarthritis (OA), are a major cause of global disability, reduced quality of life and high socioeconomic burden. Research in high income countries suggests MSK pain is often comorbid with other long-term conditions / non-communicable diseases (NCDs) including diabetes, hypertension, and cardiovascular disease. However, the epidemiology of comorbid NCDs and MSK pain in low- and middle-income countries (LMICs) is unclear. This systematic review aims to describe the prevalence and pattern of comorbid NCDs in adults with MSK pain in LMICs. Nine databases were searched for epidemiological studies in LMICs (World Bank categories). Paired researchers independently identified studies, extracted data, and completed critical appraisal using Hoy risk of bias tool. Random-effect meta-analysis was used to estimate prevalence of NCDs comorbid with MSK pain. From 2112 citations; 14 studies (n=6093 adults with MSK pain, mean age=46.9years) were included. Overall prevalence of MSK pain with comorbid NCDs was 46.1% (95%CI 32.3 - 59.9). Systemic hypertension had the highest comorbid prevalence with MSK pain (42.6%, 95%CI 25.6-59.6), followed by diabetes (26.7%, 95%CI 16.1-37.3) and mental health conditions (anxiety/depression; 24.9% 95%CI 11.5-38.4). A high proportion of patients with MSK pain in LMICs experience comorbid NCDs. Variable data/population samples, and under-reporting limit accurate capture of prevalence estimates. Understanding the true burden of MSK pain (specifically lower back pain and hip/knee osteoarthritis) and comorbid NCDs is critical to informing effective treatment strategies. The health systems implications of these findings are imperative towards person-centred care, organisation of care and efficient resource utilisation in LMICs.

Comparison of musculoskeletal pain and upper extremity disability in smartphone addicts and smartphone non-addicts among university students: A cross-sectional study

ObjectiveThe aim of this study was to compare musculoskeletal pain and upper extremity disability between 'smartphone addicts' and 'non-smartphone addicts' and to assess the impact of determinants of musculoskeletal pain and upper extremity disability in both groups. MethodsThe study included 352 university students aged 18–25 years who used smartphones for at least 1 h per day in the past year. The questionnaire consisted of demographic data, the Smartphone Addiction Scale-short version (SAS-SV), the Quick Disabilities of the Arm, Shoulder, and Hand questionnaire (QuickDASH), and the Verbal Rating Scale. Participants were divided into two groups, 'smartphone addicts' and 'smartphone non-addicts', according to their SAS-SV scores (cut-off for males≥31, females≥33). ResultsParticipants had a prevalence of smartphone addiction of 38.4%. There was a statistically significant difference between the 'addicted' and 'non-addicted' groups for SAS-SV (p < 0.001), Quick DASH (p < 0.001) and daily smartphone use time (p = 0.007). The results of logistic regression analyses showed that female gender was a predictor of shoulder (OR = 0.36, 95% CI = 0.16–0.85, p = 0.01) and wrist/hand (OR = 0.43, 95% CI = 0.19–0.98; p = 0.04) pain in smartphone addicts and low back pain (OR = 0.34, 95% CI = 0.12–0.98, p = 0.04) in non-smartphone addicts. In both groups, the SAS-SV score was found to significantly predict the prevalence of musculoskeletal pain in all body regions. ConclusionsThe study showed that among university students, smartphone addicts had more musculoskeletal complaints and upper extremity disability than smartphone non-addicts. The SAS-SV score was a predictor of the prevalence of musculoskeletal pain and upper extremity disability in smartphone users among university students.

