Prevalence Of MetS In Adolescents Research Articles

Prevalence of the metabolic syndrome by household food insecurity status in the United States adolescent population, 2001–2020: a cross-sectional study

BackgroundHousehold food insecurity (FI) is a modifiable social determinant of health linked to chronic health outcomes. Little is known, however, about the prevalence of metabolic syndrome (MetS) in pediatric population-based studies by household FI status. ObjectivesThe objective of the study was to estimate the prevalence of the MetS by household FI status over the past 2 decades. MethodsThis cross-sectional study used data from the 2001–2020 National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (NHANES). Participants were nonpregnant adolescents ages 12– 18 y in United States. The prevalence of MetS [elevated waist circumference and >2 of the following risk factors: elevated blood pressure, and fasting glucose, triglyceride, and/or low high-density lipoprotein (HDL) cholesterol concentrations] by FI status was evaluated using chi-square and logistic regression analyses. ResultsThe estimated prevalence of MetS was 2.66% [95% confidence interval (CI): 2.28%, 3.09%] in the final analytical sample (unweighted N = 12,932). A total of 3.39% (95% CI: 2.53%, 4.53%) of adolescents from FI households had MetS compared to 2.48% (95% CI: 2.11%, 2.9%) among adolescents with no household FI. Hispanic adolescents had the highest prevalence of MetS (3.73%, 95% CI: 3.05, 4.56) compared with adolescents who identified as non-Hispanic White (2.78%, 95% CI: 2.25, 3.43), non-Hispanic Black (1.58%, 95% CI: 1.19, 2.10). Adolescents with household FI (23.20%) were more likely to have MetS [odds ratio (OR): 1.38; 95% CI: 1.02, 1.88; I=0.039) compared with adolescents with no household FI, but in fully adjusted models this was not significant (OR: 1.13; 95% CI: 0.75, 1.72). ConclusionsUsing the most current NHANES data, the estimated prevalence of MetS in adolescents in United States was slightly higher among those from FI households. However, after adjusting for potential confounders, the relationship between household FI and MetS was nonsignificant, highlighting the complexity of factors contributing to MetS in this population. Hispanic adolescents share a disproportionate burden of MetS compared with their non-Hispanic counterparts.

The Role of ANP Level Response in Interdisciplinary Weight Loss Therapy on Cardiometabolic Risk and Body Composition in Adolescents with Obesity.

ResumoFundamento A ação do peptídeo natriurético atrial (ANP) na natriurese, diurese e vasodilatação, resistência à insulina, fígado, rim e tecido adiposo pode contribuir para o desenvolvimento metabólico e cardiovascular saudável. Embora o nível circulante de ANP seja reduzido em pacientes com obesidade, sua resposta à perda de peso ainda é pouco explorada em populações pediátricas.Objetivo Avaliar os efeitos das variações do ANP em resposta à intervenção interdisciplinar para perda de peso na Síndrome Metabólica (SMet) e nos riscos cardiometabólicos em adolescentes com obesidade.Métodos 73 adolescentes com obesidade participaram de uma terapia interdisciplinar para perda de peso de 20 semanas, incluindo uma abordagem clínica, nutricional, psicológica e de exercícios físicos. A composição corporal, análises bioquímicas e pressão sanguínea foram avaliadas. A SMet foi classificada de acordo com a Federação Internacional de Diabetes (IDF) (2007). Após o tratamento, os voluntários foram divididos de acordo com os níveis de plasma do ANP aumento (n=31) ou ANP redução (n=19).Resultados Ambos os grupos apresentaram redução significativa de peso corporal, índice de massa corporal (IMC) e circunferências de cintura, pescoço e quadril (CC, CP e CQ, respectivamente), e aumento da massa livre de gordura (MLG). É interessante observar que houve uma redução significativa na gordura corporal, na razão de TG/HDL-c e na prevalência de SMet (de 23% para 6%) somente no grupo com ANP aumento.Conclusão Este estudo sugere que o aumento nos níveis séricos de ANP após a terapia para perda de peso pode estar associado a melhorias nos riscos cardiometabólicos e na prevalência reduzida de SMet em adolescentes com obesidade.

