Prevalence Of Metabolic Syndrome In Patients Research Articles

The prevalence of metabolic syndrome in primary aldosteronism and essential hypertension: A systematic review and meta-analysis.

It remained debates on metabolic-related disorders in patients with primary aldosteronism (PA) and essential hypertension (EH). A systematic review and meta-analysis was conducted to explore the prevalence of metabolic syndrome (MS) and the related indicators in PA and EH. PubMed, Embase, Web of Science and the Cochrane Central Register of Controlled Trials from their commencement to December 2023 were searched for eligible studies. The meta-analysis was performed by Review Manager 5.3 and STATA 15.1 software. A total of 12 studies were included, revealing that there was no significant difference between PA and EH in the prevalence of MS (1.27[0.92, 1.76], p=0.14) with higher heterogeneity (I2=68%, p=0.0002), while it became significant different (1.45[1.17, 1.81], p=0.0008) and lower heterogeneity (I2=26%, p=0.19) in patients who were overweight or obese by subgroup analysis. Higher systolic blood pressure (2.99[0.67, 5.31], p=0.01; I2=43%, p=0.06) and diastolic blood pressure (2.10[0.82, 3.38], p=0.001; I2=36%, p=0.11) with lower heterogeneity, and lower triglyceride in PA group with higher heterogeneity (-0.23[-0.37, -0.09], p=0.001; I2=76%, p<0.0001) were observed. No significant difference was found in other indicators. This study showed a higher prevalence of MS in patients who were overweight or obese with PA. However, it was not the same in these patients who were in normal weight. More researches were needed to explore the relationship between PA and metabolism of glucose and lipid.

Patients with psoriatic arthritis followed in tertiary centers in Southern Brazil have a high prevalence of metabolic syndrome

Introduction/ObjectivePatients with psoriatic arthritis (PsA) have a significant prevalence of metabolic syndrome (MS), however studies conducted in Latin America describing comorbidities of PsA patients are still scarce. The aim of the present work was to estimate the prevalence of MS in patients attending PsA clinics in tertiary university centers in the south region of Brazil and to evaluate the achievement of the minimal disease activity criteria among those with and without MS. Materials and methodsA cross-sectional study was conducted; patients were recruited in two university hospitals and data collected during a routine clinic visit. The prevalence of MS was estimated using the National Cholesterol Education Programme's Adult Treatment Panel III (NCEP/ATP III). The prevalence of patients achieving the MDA criteria was compared between individuals with and without MS using Chi-square test. ResultsOne hundred and five patients with PsA were evaluated, 81 in center A (Rio Grande do Sul) and 24 in center B (Paraná); 54.3% were female (N=57), the average age was 55.7 (SD 11.6) years and the median time of diagnosis in years was 7.4 (.16–42.2). A total of 51.9% (N=54) were diagnosed with MS., hypertension was found in 51.4% (N=54) and obesity in 38.1% (N=40) of the sample. There was no statistically significant association between MS and MDA. ConclusionPatients followed in PsA clinics in university tertiary centers in the south of Brazil have a significant prevalence of MS. This work emphasizes the importance of the screening and treatment of comorbidities in PsA.

Metabolic syndrome in clinical psychiatric practice

A literature review in PubMed and Google databases was performed. Inclusion criteria: randomized clinical trials, meta-analyses and systematic reviews, relevant full-text articles on metabolic syndrome (MS) in patients with schizophrenia. Exclusion criteria: articles of poor quality. The terminology of the article corresponds to that used in the publications included in the review. The review substantiates the relevance of the problem of MS, discloses the concept and discusses its criteria, provides data on the prevalence of MS in patients with schizophrenia, discusses the relationship between MS and schizophrenia, MS and cognitive impairment in schizophrenia, and describes metabolic changes in patients with a first episode of psychosis or early stage schizophrenia. Recommendations on therapeutic tactics in the development of metabolic syndrome in patients with schizophrenia are given.

Effect of Bariatric Surgery on Metabolic Syndrome in Chinese Patients with Low Body Mass Index: a Propensity Score Matching Study.

