Prevalence Of Metabolic Syndrome Components Research Articles

Prevalence of Metabolic Syndrome Components and High Atherogenic Index in Obese Nondiabetic Children

Prevalence of Metabolic Syndrome Components and High Atherogenic Index in Obese Nondiabetic Children

Sarcoidosis as a disease associated with metabolic syndrome

The review summarizes and analyzes the results of domestic and major foreign studies of recent years concerning the prevalence of metabolic syndrome components and the explanation of their role in the mechanisms of sarcoidosis development. A deep understanding of the pathogenesis of metabolic syndrome (MS) in terms of the role in it of risk factors for a severe course and complications of most socially sensitive noncommunicable diseases clustered within MS can underly the development of effective pathogen-specific approaches to MS treatment.

Clinical Profile of Postmenopause Women with Genetic Predisposition of Metabolic Syndrome in Batam, Makassar, and Surabaya

Background: Menopause is defined as the cessation of menstruation for 12 months or more. Women who experienced menopause often present with some symptoms associated with menopause. Menopausal symptoms are a serious problem in menopausal women as menopausal symptoms suffered by some women can interfere with their quality of life. Metabolic syndrome consists of a collection of metabolic disorders that increase the risk of cardiovascular disease and diabetes mellitus. Both genetic and environmental factors play an important role in the development of metabolic syndrome. Objective: The purpose of this study was to determine the clinical profile of postmenopausal women with a genetic predisposition to metabolic syndrome. Materials and Methods: This is a cross-sectional study using the total sampling method in a population of postmenopausal women from 3 communities in Batam, Makassar, and Surabaya. The research was conducted online using a questionnaire. Result: Researchers selected 70 postmenopausal women. Of the 70 respondents, the average age of the respondents was 55.66 ± 4.24 (SD) years. The mean age of the respondents at menopause was 50.01 ± 3.57 (SD) years. The majority of respondents in this study had menopause for 1 – 5 years. The job that most respondents had was as a civil servant. The majority of respondents have a university level of education. The number of respondents who are in income group 3 and group 4 is the same. Most of the menopausal symptoms experienced by respondents were physical and mental exhaustion followed by joint and muscular discomfort. The most common genetic predisposition of the metabolic syndrome component suffered by respondents in this study was central obesity, followed by hypertension. The highest prevalence of metabolic syndrome components suffered by respondents is central obesity, then hypertension. Based on the hypothesis test using chi-square on the genetic predisposition of the metabolic syndrome component and the metabolic syndrome component on menopausal symptoms, there was no significant correlation between the variables tested (P value > 0.05) Conclusion: There was no significant correlation between the genetic predisposition of the metabolic syndrome component variable and the metabolic syndrome component variable on the menopausal symptoms variable.

Prevalence of Metabolic Syndrome Components among EarlyAge onset Acute Coronary Syndrome Patients in Bangladesh

Aim: Metabolic Syndrome (MetS), a significant risk factor for coronary artery disease (CAD), is now highly prevalent in South Asian countries, including Bangladesh. The diseases also affect young people. A large number of young populations with acute coronary syndrome (ACS) have MetS. The aim of this study was to determine the prevalence of MetS and the combination of components in patients with early age onset ACS (age ≤50 years). Methods: This prospective study comprised 678 consecutive patients age ≤50 years hospitalized for ACS during 2012-2013. The patients were categorized according to the criteria stated in the latest joint statement for the global definition of MetS. Results: Among 678 ACS patients, 236 (34.8%) patients have filled the criteria of MetS. The mean age was 42.4 ± 0.28 years. The prevalence of MetS was higher in females than in males (48.8% vs. 30.4%, p < 0.001). One component of MetS was found in 26.4%, two components in 29.8%, three or more components in 34.8% of young ACS study participants. Among the various components of MetS, low HDL and high TG were the crucial common components of MetS in young ACS patients in Bangladesh (low HDL: 51.9%, high TG: 44.8%). Conclusions: We conclude that the prevalence of MetSin patients with early age onset ACS (age ≤50 years) is high in Bangladesh. Since Low HDL and high TG are the most common components of MetSin our study, these biochemical parameters would be a clinical target for early treatment. Strategies are needed for the early detection and treatment of cardio-metabolic risk factors to prevent coronary artery disease progression and prognosis.