Prevalence of Musculoskeletal Pain in Patients Following Cardiac Surgery in Peshawar: A Cross Sectional Study

Background: Cardiovascular diseases causes more deaths and disability in developing countries than any other disease in the world, for these diseases, CABG (Coronary artery bypass grafting) and VR (valvular replacement) are the best treatment options, although, these surgeries improve the chances of survival but they may cause chronic post operative musculoskeletal pain. Musculoskeletal pain can arise from different body musculoskeletal structures such as muscles, tendons, ligaments and joints and knowing the exact cause of this musculoskeletal pain is very difficult and challenging. Chronic musculoskeletal pain patients may have different signs of pain and spread of pain to degrees which are related to pain intensity and duration, so in management, it is very important to reduce duration and intensity of pain. Methods: A cross-sectional survey design was conducted among 199 cardiac patients in Peshawar from both genders, from June 2018-November 2018 among patients at RMI, KTH.,LRH and at other private clinics. Tool used for data collection named as Orebro musculoskeletal pain questionnaire and self- made questionnaire was used in this study. Results: Patients mean age was 53.49±11.88, 69.8% were males and 30.2% were females. The results showed that most common MSK pain site is upper back 27.6% and most common surgery is CABG. This study analyzed that different surgical procedure through which participants had been undergone. The surgical procedures were categorized into 4 main domains as shown in table 8 and frequency analysis was done which shows that most common surgical procedure is CABG (Coronary artery bypass grafting) 64.3%. The result of this study shows that diagnosis domain descriptive analysis was done to find out the frequency of the present pain conditions of the participants which exhibits that most common pain occurs in the back 27.6% and in the shoulder 25.1% Conclusion: Results among patients of Peshawar showed that most common surgery performed is CABG while PCI intervention is the next. Most of the patients are suffered from upper back pain while leg pain and cervical pain is not so common.

Musculoskeletal health in esport: a cross-sectional comparison of musculoskeletal pain among young Danish esports players and handball players

Abstract Purpose There is a continuous debate regarding musculoskeletal (MSK) pain prevalence and training volume among amateur esports players. Previous findings suggest that MSK pain may limit esports participation in this group; however, these results have yet to be replicated in a similar population. It also remains to be investigated whether MSK pain is more prevalent in esports compared to other activities, such as handball. The objectives were (1) to compare MSK pain prevalence among amateur esports players and another group of sports-active amateur players and (2) to investigate whether MSK pain would impact training volume in the two groups. Methods Eligible players for this cross-sectional study had to engage in either structured esports or handball and be 15–25 years of age to participate. Demographic data, self-reported MSK pain prevalence, training volume, sleep patterns, physical activity level, and activity-limiting pain and burnout were obtained through online questionnaires. Results In total, 76 esports players and 175 handball players were included. Overall, 48% of esports players and 80% of handball players experienced MSK pain. The odds of experiencing MSK pain were significantly lower in esports compared to handball (OR: 0.24, 95% CI 0.13–0.43, chi-square p &lt; 0.001). There was no significant difference in training volume between players with or without MSK pain in either group. Esports players had significantly higher training volume (additional 13 h/week, p &lt; 0.001) compared to handball players. Conclusion These findings indicate that esports players are not at increased odds of experiencing MSK pain compared to handball players despite significant differences in training volume.

Prevalence of musculoskeletal pain and dysfunction in electrical utility workers: Practical considerations for prevention and rehabilitation in the workplace.

This study assessed the prevalence and associations of musculoskeletal pain and dysfunction in electrical utility workers, with the aim of applying the findings to better prevent and rehabilitate workplace musculoskeletal disorders. Employees completed an online survey recording their musculoskeletal symptoms across nine anatomical locations for the preceding 12 months. A total of 565 employees, working across eight different electrical utility organisational work units, completed the survey. The study was collaborative and conducted in Australia's largest, wholly government owned electricity company. The study originated from the participating organisation wanting to better understand their musculoskeletal disorder (MSD) risks. Employees who experienced high job stress were 4.06 times (95% confidence interval [CI] = 1.78-9.29) more likely to report musculoskeletal symptoms in the shoulder compared with employees with lower reported job stress. Employees that perceived their work to have high physical demands report lower back musculoskeletal symptoms at 2.64 times the rate of those perceiving their job to be of low physical demand (95% CI = 1.44-4.84). There were significant differences in the lower back musculoskeletal symptoms according to work unit membership. Understanding the prevalence of MSDs is critical to implementing practical prevention and rehabilitation strategies in the workplace. This anonymous survey highlighted that a large proportion of electrical utility workers reported that musculoskeletal symptoms had impacted their ability to perform their job, housework and/or hobbies in the preceding 12 months. Early access to rehabilitation services is essential. However, many workers report barriers to disclosing MSDs; therefore, workplace rehabilitation services may need to be broadened to account for these barriers.