Bariatric surgery (BS) is known to improve the components of metabolic syndrome (MS) in patients with obesity. However, few studies have evaluated the effect of BS on patients with MS at low BMI levels. The study aims to assess the effect of BS on MS in patients with low BMI by comparing BS with medical therapy(MT). A total of 271 patients with MS who underwent BS and MT at a single institution were reviewed in this retrospective cohort study. A 1:1 propensity score matching was performed for the BS and MT groups with BMI<35 kg/m2. We analyzed the 5 years effect of BS versus MT on the remission of MS, its components, atherosclerotic cardiovascular disease (ASCVD) risk, and medication used. Patients in the MT group showed a decrease in the prevalence of MS to 62% at the 1st year and 10% at the 5th year. In the BS group, MS prevalence in patients with BMI<35 kg/m2 decreased to 30% and 9% at the 1st and 5th year, whereas in patients with BMI≥35 kg/m2 was 26% and 7%, respectively. The 10-year ASCVD risk and the lifetime ASCVD were significantly decreased 5 years after BS in patients with BMI<35 kg/m2. The number and daily drug dose of hypoglycemic drugs, antihypertensive medications, and lipid-lowering drugs were reduced from baseline in both BS and MT groups. Bariatric surgery significantly improves MS remission rates and long-term cardiovascular risk in Chinese patients with metabolic syndrome and a BMI <35 kg/m2.

Patients with psoriatic arthritis followed in tertiary centers in Southern Brazil have a high prevalence of metabolic syndrome

Introduction/ObjectivePatients with psoriatic arthritis (PsA) have a significant prevalence of metabolic syndrome (MS), however studies conducted in Latin America describing comorbidities of PsA patients are still scarce. The aim of the present work was to estimate the prevalence of MS in patients attending PsA clinics in tertiary university centers in the south region of Brazil and to evaluate the achievement of the minimal disease activity criteria among those with and without MS. Materials and methodsA cross-sectional study was conducted; patients were recruited in two university hospitals and data collected during a routine clinic visit. The prevalence of MS was estimated using the National Cholesterol Education Programme's Adult Treatment Panel III (NCEP/ATP III). The prevalence of patients achieving the MDA criteria was compared between individuals with and without MS using Chi-square test. ResultsOne hundred and five patients with PsA were evaluated, 81 in center A (Rio Grande do Sul) and 24 in center B (Paraná); 54.3% were female (N=57), the average age was 55.7 (SD 11.6) years and the median time of diagnosis in years was 7.4 (.16–42.2). A total of 51.9% (N=54) were diagnosed with MS., hypertension was found in 51.4% (N=54) and obesity in 38.1% (N=40) of the sample. There was no statistically significant association between MS and MDA. ConclusionPatients followed in PsA clinics in university tertiary centers in the south of Brazil have a significant prevalence of MS. This work emphasizes the importance of the screening and treatment of comorbidities in PsA.

Analysis of clinical features of patients with psoriasis and metabolic syndrome in Xinjiang

Objective: The clinical characteristics of a large sample of patients with psoriasis and metabolic syndrome (MS) in Xinjiang were retrospectively analyzed. Methods: The prevalence of MS, age, height, weight, body mass index (BMI), red blood cell count (RBC), white blood cell count (WBC), platelet count, aspartate aminotransferase level, alanine aminotransferase (ALT) level, and other clinical data were analyzed in 2,492 inpatients with psoriasis in our hospital. The patients were divided into two groups based on the presence of MS. Results: Among the 2,492 patients, 349 had MS and 1,269 were considered overweight/obese. There were significant differences in sex, age, disease course, age at onset, BMI, systolic blood pressure (SBP), and diastolic blood pressure (DBP) between the two groups (P &lt; 0.05). The RBC, WBC, erythrocyte sedimentation rate, blood urea nitrogen level, creatinine level, triglyceride level, total cholesterol level, and low-density lipoprotein cholesterol level were significantly higher in the MS group than in the psoriasis-only (PO) group (P &lt; 0.05). The high-density lipoprotein cholesterol (HDL-C) level was significantly lower in the MS group than in the PO group (P &lt; 0.05). The ALT and albumin levels were not significantly different between the two groups (P &gt; 0.05). Binary logistic regression analysis showed that sex, age, BMI, SBP, DBP, and fasting plasma glucose (FPG) were independent risk factors for MS in patients with psoriasis, and HDL-C was considered a protective factor for these patients. Conclusion: The prevalence of MS in patients with psoriasis is high. Female sex, age, BMI, SBP, DBP, and FPG may be risk factors for psoriasis complicated by MS.