Metabolic syndrome components for different assessment criteria among women of a middle-urbanized city of Western Siberia

The prevalence of metabolic syndrome components at the population level was determined mainly in age-limited contingents, by criteria for assessing metabolic syndrome, or on selective samples of the population, while conducting correct epidemiological studies in open female populations to study the prevalence of metabolic syndrome components according to various assessment criteria seems to be extremely relevant. Aim of the study was to establish the prevalence of metabolic syndrome components in an open female population according to different assessment criteria (on the model of Tyumen). Material and methods. A cross-sectional epidemiological study was carried out among females in one of the administrative districts of Tyumen. A representative sample was formed from electoral lists among women 25-64 years old by the method of «random numbers» – 1000 subjects (250 persons in four decades of life). The response to the study was 70.3 %. The NCEP ATP III (2004) and IDF (2005) criteria for assessing the metabolic syndrome were used for the analysis. Results. In an open population of a moderately urbanized city of Western Siberia among women 25-64 years old, a high prevalence of abdominal obesity was revealed according to various criteria for assessing agestandardized indicator (33.5 and 49.8 %), a positive relationship with age was determined. The prevalence of arterial hypertension, hyperglycemia and hypertriglyceridemia HTG occupies the middle position with a significant increase in indicators in older age categories. In women of the urban population, a high prevalence of high density lipoprotein hypocholesterolemia was revealed in young and middle age (from 18.5 to 31.3 %). Conclusion. The obtained data on the prevalence of metabolic syndrome components in women in an open population help to identify risk groups for the development of cardiovascular diseases and to outline measures for primary prevention among the population of a medium-urbanized city of Western Siberia.

Prevalence of metabolic syndrome components in men of an open urban population according to different assessment criteria

<h3></h3> Распространенность компонентов метаболического синдрома (МС) на популяционном уровне определялась преимущественно на контингентах, ограниченных возрастом, критериями оценки МС, либо на селективных выборках населения, в связи с чем проведение корректных эпидемиологических исследований на открытых популяциях по изучению распространенности компонентов МС по разным критериям оценки представляется крайне актуальным. <h3>ЦЕЛЬ ИССЛЕДОВАНИЯ</h3> Определение распространенности компонентов МС у мужчин открытой городской популяции по разным критериям оценки (на модели Тюмени). <h3>МАТЕРИАЛ И МЕТОДЫ</h3> Кросс-секционное эпидемиологическое исследование проводилось среди лиц мужского пола одного из административных округов Тюмени. Репрезентативная выборка была сформирована из избирательных списков среди мужчин в возрасте 25—64 лет методом «случайных чисел» — 1000 человек (по 250 человек в четырех десятилетиях жизни), отклик на исследование составил 85,0%. Для анализа использованы критерии оценки МС: NCEP ATP III (2004), IDF (2005), ВНОК (2009). <h3>РЕЗУЛЬТАТЫ</h3> В открытой городской популяции (на модели Тюмень) среди мужчин 25—64 лет выявлена высокая распространенность артериальной гипертонии и абдоминального ожирения по разным критериям оценки, определена положительная связь с возрастом. От третьего до пятого десятилетия жизни сформирован последовательный возрастной тренд по распространенности гипер-ХС ЛПНП и гипергликемии, показатели распространенности гипо-ХС ЛПВП не формировали возрастного тренда в популяции. <h3>ЗАКЛЮЧЕНИЕ</h3> Результаты сравнительного межпопуляционного анализа подтверждают известные данные о том, что уровни и распространенность факторов риска подвержены большим колебаниям среди населения, даже проживающего на сравнительно близких в географическом отношении территориях. В свою очередь, это обстоятельство исключает целесообразность переноса полученных результатов на другие популяции и обусловливает необходимость изучения профиля факторов риска в конкретных условиях, без чего невозможно прогнозировать эффективность научно обоснованных превентивных мероприятий в регионе.