Prevalence, characteristics and clinical impact of work-related musculoskeletal pain in echocardiography

BackgroundWork-related musculoskeletal pain (WRMSP) is increasingly recognised in cardiac ultrasound practice. WRMSP can impact workforce health, productivity and sustainability. We sought to investigate the prevalence, characteristics and clinical impact of WRMSP.MethodsProspective electronic survey of 157 echocardiographers in 10 institutions. Data acquired on demographics, experience, working environment/pattern, WRMSP location, severity and pattern, the impact on professional, personal life and career.Results129/157 (82%) echocardiographers completed the survey, of whom 109 (85%) reported WRMSP and 55 (43%) reported work taking longer due to WRMSP. 40/129 (31%) required time off work. 78/109 (60%) reported sleep disturbance with 26/78 (33%) of moderate or severe severity. 56/129 (45%) required medical evaluation of their WRMSP and 25/129 (19%) received a formal diagnosis of musculoskeletal injury. Those with 11+ years of experience were significantly more likely to receive a formal diagnosis of WRMSP (p = 0.002) and require medication (p = 0.006) compared to those with 10 years or less experience.ConclusionWRMSP is very common amongst echocardiographers, with a fifth having a related musculoskeletal injury. WRMSP has considerable on impact on personal, social and work-related activities. Strategies to reduce the burden of WRMSP are urgently required to ensure sustainability of the workforce and patient access to imaging.

Developing and assessing the measurement properties of an instrument to assess the impact of musculoskeletal pain in children aged 9 to 12—the pediatric musculoskeletal pain impact summary score

BackgroundDespite the high prevalence of musculoskeletal (MSK) pain in children, there is a lack of instruments to measure the impact of MSK pain on children's activity and participation. ObjectiveTo assess the reliability and construct validity of the Pediatric MSK Pain Impact summary score in school children (aged 9 to 12) with MSK pain. MethodsWe used a pragmatic approach in a reflective framework to assess internal consistency, structural validity, convergent validity, and discriminative validity in a sample of 615 children with MSK pain. ResultsThe confirmatory factor analysis results indicate that the summary score has limited internal consistency and construct validity. The estimated Cronbach's alpha was 0.63, and most goodness of fit indices met the recommended thresholds (SRMR = 0.030; GFI = 0.993, CFI = 0.955, RMSEA 0.073), although they were close to the lower bounds of the thresholds. The convergent validity showed appropriate correlation of the summary score with quality of life (r = -0.33), care-seeking (r = 0.45), and medication intake (r = 0.37). Discriminative validity showed that the instrument can discriminate between the impact of pain on children with frequent and infrequent (2.93; 95% CI: 2.36 - 3.50) MSK pain. ConclusionThe Pediatric MSK Pain Impact summary showed limited internal consistency and construct validity; however, it can discriminate between children with frequent and infrequent pain. The results are promising for clinical and research practices as it is a short and convenient tool to be used in school-aged children.

Analgesic Self-medication Among Patients With Chronic Musculoskeletal Pain in a South African Chiropractic Teaching Clinic: A Cross-sectional Study

ObjectivesThe purpose of this study was to identify the prevalence of chronic musculoskeletal pain (CMSP) and analgesic self-medication. The knowledge and practices of those who self-medicate with analgesics and factors influencing this was also ascertained. MethodsThis study was a quantitative, descriptive cross-sectional study. A survey was conducted amongst 302 participants with musculoskeletal pain (MSP) attending a chiropractic clinic within a South African tertiary university from July to September 2022. The analysis of analgesic self-medication was limited to participants who reported having CMSP. Data were analyzed using appropriate statistical software and methods, utilizing Chi-square, and nonparametric tests. ResultsThere was a high prevalence of analgesic self-medication with 80% of respondents reporting self-medicating with analgesics to manage their CMSP, and a point prevalence of 57%. More females (86%) than males (69%) self-medicated with analgesics. Participants between 35 and 44 years were statistically more likely to self-medicate with analgesics (P = .048). The majority (96%) sourced their analgesics from a pharmacy without a prescription. It was found that the most frequently used analgesics were nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDS) (70%) followed by paracetamol (58%) and combination analgesics (54%). A significant number of participants (55%) utilizing public health care services used combination analgesics obtained without a prescription compared to 34% of analgesic users that utilized private health care (P < .030). ConclusionThis study showed a high prevalence of self-medication with analgesics, particularly NSAIDs and paracetamol, in participants with CMSP. These findings can guide chiropractors in patient education, reducing self-medication risks and complications.