Prevalence of Metabolic Syndrome in Vitiligo Patients in Comparison With the Control Group

Background: Vitiligo is an autoimmune pigmentary skin disease. Recently, the association of chronic inflammatory conditions with metabolic syndrome (MS) and oxidative stress has been demonstrated in skin diseases such as lichen planus and psoriasis. In this study, the prevalence of MS in patients with vitiligo was compared to the control group. Methods: This case-control study included 65 patients with vitiligo and 65 healthy participants in the control group who have referred to the dermatologic clinic in the Afzalipour Hospital of Kerman University of Medical Sciences, Iran. Demographic features and laboratory data of participants were collected and analyzed by SPSS 16 using chi-square and independent t tests. Results: There was no significant difference between the two groups in terms of age, gender, and body mass index (BMI). The mean values of MS parameters were not significant between the two groups. Systolic hypertension (HTN) was significantly higher in the vitiligo group than in the control group (P=0.03). Increasing the length of the disease by one year increased the chance of MS occurrence by 7%. Conclusion: In the current study, systolic HTN was significantly higher in vitiligo patients compared to the control group. MS was also more common in vitiligo patients than in the control group, but the result was not statistically significant.

Relationship between bullous pemphigoid and metabolic syndrome: a 12-year case-control study conducted in China.

Background:Hypertension, diabetes, dyslipidemia, and obesity are prevalent in patients with bullous pemphigoid (BP) and are all components of metabolic syndrome (MS). However, the prevalence of MS in patients with BP is unknown. We aimed to evaluate the relationship between MS and BP and to define the clinical and laboratory characteristics of patients with both conditions.Methods:This retrospective case–control study was conducted for 12 years at Peking Union Medical College (162 with BP and 162 age and sex-matched controls). The components of MS were analyzed and logistic regression was used to identify independent risk factors for BP. In addition, the clinical and laboratory characteristics of patients with BP ± MS were compared.Results:The prevalence of MS in patients with BP was 35.2% and that in controls was 14.8% (p < 0.001). After adjustment for sex and age, multivariate analysis demonstrated a positive correlation between BP and MS [odds ratio (OR) 2.490, 95% confidence interval (CI) 1.040–5.963], diabetes (OR 1.870, 95% CI 1.029–3.396), and overweight or obesity (OR 1.807, 95% CI 1.026–3.182). In the BP group, participants with MS were older (p = 0.006), were less likely to present erythema (p = 0.028), and had higher serum C3 (p = 0.007) and incidence of infection within 1 year of their diagnosis (p = 0.035) than participants without MS.Conclusion:MS and its components hyperglycemia and overweight were found to be independently associated with BP. Therefore, clinicians should screen for MS in patients with BP, especially if they are older, present less erythema, or have a high serum C3.

Prevalence of metabolic syndrome in chronic obstructive pulmonary disease and its correlation with severity of disease.

ABSTRACTIntroduction:The understanding of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) has changed considerably over the past decade. The metabolic syndrome (MS) represents a cluster of risk factors that increases the risk for developing various noncommunicable diseases. In COPD, it is associated with worsening respiratory symptoms, increasing lung function impairment, pulmonary hypertension, and increasing hospitalizationsAims:To determine the prevalence of MS in patients with COPD and correlate it with disease severityMethodology:The present study was a cross-sectional observational study. Patients confirmed by spirometry to have COPD were included in the study. All demographic data and anthropometric, radiological, and laboratory parameters were recorded. The definition stated by modified NCEP ATP III criteria proposed by the AHA/NHLB (2005) was followed to identify patients with MS. Statistical analyses were performed using the Statistical Package for the Social Sciences (SPSS) version 20 for WindowsResults:A total of 76 patients were included in the study. MS was recorded in 42.1% of COPD cases. The average number of exacerbations and hospitalizations due to COPD in MS cases (1.38 ± 1.95 and 0.97 ± 1.51) were more than the patients without MS (1.27 ± 1.30 and 0.68 ± 0.96). The majority of patients with MS exhibited grade 3 dyspnea based on modified medical research council grading (MMRC). MS was commonest in patients with GOLD stage III disease. High serum triglyceride level was observed in an increasing trend (25%, 30%, 35.5%, and 75%) in GOLD stages I, II, III, and IV, respectivelyConclusion:Patients with MS present with more severe disease and frequent exacerbations. All COPD patients should be screened for MS at the primary level.