FRI051 - Analysis of the prevalence of metabolic syndrome components and other factors as predictors of disease progression among an urban population with NAFLD and/or NASH

FRI051 - Analysis of the prevalence of metabolic syndrome components and other factors as predictors of disease progression among an urban population with NAFLD and/or NASH

What We Eat and Where We Work Is What We Become: Worksite Food Environment Exposure and Cardio-Metabolic Health among Employed Adults of Urban Delhi, India.

The incidence of metabolic syndrome (MS) which is a predictor of increasing CVD is on the rise among adults in urban India. The present study was designed to measure the prevalence of cardio metabolic risk (CMR) as per MS among employed adults in Delhi, India. Study design was cross-sectional. Anthropometric and biochemical measurements were carried out using standard techniques on apparently healthy males and females (n=455) working in various government and private organisations in Delhi, India after obtaining ethical permissions. It was found that more than one-third of the study population had MS (43.8%). A significant difference in the prevalence of MS was seen among males (34.7%) and females (57.5%, p<0.05). The prevalence of MS components was: abdominal obesity (54.3%), hypertriglyceridemia (61.9%), hypertension (56.6%), hypertriglyceridemia (27.4%), low HDL-c levels (63.7%). CMR (assessed from 0-5, where 0 means no MS). It was found that CMR increased with age (β: 0.01; 95% CI: 0.009,0.01; p=0.000) especially among females (β: 0.29; 95% CI: 0.19,0.38; p=0.000) who were consuming frequent non-vegetarian foods (β: 0.04; 95% CI: 0.01,0.09; p=0.07), had family history of diseases (β: 0.08; 95% CI: 0.01,0.18; p=0.09) and were sedentary workers (β: 0.05; 95% CI: 0.00,0.10; p=0.06). Unhealthy worksite food environment characterised by high fast food outlet density (β: 0.003; 95% CI: 0.00,0.007; p=0.04) in close proximity (β: 0.17; 95% CI: 0.36,0.00; p=0.05) to worksite were also associated with MS. There is a high prevalence of individual components of MS and overall prevalence of MS. Food environment and physical inactivity were two paramount factors resulting in increased CMR among the study population.

An analysis of the associations between gender and metabolic syndrome components in Korean adults: a national cross-sectional study

BackgroundThis study aimed to examine the associations between gender and the prevalence of metabolic syndrome (MS) components among Korean adults by age and body mass index (BMI) subgroups.MethodsThis study obtained data from the sixth Korea National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey 2013–2015, a cross-sectional and nationally representative survey conducted by the Korean Centers for Diseases Control and Prevention.ResultsOf the 11,136 subjects included in this study, there were 4627 (41.5%) men and 6509 (58.5%) women. Compared to women, men were at higher risks of hypertension (HTN) (odds ratio [OR], 1.508; 95% confidence interval [CI], 1.320–1.723), diabetes mellitus (DM) (OR, 1.638; 95% CI, 1.333–2.013), prediabetes (OR, 1.549; 95% CI, 1.355–1.771), and hypertriglyceridemia (OR, 2.466; 95% CI, 2.097–2.900), but at lower risks of low high-density lipoprotein (HDL) (OR, 0.346; 95% CI, 0.307–0.390) and high waist circumference (WC) (OR, 0.780; 95% CI, 0.647–0.940). Among subjects with BMI < 25 kg/m2, the risks of HTN, DM, prediabetes, and hypertriglyceridemia were higher in men than in women, whereas the risks of low HDL level and high WC were lower in men. Similarly, among subjects with BMI ≥25 kg/m2, compared to women, men were at higher risks of HTN, DM, prediabetes, and hypertriglyceridemia, but at lower risks of low HDL level.ConclusionsThe difference in the prevalence of MS components between men and women can be partially explained by the different effects of gender on the etiology of MS components. The results showed that gender was likely to contribute to an increase in the prevalence of MS components. HTN, DM, prediabetes, and hypertriglyceridemia were more prevalent in men than in women, whereas the prevalence of low HDL level and high WC were higher in women than in men. Similar results were found in subgroup analyses by age and BMI.