Prevalence of metabolic syndrome and its associated factors in overweight and obese adolescents.

Background Metabolic syndrome (MetS) is not only a problem of adulthood but is already present in children and adolescents. The aim of this study was to estimate the prevalence of MetS in adolescents and to identify the associated factors. Methods This was a cross-sectional study with 354 overweight and obese school-aged adolescents (10-19 years). Sociodemographic, anthropometric, clinical, biochemical and lifestyle variables were collected. MetS was identified according to the criteria proposed by the International Diabetes Federation (IDF). Multivariate logistic regression models were used to examine the associations between risk variables and MetS. Results The prevalence of MetS was 9.6%. Among adolescents with MetS, all of them had low high-density lipoprotein cholesterol (HDL-c), while 76.5% had hyperglycemia and 38.2% had hypertriglyceridemia. Only 12.1% did not present any component of MetS, while 40% had at least two components. Multivariate analysis showed that being a girl was a protective factor (odds ratio [OR] = 0.29, confidence interval [CI] = 0.13-0.65) for the presence of MetS, while obesity (OR = 3.63, CI = 1.62-8.17) and being insufficiently active (OR = 4.60, CI = 1.01-20.96) were the risk factors for MetS. Conclusions Obese and insufficiently active male adolescents are more likely to have MetS. Early identification of MetS components, especially among obese adolescents, is an important tool for the prevention of cardiovascular complications in adult life.

The Association between Metabolic Syndrome and Biochemical Markers in Beijing Adolescents.

Objective: To describe the prevalence of metabolic syndrome (MetS) in adolescents and its association with several MetS-related biochemical markers. Methods: A cross-sectional analysis was carried out and data were extracted from the Nutrition and Health Surveillance in Primary and Secondary school students of Beijing (NHSPSB) 2017. Participants were aged 10–15 years old. MetS was diagnosed using the recommended criteria for Chinese adolescents. The associations among MetS, biochemical biomarkers, and socioeconomic status were estimated by multivariable linear regression. Results: The prevalence of MetS in adolescents in Beijing was 3% in the total sample, 4% in boys, and 2% in girls. Moreover, the prevalence of MetS in the overweight and obesity populations were 5% and 12% respectively. The prevalence of MetS remained higher in boys than in girls. The concentrations of alanine aminotransferase (ALT), serum uric acid (SUA), low density lipoprotein (LDL), and C-reactive protein (CRP) were higher in the MetS children in comparison with non-MetS children (All p < 0.05), while the high-density lipoprotein (HDL) concentration was lower in MetS children. After adjusting for socioeconomic parameters in the multivariable regression model, MetS was strongly associated with ALT, SUA, HDL, and LDL. The five components of MetS indicated that abdominal obesity and a high serum triglyceride (TG) concentration were tightly linked with ALT, SUA, LDL, and CRP; while a low HDL concentration and elevated blood pressure were related to enhanced ALT, UA, and CRP. Additionally, impaired fasting glucose was only related to increased ALT. Conclusion: The epidemiological issues of MetS in Beijing adolescents should be known across socioeconomic classes. Early intervention strategies, such as dietary pattern interventions and physical excise, should be designed for that population to reduce the disease burdens of cardiovascular disease (CVD), Type 2 diabetes (T2D), and steatohepatitis in adulthood.

Metabolic Syndrome: Findings from 20 Years of the Tehran Lipid and Glucose Study.