Prevalence and impact of metabolic syndrome in patients with multivessel coronary artery disease and acute coronary syndrome

Abstract Background Metabolic syndrome is associated with increased incidence of diabetes and cardiovascular diseases in patients initially free from these diseases. However, its prognostic value in patients with established coronary artery diseases remains controversial. Purpose Therefore, we aimed to illustrate the prevalence and investigate the impact of metabolic syndrome in patients with multivessel coronary artery disease and acute coronary syndrome. Methods We conducted a large registry of consecutive patients with acute coronary syndrome referred to primary percutaneous coronary intervention and those with multivessel diseases were eligible for this analysis. Metabolic syndrome was defined using modified criteria based on the Adult Treatment Panel III definition from the National Cholesterol Education Program. The primary outcome was major adverse cardiovascular events (MACE), a composite of all-cause death, myocardial infarction, and stroke. Results A total of 2532 patients were included in current analysis and 993 (39.2%) of them had metabolic syndrome while 1539 (60.8%) did not. The prevalence of metabolic syndrome increased over the study period (p for trend = 0.005). There was a significant decline of metabolic syndrome prevalence in patients over 60 years old (p for trend = 0.002) and females had a higher prevalence than their male counterparts (61.5% verse 32.9%, p&amp;lt;0.001). Over a median follow-up of 2.3 years, metabolic syndrome was not significantly associated with MACE (adjusted 95% CI 0.92 to 1.54). In addition, there was no significant difference observed between two groups in other individual outcomes, namely all-cause death, cardiac death, stroke, myocardial infarction, and any revascularization. Conclusions Metabolic syndrome was frequently observed in patients with multivessel coronary artery disease and acute coronary syndrome. Patients with metabolic syndrome were more likely to be young and female. However, it was not an independent predictor for MACE after primary percutaneous coronary intervention in those patients. Funding Acknowledgement Type of funding sources: Public Institution(s). Main funding source(s): Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences Innovation Fund for Medical Sciences Metabolic syndrome distribution in MVDOutcome according to metabolic syndrome

P-94 METABOLIC SYNDROME IN PATIENTS WITH CHRONIC HEPATITIS C

The interaction between hepatitis C and metabolic syndrome (MS) is widely discussed in the literature. To study the prevalence of MS in individuals with chronic hepatitis C and the associated clinical factors. This is a cross-sectional study. The study included 334 individuals with chronic hepatitis C, in which anthropometric variables, blood pressure and results of laboratory tests were analyzed. The prevalence of MS in patients with hepatitis C was 2.4% (8/334). The mean values ​​of ALT were 90.1 ± 65.8; AST of 76.3 ± 70.4; and GGT of 130.2 ± 160, among those with HCV infection without MS. Among individuals with MS, ALT was 122.3 ± 82.3, AST was 76.7 ± 29.5, GGT was 102.3 ± 55.2. The steatosis found was 49.7% (166/334), while among individuals with MS, a frequency of 62.5% (5/8) was observed. F1 was 23.8% in HCV patients and, in SM, it was 12.5%; F2 48.5% and 37.5%, F3 22% and 37.5% and F4 5.7% and 12.5%. In individuals with hepatitis C and MS, systemic arterial hypertension was observed in 87.5% of cases, diabetes in 75%, dyslipidemia in 62.5% and obesity. MS had a low prevalence in HCV patients, and was associated, with a higher frequency of steatosis, greater inflammatory activity and more advanced liver fibrosis.

Comparative Characteristics of the Metabolic Syndrome Prevalence in Patients With Schizophrenia in Three Western Siberia Psychiatric Hospitals.