Understanding the pattern of musculoskeletal pain and its contributing factors among Hajj pilgrims.

Hajj is a series of rituals that are done in specific areas and periods in Mecca. Performing Hajj requires a great amount of physical demand which may result in musculoskeletal pain (MSP) in different age groups. To estimate the prevalence of MSP and understand its pattern via exploring the factors that could be associated with muscular pain among pilgrims in the 2022 Hajj. A web-based survey was distributed during the annual Hajj mass gathering. Pilgrims were recruited from Hajj ritual sites. The collected data included demographics, musculoskeletal pain at ten anatomical body sites, and physical activity (PA) level. Descriptive and inferential statistics were used to analyze the data at a 0.05 significance level. A total of 248 pilgrims participated in the study. The mean age of the sample was 43.49±12.70 years. Of all pilgrims, 78.6% had reported MSP in at least one anatomical body site during performing Hajj. Results revealed that Pilgrims were more likely to have MSP in the lower limb while performing Hajj rituals where the most prevalent reported pain was in the legs (46% ), followed by the lower back (45% ), knees (37% ), and ankles/feet (30% ). Age, sex, and PA were not significantly associated with MSP except the BMI was found to be a significant factor related to MSP among pilgrims (p <0.05). Many pilgrims exhibited pain in at least one body part. Although physical fitness recommendations are published in the Saudi Ministry of Health, MSP preventative measures need to be disseminated by organizations and interested parties worldwide.

Musculoskeletal disorders in healthcare workers

Purpose of review Musculoskeletal disorders are one of the most relevant occupational problem. The highest prevalence of musculoskeletal disorders is found among healthcare workers, with potential adverse consequences for the provision of care and public health. The objective of this study is to identify and synthesize the most recent literature on musculoskeletal disorders in healthcare workers. This could be useful for healthcare decision makers in translating effective interventions into practice. Recent findings The prevalence of musculoskeletal disorders is high among healthcare workers. The most studied population are nurses, surgeons, dental professionals, and physiotherapists. The prevalence of musculoskeletal disorders in these professionals is high, especially in the low-back, neck, and shoulders body areas. Physical and technological interventions are effective in reducing the prevalence of musculoskeletal pain in the aforementioned body areas. Summary Research on musculoskeletal disorders in healthcare workers is growing, even if mostly descriptive and assessing the point prevalence of this issue. Musculoskeletal disorders represent major public health problems that should be reduced through feasible, cost-effective technological and physical interventions. Future longitudinal and qualitative studies could be valuable in improving knowledge on this complex phenomenon.

Prevalence of Musculoskeletal Pain and Related Factors among Foreign Medical Students of Bishkek, Kyrgyzstan: A Cross-Sectional Study