ContextIn recent decades, investigations have been focused on the definition, incidence and predictors of metabolic syndrome (MetS) in Iranians. This study aimed to review systematically investigations on MetS, conducted among the Tehran lipid and glucose study (TLGS) participants.Evidence AcquisitionLiterature on MetS documented by TLGS studies published from 2000 to 2017 were searched using Pubmed and Scopus database in English language with a combination of following keywords: Metabolic syndrome, TLGS.ResultsThe harmonized definition of MetS was confirmed, based on the estimated cut point of waist circumference (WC) ≥ 95 cm for both genders in Iran. The incidence rate was 550.9/10000 person/years, lower among women (433.5/10000) than men (749.2/10000). The prevalence of abdominal obesity, high triglycerides (TG), low high density lipoprotein cholesterol (HDL-C), high blood pressure (BP), and high fasting blood glucose (FBG) was 30, 46, 69, 34, and 12%, respectively. The prevalence of MetS in adolescents was 10.1% with no significant difference between boys and girls (10.3% in boys and 9.9% in girls). A strong association of WC (OR: 2.32, CI: 2.06 - 2.59) and TGs (OR: 1.95, CI: 1.65 - 2.11) with development of MetS was found. In adolescent boys, WC had the highest OR for MetS risk. WHO-defined MetS was a significant predictor of total and cardiovascular mortality both in men (HR: 1.66, CI: 1.23 - 2.24; HR:1.93, CI: 1.26 - 2.94) and women (HR: 2.01, CI: 1.39 - 2.88; HR:2.71, CI: 1.44 - 5.09).ConclusionsOur results indicate high incidence of MetS in Tehranian adults and adolescents; high WC also appears to be a strong predictor of MetS. All definitions of MetS predicted cardiovascular disease.

Abstract P151: Comparison of Standard Definitions and Sagittal Abdominal Diameter as a Measure of Excess Adiposity When Defining Metabolic Syndrome in Adolescents

Introduction: Metabolic syndrome (MetS) is the cluster of several clinical symptoms that together represent the strongest risk factor for cardiovascular disease. The prevalence of MetS in adolescents is difficult to estimate given that there are several, but no agreed upon definition of MetS for this age group. It is important to estimate MetS and identify at-risk adolescents early in order to provide effective interventions prior to the development of diabetes and coronary heart disease. Objective: Study objectives are to: (1) estimate the prevalence of MetS in U.S. adolescents using three widely adopted definitions and (2) compare changes in prevalence of MetS when utilizing sagittal abdominal diameter (SAD) as a component of MetS. Methods: Data from U.S. adolescents ages 12-19 years (N=970) in the NHANES (2011-2014) were analyzed. MetS standard definitions developed by Cook et al. (2003), deFerranti et al. (2007), and the International Disease Federation (IDF, 2007) were applied to estimate the sex-stratified, weighted prevalence of MetS and its individual components (i.e., high waist circumference (WC), hypertension, blood lipid abnormalities, and high fasting blood glucose (FBG)). The definitions were modified by substituting SAD for WC, and weighted MetS prevalence was re-estimated. Results: Regardless of gender and definition, abnormal blood lipids and high WC were the most prevalent MetS components. For both sexes, estimated prevalence of components varied greatly by definition (e.g., boys’ prevalence of high fasting blood glucose: IDF-27.2% vs. Cook and deFerranti-both 2.7%). MetS prevalence in boys using standard and SAD-modified definitions were 4.5% and 5.0%; 10.6% and 9.4%; and 4.6% and 3.3% for the Cook, deFerranti, and IDF definitions, respectively. Among girls, the standard-defined and SAD-modified MetS prevalence were 2.4% and 2.4%; 8.5% and 8.2%; and 4.3% and 2.8% for the Cook, deFerranti, and IDF definitions, respectively. Conclusions: Though the most prevalent MetS components were similar, the estimated prevalence values of individual components varied greatly across MetS definitions. With the risk of false positives, the deFerranti definition of MetS may identify the greatest number of adolescents at potential risk for MetS. Cook and deFerranti definitions may miss the identification of adolescents who could benefit from additional health promotion programs. Compared to WC, use of SAD resulted in similar yet slightly attenuated estimated MetS prevalence.