Objective: The purpose of this study was to compare the prevalence of MetS and the associated sociodemographic, clinical, and pharmacotherapeutic characteristics of patients with schizophrenia in three psychiatric hospitals in the West Siberian region.Methods: Patients with a clinical diagnosis of schizophrenia (ICD-10: F20) and an age between 18 and 60 years were included in the study after giving informed consent. Metabolic syndrome was diagnosed according to the International Diabetes Federation criteria. This research was carried out at three Western Siberian psychiatric hospitals in Kemerovo, Tomsk, and Omsk. The study population included respectively 94, 131, and 91 inpatients with schizophrenia. We carried out schizophrenia symptoms assessment by PANSS, antipsychotic therapy evaluation, anthropometry, and biochemical analysis. Statistical Analysis included the Shapiro–Wilk test, non-parametric Kruskal–Wallis H-test for independent samples, Mann–Whitney U-test for independent samples, the chi-square test, stepwise multiple regression analyses. The level of significance was p < 0.05.Results: The metabolic syndrome prevalence was higher among patients in Tomsk (36.6%), compared with Kemerovo (20.2%, p = 0.008) or Omsk (18.7%, p = 0.004), mainly due to the high prevalence of abdominal obesity, while men from Tomsk were more susceptible to this condition than men from other regions (p < 0.05). Patients from Omsk had the highest severity schizophrenia symptoms according to PANSS, and patients from Tomsk had the lowest severity of positive symptoms according to PANSS. Patients from Tomsk had the minimum duration of antipsychotic therapy compared with the patient from Kemerovo (p = 0.017) and from Omsk (p = 0.000019), but most patients from Tomsk received second-generation atypical antipsychotics, while patients from Omsk received mainly conventional antipsychotics (p = 0.0001). Multiple regression analysis showed that metabolic syndrome associated with schizophrenia duration and body mass index, although the association was not so strong (adjusted R2 = 0.2435, p < 0.0001).Discussion: The study illustrates that in different psychiatric hospitals within the same region, the prevalence of metabolic syndrome in patients with schizophrenia can vary significantly, which dictates the need to look for opportunities to minimize the risk of its occurrence, taking into account the experience of each hospital.

Metabolic syndrome in patients with Alopecia Areata: A case-control study.

The aim of this study was to evaluate metabolic syndrome prevalence in patients with Alopecia Areata compared to controls. Sixty eligible patients with Alopecia Areata and 60 healthy subjects frequency matched for age and sex attending to our referral dermatology clinics from 2015 to 2017 were enrolled. Prevalence of metabolic syndrome and its components were compared between the two groups. Metabolic syndrome was only seen in seven patients (11.67%) and four controls (6.67%) without a significant difference (P= .34). The clinical presentations of AA included patch type (38.33%), ophiasis (6.67%), alopecia totalis (16.67%), and alopecia universalis (38.33%). Presence of metabolic syndrome was significantly associated with abdominal circumference (OR: 1.10, 95% CI for OR: 1.02to 1.19). Although there was no significant association between Alopecia Areata and metabolic syndrome, some components of metabolic syndrome were more prevalent in these patients. It may be concluded Alopecia Areata patients are at a higher risk of developing metabolic syndrome in the future. Further studies with larger sample sizes are needed.

Prevalence of metabolic syndrome in the long-term after liver transplantation: A prospective evaluation

Rationale: Metabolic syndrome (MS) and excessive weight gain are common in the first years after liver transplantation (LTx). The prevalence of MS in this population usually ranges from 40 to 60%. However, this prevalence has been little discussed regarding the long term post LTx. Therefore, we aimed to assess the long term changes in Body Mass Index (BMI), body composition (BC) by bioelectric impedance, and the prevalence of MS in patients who underwent LTx.

Metabolic syndrome prevalence in patients with obstructive sleep apnea syndrome and chronic obstructive pulmonary disease: Relationship with systemic inflammation.

ObjectivesMetabolic syndrome (MetS) is frequent in both chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) and Obstructive sleep apnea (OSA). The aim of this study was to assess the frequency of MetS and the status of systemic inflammation in overlap syndrome.MethodsA total of 151 consecutive COPD patients were recruited in this cross‐sectional study. Spirometry and polysomnography were done in all patients. The MetS was defined according to the criteria of the International Diabetes Federation. Anthropometry, metabolic parameters and inflammatory biomarkers: IL‐6, TNF‐α, leptin, resistin and adiponectin were recorded.ResultsOSA was present in 19.2% COPD patients. Subjects with overlap syndrome had higher neck and waist circumference compared to those with COPD alone. Significant differences in levels of blood pressure, lipid metabolic and glucose metabolic were found between two groups with overlap and COPD, as well as inflammatory biomarkers. Prevalence of MetS was increased in overlap group. Multivariate logistic regression showed that BMI, systolic BP when fall asleep and recumbent angiotens levels as significant independent predictors of the presence of Mets in overlap syndrome.ConclusionThis study shows that MetS is frequent in patients with overlap. Overlap syndrome indicates a higher cardiometabolic risk and higher levels of systemic inflammatory.