Musculoskeletal pain impacts our daily lives in numerous ways. So, it is very important to investigate this problem to find out its prevalence and factors related to it. Methods: A descriptive cross-sectional study was carried out among 360 randomly selected medical students from different medical colleges in Bishkek, Kyrgyzstan. With consent, data was collected by the principal investigator by pretested interview schedule through face-to-face interviews. Participants had the freedom to withdraw from the study at any point without the obligation to provide a reason, and measures were taken to maintain data confidentiality. The procedure posed no physical, mental, or social risks. Data were analysed by SPSS version 25.0 and presented through tables and diagrams for clarity. Results: Of the respondents, 213(59.2%) had musculoskeletal pain. But the majority 314(87.2%) had no history of trauma and 221(61.4%) had a family history of musculoskeletal pain. Of them, only 116(32.2%) respondents performed physical exercise while nearly two-thirds 224(62.2%) had normal BMI. Near cent per cent of respondents had prolonged sitting history, which is more than 2 hours. Most 273(75.8%) of them use chairs for study purposes. Near three-fourths, 259(71.9%) had travel time of more than one hour per day and a significant 328(91.1%) number of them use backpacks. Of 213 sufferers, more than two-fifths 128(60.1%) had musculoskeletal pain often. Almost half (47.4%) of medical students were suffering from back pain and 69(32.4%) from neck pain. Conclusion: Medical students were suffering from musculoskeletal pain with no history of trauma and positive family history. Students do not perform physical exercise regularly with normal BMI. During travel, they use backpacks to carry educational materials. Smartphones, computers or laptops are used by them during their leisure time. Students were mainly suffering from back, neck and shoulder pain.

Development of a Novel Pictorial Questionnaire to Assess Knowledge and Behaviour on Ergonomics and Posture as Well as Musculoskeletal Pain in University Students: Validity and Reliability

Background: Good posture is characterised by neutral spinal alignment with high physiological and biomechanical efficiency together with low stress and strain. The purpose of this study was to assess the validity and reproducibility of the adult version of the Aristegui questionnaire in university students. Materials and methods: The study was conducted in two parts. The first part assessed content validity of the questionnaire where five experts provided their feedback on the content of the questionnaire. The second part evaluated the reliability of the questionnaire among a convenience sample of 10 university students in a test–retest study. Results: The content validity of the questionnaire was found to be excellent. Twenty-five out of twenty-seven items had an item content validity index higher than 0.79 (appropriate) and the scale content validity index was 0.93 (high). For the reliability, almost perfect agreements were found for nine items, substantial agreement for three questions, moderate agreement for one item and fair agreement for one item. The kappa coefficients ranged from 0.00 (slight) to 1.00 (perfect) for the items on behaviour. Conclusions: The questionnaire was found to be a valid and reliable tool to measure the university students’ knowledge regarding ergonomics and posture and postural behaviour as well as prevalence of musculoskeletal pain.

Prevalence of musculoskeletal pain among architecture undergraduates students: A cross-sectional study.

Architecture students maintain uncomfortable body postures for hours while designing and constructing project models, putting them at high risk of developing musculoskeletal pain (MSP). This research aimed to determine the prevalence of MSP among students at the Architecture and Planning College at King Saud University, Saudi Arabia. This descriptive cross-sectional survey study used a self-administered online questionnaire. A total of 123 students (65 female) aged 19-25 years participated. The survey consisted of eight demographic and health status questions and the Extended Nordic Musculoskeletal Questionnaire (NMQ-E). The data were analyzed using descriptive statistics; Mann-Whitney U and chi-square tests were used to compare genders at α= .05. Approximately 94.3% of architecture students reported pain in at least one body region in the last 12 months, and 87.0% in the last seven days. The highest reported percentage of MSP was neck pain, followed by lower back pain. No differences in MSP were found between genders, except in elbow and hand pain for the last 12 months and elbow pain for the last seven days. There was a high prevalence of MSP among undergraduate architecture students, highlighting the need to prevent occupational health issues at an early stage.

Occupational Injuries and Health Status Among Rural Tribal Non-Traditional Fishing Communities in the Coastal Region of Tamil Nadu, India