PREVALENCE OF METABOLIC SYNDROME AMONG ADOLESCENTS IN A CITY IN THE MEDITERRANEAN AREA: COMPARISON OF TWO DEFINITIONS.

there are few studies on the prevalence of metabolic syndrome (MetS) in European adolescent populations, and some have reported a higher prevalence in the Mediterranean basin area. Our objective was to examine the prevalence of MetS in adolescents in a Mediterranean city of Spain, comparing two different definitions of MetS and the associated risk factors. a cross-sectional population-based study was conducted among 379 adolescents aged 12-16.9 years, selected using a random sampling method. Anthropometric measurements and fasting blood samples were obtained. The definitions of MetS used were that of the National Cholesterol Education Program's Adult Treatment Panel III (NCEP-ATPIII) and that of the International Diabetes Federation (IDF). Kappa coefficient was used to measure the agreement between definitions and a multivariate logistic regression model to determine the associated risk factors. the prevalence of MetS was 5.7% (95%CI 3.33-8.07) according to the NCEP-ATPIII definition and 3.8% (95%CI 1.85-5.75) according to the IDF definition. No differences between the sexes or by age groups were found. The agreement between the two definitions was very good (kappa 0.815), especially in the obese subsample, but was lower in normal weight adolescents (kappa 0.497). Insulin resistance and obesity were associated with both definitions. the prevalence of MetS in our adolescent population is higher than the European media. Although the overall agreement between both definitions was very good, the prevalence was higher using the NCEP-ATPIII criteria. Independently of the definition used, obesity and insulin resistance were risk factors for MetS.

Metabolic Syndrome and its Association with Healthy Eating Index-2005 in Adolescents: Tehran Lipid and Glucose Study

One of the major epidemiologic public health problems is worldwide metabolic syndrome (MetS). Since the relationship between diet quality and MetS among adolescents in developing countries has not been well understood, the present study aimed to evaluate the association between diet quality, as measured by Healthy Eating Index (HEI-2005) and the prevalence of MetS and its risk factors in a group of Tehranian adolescents. This cross-sectional study was conducted on 706 adolescents, aged 10-19 years, within the framework of Tehran Lipid and Glucose Study in 2008-2011. Usual dietary intakes were assessed by valid and reliable semi-quantitative food frequency questionnaire and diet quality score was obtained based on HEI-2005. MetS was determined using the modified de Ferranti definition. There were 706 adolescents, aged 14.8±2.7 years. The overall prevalence of MetS in adolescents was 22.4%. Large waist circumference was the most common component of MetS in both girls and boys. After adjusting for age, sex, energy intake and physical activity, participants who were in the highest quartile of HEI-2005 compared with lowest quartile had lower prevalence of hypertriglyceridemia (OR: 0.62; CI 95%: 0.40-0.96 and P for trend= 0.02), and low serum HDL-C (OR: 0.62; CI 95%: 0.41-0.97 and P for trend= 0.02). No significant difference was observed in odds of MetS, large waist circumference, hyperglycemia and hypertension. Adolescents with dietary pattern more consistent with the HEI-2005, had lower prevalence of hypertriglyceridemia and low serum HDL-C.

Development of Age-Specific Adolescent Metabolic Syndrome Criteria That Are Linked to the Adult Treatment Panel III and International Diabetes Federation Criteria

The study objectives were to develop age-specific adolescent metabolic syndrome (MetS) criteria that were linked to the health-based Adult Treatment Panel III (ATP) and International Diabetes Federation (IDF) adult criteria. There has been no consistency in the criteria used to diagnose the MetS in adolescents. Studies have either applied adult criteria or arbitrarily chosen adolescent high-risk cut-points. The adolescent (12 to 19 years old) MetS criteria developed in this study were linked to the ATP and IDF adult criteria with LMS growth curve modeling for each MetS component (waist circumference, systolic and diastolic blood pressure, high-density lipoprotein cholesterol, triglycerides, and glucose). Nationally representative data from the National Health and Nutrition Examination Surveys were used to develop the growth curves. The growth curves for each MetS component passed through the ATP and IDF cut-points at 20 years of age such that adolescent cut-points were linked to the adult values. Age- and gender-specific cut-points for each MetS component were developed that can be used to define high-risk values in 12- to 19-year-olds. The prevalence of MetS in adolescents nearly doubled over the last decade and was 7.6% on the basis of the newly developed ATP adolescent criteria and 9.6% on the basis of the newly developed IDF adolescent criteria. These new criteria should provide improved and age-appropriate approaches for diagnosing MetS among adolescents.