Study of prevalence of metabolic syndrome in androgenetic alopecia

&lt;p class="abstract"&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Background:&lt;/strong&gt; Androgenetic alopecia (AGA) is commonly known as male pattern baldness has a prevalence of up to 50% in men worldwide. It occurs in most patients before the age of 40 years. It is characterized by a progressive conversion of terminal hair into miniaturized hair defined by various patterns. Various studies have shown that androgenetic alopecia have significant physical and psychological morbidity and a lowered dermatological life quality index.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p class="abstract"&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Methods:&lt;/strong&gt; The study included 75 patients with clinical diagnosis of AGA and 75 age and sex matched controls. After taking complete history, general examination and thorough dermatological examination was performed in all cases to grade the severity of AGA. Fasting serum samples were taken from all cases and controls and assayed for fasting plasma glucose and lipid profile. Metabolic syndrome (MS) was diagnosed according to 2005 revised National Cholesterol Education Programme’s Adult Treatment Panel III (NCEP ATP III). Chi square test was used for statistical analysis.&lt;strong&gt;&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p class="abstract"&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Results:&lt;/strong&gt; Metabolic syndrome was seen in 25 cases (33.3%) compared to 11 controls (14%), which was statistically significant (p=0.007). Statistically significant increased prevalence of raised TGL levels (p=0.002), raised LDL levels (p=0.024), low HDL levels (p=0.0001), diabetes mellitus (p=0.004) was also observed in AGA.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p class="abstract"&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Conclusions:&lt;/strong&gt; There is a clear association between AGA and MS and there is statistically significant prevalence of MS in patients with increasing severity and duration of AGA. Screening is required for early detection of dyslipidemia, diabetes mellitus and MS in all patients of AGA to prevent long-term morbidity.&lt;/p&gt;

Study of Lipid Profile in Different grades of Non- Alcoholic Fatty Liver Disease

Background: The prevalence of NAFLD (non- alcoholic fatty liver disease) is increasing as it exceed (31.79%) in Middle East and the metabolic syndrome prevalence in patients with NAFLD ranges from 18% to 67%, according to the body weight. Imaging or histology is very important tools in diagnosis of NAFLD. Early detection of NAFLD is very important especially if there is a non-invasive method. The clinicians in the primary, secondary and tertiary care are in need for specific and sensitive diagnostic tool that can be used easily. Aim: To study and analyze serum lipid changes in non-alcoholic fatty liver disease of different grades. Patients and methods: 100 patients diagnosed by ultrasonography as NAFLD, whose age was more than 18 years, were included in the study. History taking, full clinical examination and anthropometric measurement of weight, height and body mass index (BMI) were done for all patients. Serum lipid profiles including total cholesterol, HDL, LDL, triglycerides, ALT, AST. CBC, fasting and 2hpp blood glucose and TSH were measured. Results: The largest group of patients (38%) was in the fifth decade of life. followed by 30% in the sixth decade of life. As the grade of NAFLD increased, there was associated significant increase in levels of serum total cholesterol (P-value 0.005), TG (P-value 0.002) LDL (P-value 0.001) and VLDL (P-value 0.003) and associated significant decrease in HDL (P-value 0.001). Conclusions: abdominal ultrasonography and increased lipid profile values can be used to detect NAFLD early

Prevalence of metabolic syndrome in young patients with ST-elevation myocardial infarction

Background: Atherosclerotic cardiovascular disease influences young patients as well as the elderly. A large proportion of patients with coronary artery disease (CAD) have metabolic syndrome (MS), although the frequency and association of its different components are not clear. To the best of our knowledge, there is no any study about the prevalence of MS among young patients with ST-elevation myocardial infarction (STEMI). We sought to determine the prevalence of MS in patients below 46 years of age who presented with STEMI and underwent primary percutaneous coronary intervention. Methods: In the present prospective study, 141 consecutive patients with STEMI <46 years of age admitted to intensive coronary care unit. STEMI was defined according to the ESC guidelines for the management of acute myocardial infarction in patients presenting with ST-segment elevation. All patients were grouped presence of MS. In the second step, the components of MS were analyzed, excluding patients with diabetes mellitus (DM). Results: The total prevalence of MS was 46.8% (n = 66). In MS group, the most frequent component of MS was low high-density lipoprotein (HDL) levels (84.8%), followed by elevated triglycerides (TGs) (78.1%). A total of 121 patients did not have DM and 51 (42.1%) of these patients presented with MS. Conclusions: The prevalence of MS in young patients with STEMI is high. Low HDL cholesterol (HDLc) concentrations and high TG levels are cardiovascular risk factors, regardless of low-density lipoprotein cholesterol levels and they are found too often in our study. These results highlight the need to implement preventative strategies for reducing overall cardiovascular risk in young patients as well as elderly.