ABSTRACT Objectives This study evaluated the occupational injuries and health hazards associated with fishing as an occupation among non-traditional rural tribal fishing communities in the coastal region of Tamil Nadu, India. Methods This cross-sectional study included a total of 170 individuals belonging to a fishing community, comprising both male (n = 82) and female (n = 88) participants. The demographic details including occupational history, lifestyle characteristics, socio-economic status, personal habits, and health status were assessed through the questionnaire survey. Results The fishing community has a low socioeconomic status and poor literacy, lifestyle, and personal habits. The mean age of the participants was 38.8 yrs (male 34.8; female 39.9 yrs). Only 10% reported usage of personal protective equipment (PPE), and the work duration varied from 8 to 24 hrs in a day. While male subjects reported smoking habits (12%) and alcohol consumption (23%), none of the females reported alcohol consumption and smoking habits. The major occupational injuries that occurred were due to catfish (72%) and oysters (48%). A large number of female subjects reported musculoskeletal pains. The body mass index of about 28% of fishermen was above the normal range. Abnormal blood sugar, blood pressure, and respiratory and neurological symptoms were the other major health complaints. The major environmental hazards reported were salinity, solar radiation, tides, and high wind. Conclusion Injuries from handling fish and oysters were observed to be the major occupational burden. Additonally, a high prevalence of musculoskeletal pain and chronic health illness was commonly observed among the fishers. Adequate training and awareness programs are required for effective management of occupational health hazards and health promotion.

Occupational Risk Factors for Musculoskeletal Disorders among Workers in Dairy Diversification.

In a changing European agricultural context, diversification of dairy farms is gaining attention. This study seeks to (1) assess musculoskeletal pain prevalence associated with tasks such as butter, yogurt, and cheese production; and (2) analyze associated risks. Observing 31, mostly female, workers, we utilized the ERGOROM questionnaire, a methodology adapted from the Institut National de Recherche et de Sécurité, and Key Indicator Method forms. Findings revealed that tasks like load carrying (42% of workers), manual work (17%), and awkward postures (14%) resulted in musculoskeletal pain, predominantly in the lower back (65%), neck (39%), and dominant upper limb areas (shoulder: 61%, elbow: 26%, and wrist: 65%). While psychosocial risks remained low, concerns arose from workload, hygiene standards, and resource unpredictability. As dairy farming evolves from artisanal to semi-industrial, our study emphasizes the importance of ergonomic adaptations to protect farmers' health and prevent musculoskeletal disorders during diversification.

Musculoskeletal Pain and its Ergonomics Risk Factors among School Teachers from Tamil Nadu, India: a Cross-Sectional Study

Introduction: Teachers are often exposed to occupational hazards like musculoskeletal pain which may force them to early retirement from their jobs, affecting their quality of life. This study aimed to estimate the prevalence of musculoskeletal pain among government school teachers and to assess its ergonomic risk factors. Methods: A cross-sectional study was conducted among government school teachers in Kundrathur Block, Kancheepuram District, Tamil Nadu, India. The Nordic Musculoskeletal Questionnaire was used to estimate the prevalence of musculoskeletal pain. The study was conducted from June to November 2019 for 6 months. In total, 400 participants were included in the study. Descriptive statistics like frequency and percentage were used for different variables and the various risk factors as well as inferential statistics like prevalence, confidence interval, odds ratio, and chi-square test were used for finding the association between the dependent and independent variables. Results: The prevalence of musculoskeletal pain among school teachers was 69.8%. Binary logistic regression analysis showed that the factors such as sex (adjusted odds ratio [aOR] = 2.47; 95% confidence interval [CI]: 1.47-4.15) with p-value = &lt;0.01* and number of students in each class (aOR= 1.86; 95% CI: 1.12-3.08) with p-value = &lt;0.01* were identified to be significant risk factors associated with musculoskeletal pain. Conclusion: The prevalence of musculoskeletal pain among school teachers was found to be high. This clearly shows the significant burden of this occupational hazard on the teacher’s community, which should be addressed to focus on its prevention.

Prevalence of musculoskeletal pain in body segments in Judo and Jiu-jitsu athletes

Prevalence of musculoskeletal pain in body segments in Judo and Jiu-jitsu athletes

Musculoskeletal Pain, Mood, and Sports Injury in Wheelchair Power Soccer Players.