Which Criteria to Use to Identify Metabolic Syndrome among Patients with Addictive Disorders?: Observations among Patients with Alcohol and Opioid Dependence Syndrome.

In spite of various psychoactive substances (including tobacco, alcohol, and opioids) being closely associated with development of metabolic syndrome (MS), little research exists on the prevalence of MS among persons with addictive disorders. The criteria used to diagnose MS varied across these studies, and part of the variation in the prevalence rate (5.1%–30.6%) could be attributable to this fact. The current study aimed to assess the prevalence of MS in patients with alcohol dependence syndrome (ADS) and opioid dependence syndrome (ODS) using revised National Cholesterol Education Programme Adult Treatment Panel (NCEP ATP-III) criteria and International Diabetes Federation (IDF) criteria. We tried to assess the impact of the choice of the diagnostic criteria on the prevalence rate of MS in the persons with ADS and ODS. This was a cross-sectional observational study. Semi-structured pro forma was used to collect information on the sociodemographic profile and clinical profile. Anthropometric measurements included waist circumference, height, weight, and body mass index (BMI). The systolic and diastolic blood pressure, fasting blood sugar (FBS), serum triglycerides, and serum high-density lipoprotein were measured. Patients were diagnosed as having MS by using revised NCEP ATP-III and IDF criteria. Statistical analysis was done by Chi-square (Fischer's exact test), independent sample Student's t-test, and Cohen's kappa. Among the individuals with ADS, the prevalence of MS was found to be 20.8% and 9.9% according to revised NCEP ATP III criteria and IDF criteria, respectively. Among individuals with ODS, the prevalence of MS was found to be 20.3% and 5.1% according to revised NCEP ATP III criteria IDF criteria, respectively. While there was a good degree of concordance between IDF and modified NCEP-ATP III criteria for MS for ADS (n = 256) (κ = 0.649, P < 0.001), the concordance was only fair for ODS (κ = 0.333, P < 0.001). The findings of our study thereby support the recommendation that revised NCEP ATP-III criteria is better choice than IDF criteria for identification of MS in individuals having addictive disorders, especially opioid dependence.

Coronary vascular disease event risk and metabolic syndrome prevalence in patients enrolled in an assertive treatment community program

ObjectiveTo examine the risk of coronary vascular disease event (CVDE) and the prevalence metabolic syndrome (MS) and its cardiovascular risk factors (CVRF) in patients with severe mental illnesses enrolled in an assertive treatment community program (ATC) in Spain. MethodWe carried out a cross-sectional descriptive study with all of the patients included in an ATC program in 2016 in a health area with 547,328 inhabitants in Galicia, Spain. We identified the CVRF in all the individuals, and calculated MS and 10-year CVDE. We also compared the prevalence of all traits in our cohort and the general population. ResultsThe 10-year median of coronary vascular disease event (CVDE10) was 8.4%. The percentage of individuals with high CVDE10 (>5%) was 41.2% The CVDE10 median was higher in men than women (10.5% vs 5.1%, p<0.001). MS was detected in 50% of patients without differences between men and women (51.2% vs 48.2%). A prevalence of 68% was found for smoking, 55% for dyslipidemia, 47% for obesity, 29% for impaired glucose metabolism, and 38% for hypertension. Women showed a higher prevalence of obesity measured by elevated waist circumference (88.9% vs 55.6%, p=0.003). Men showed a higher prevalence of arterial hypertension (46.6% vs 22.2%, p=0.0001). ConclusionsThe SMD Patients enrolled in ATC programs had a 1.5-times higher prevalence of MS and 8 times higher CVDE10 than those reported in the general population. Individual CVRF were also higher in the SMD patients. Prevention, early detection, and comprehensive treatment are important issues for patients with severe mental illnesses.