Wheelchair Power Soccer (WPS) is the only team sport that allows the participation of people with severe physical disabilities who require the daily use of motorized wheelchairs. These individuals may live with chronic pain due to the characteristics of the disabilities and treatments, interfering with their health and limiting their participation in sports. To investigate the prevalence of musculoskeletal pain and its relationship with mood in WPS players and to analyze the incidence of traumatic injuries during a championship. A prospective, longitudinal study was carried out on 30 WPS athletes (93.33% male) with a mean (SD) (range) age of 22.37 (9.79) (47)years. Data collection was performed during a South American WPS Championship lasting 3 days, with: investigation of the presence of musculoskeletal pain and mood through a questionnaire; investigation of the occurrence of traumatic injuries through match observation; and confirmation of the occurrence of traumatic injuries through access to medical department records. About 30% (n = 9/30) of the sample presented some pain on the day of evaluation, with an intensity of 5.67 (3.35) (10) points on the visual analog scale. The most common regions of pain were the lower back (13.3%, n = 4/30), thoracic (10%; n = 3/30), and cervical (10%; n = 3/30) areas of the spine. A total of 46.7% (n = 14/30) reported pain in the month before data collection but of less intensity (2.56 [4] [10] points), the most common regions being the lower limbs (20%; n = 6/30) and cervical spine (20%; n = 6/30). Among the between-group comparisons (ie,participants with pain vs without pain), no relationship was observed between mood state and pain. No traumatic injuries were identified during the competition. The presence of musculoskeletal pain was common in WPS players, but it was not related to mood. As no traumatic injuries were observed during the championship, this modality seems to be safe for people with physical disabilities in general.

Prevalence of Musculo-Skeletal Pain among Badminton Players in Twin Cities of Pakistan

Badminton is a popular sport with a rich tradition in Pakistan twin cities Islamabad and Rawalpindi. In badminton, players are more susceptible to certain musculoskeletal problems due to the sport's dynamic character, abrupt accelerations and decelerations. Badminton has an injury rate of 1 to 7/1000 hours per person of playing time. Objective: To find out prevalence of musculoskeletal problem including pain among the badminton players played in various clubs of Islamabad and Rawalpindi. Methods: 255 badminton players participated in a convenience sample-based cross-sectional study after ethical permission. The incidence of musculoskeletal discomfort in novice badminton players' shoulder, elbow, wrist, hands, thigh, hips, knee and ankle was measured using a self-drafted survey and the Nordic Musculoskeletal Questionnaire. Data collection was done sports clubs of Islamabad and Rawalpindi. Study ran from September 22, 2021, to June 30, 2022. SPSS version-25 software was used for data analysis. Results: The results showed prevalence was 16.5, back 18.4, hip 7.4, knee 28.6, ankle 16.5, elbow 22.4, wrist 21.2, low back 12.9, and shoulder 49.4. Among badminton players, the most common pain regions were the shoulder and knee. Other areas that players are less likely to have discomfort in include the hands, hips and ankles. Conclusions: Conclusions of study showed younger athletes had higher prevalence of musculoskeletal discomfort. Most prevalent pain areas among badminton players were the knee and shoulder.

Prevalence of Musculoskeletal Pain among Chefs Working in Restaurants of Sialkot

Musculoskeletal pain is a pain coming from the structures such as bones, muscles, joints, tendons, and ligaments, clearly becoming more and more common. In addition to having a detrimental effect on a person's life quality, MSK pain's high healthcare expenses and concomitant loss of productivity have placed a heavy financial burden on societies. Objective: To find the prevalence of musculoskeletal pain among the chefs working in restaurants in Sialkot. Methods: The cross-sectional/observational survey study was conducted for 4 months and convenient sampling technique was used on chefs working in restaurants of Sialkot. Results: This study assessed prevalence and level of pain among chefs of different restaurants in Sialkot. This study included 178 participants with age range varied from 25 to 50 years. 61.2% of participants aged 25-29 years. 63.5% of participants were among those having 8 to 10 working hours. 24.7% of the participants had weight ranging from 55 to 59 kg. 58.4% of participants had mild pain. Duration of job of most of participants (40.4%) was 2 to 6 years. Most participants (20.8%) were having trouble in ankle/feet, (16.3%) had trouble in knees and lower back. Conclusions: We found that muscle and skeletal pain in chefs working in different restaurants of Sialkot most probably in ankles/feet, knees and low back. The pain was found to be mild on Numeric Pain Rating Scale (NPRS) mostly in male chefs of middle age with ideal weight.