Clusters and components of the metabolic syndrome are associations with the prevalence of depression in open urban male population

Aim. To establish associations of the frequency of detection of clusters and components of the metabolic syndrome (MS) with the prevalence of depression in open male population of moderately urbanized Siberian city.Material and methods. Cross-sectional epidemiological survey included 1000 individuals formed from the election list of males in one of the Tyumen administrative districts. The response rate was 85,0%. MS was assessed using the International Diabetes Federation (IDF) criteria. A self-administered WHO MONICA-psychosocial questionnaire was used to assess the levels of depression. Statistical analysis was conducted using a package of software program for medical data IBM SPSS Statistics 21.0.Results. In the open population of moderately urbanized Siberian city in men (age 25-64) with depression the following clusters of MS are prevalent: abdominal obesity (AO) + hypertriglyceridemia (HTG) + decrease of high-density lipoprotein cholesterol (hypoHDL-C) and AO + hypoHDL-C + arterial hypertension (AH); in the presence of a high level of depression AO + HTG + hypoHDL-C and AO + hypoHDL-C + AH are prevalent. A direct correlation was established between the prevalence of depression and abdominal obesity and hypertension, as well as the prevalence of a high level of depression with HTG and hypo-HDL cholesterol. In the open urban population in men (age 25-64) with high level of depression the following clusters of MS are prevalent: AO + HTG + hypoHDL-C and AO + HTG + hypoHDL-C + AH. We established an increase in the chances of developing a high level of depression with following MS clusters: AO + HTG + hypoHDL-C. According to IDF criteria, the prevalence of MS components in male population (age 25-64) in Tyumen was: AO — 42,6%; AH — 59,8%; hyperglycemia — 17,4%; HTG — 10,5%; hypoHDL-C — 4,6%. With a primary prevalence of MS components in men (age 25-64) with a low level of depression, the prevalence of HTG and hypoHDL-C in open population of moderately urbanized Siberian city prevails in men with high and mean levels of depression.Conclusion. The strategies for MS prevention in men of moderately urbanized city should contain measures to optimize nutrition regarding psychosocial determinants. This is due not only to the wide prevalence of overweight and obesity in Tyumen population but also to dyslipidemia associated with these factors.

Dietary diversity score is associated with cardiovascular risk factors and serum adiponectin concentrations in patients with metabolic syndrome

BackgroundMetabolic syndrome is associated with cardio-metabolic risk factors and lipid abnormalities. Previous studies evaluated the dietary habits and nutrient intakes among patients with metabolic syndrome; however the association between metabolic risk factors and adiponectin with dietary diversity score (DDS) in patients with metabolic syndrome has not been evaluated yet. Therefore the aim of the current study was to evaluate these relationships among patients with metabolic syndrome.MethodsOne hundred sixty patients with metabolic syndrome were recruited in the study. The anthropometric parameters including weight, height, waist circumference and hip circumference were measured. Serum adiponectin concentration was measured by enzyme- linked immunosorbent assay method (ELISA). Lipid profile and fasting serum glucose concentrations (FSG) were also measured with enzymatic colorimetric methods. Blood pressure was also measured and DDS was calculated using the data obtained from food frequency questionnaire (FFQ).ResultsSubjects in lower DDS categorizes had significantly lower energy and fiber intake; whereas mean protein intake of subjects in the highest quartile was significantly higher than second quartile. Higher prevalence of obesity was also observed in the top quartiles (P < 0.001). Subjects in the lower quartiles had higher serum triglyceride concentrations and systolic blood pressure (SBP) values and lower serum adiponectin concentrations compared with subjects in higher DDS categorizes (P < 0.05). The prevalence of metabolic syndrome components among patients in lower DDS quartiles was significantly higher (P < 0.05).ConclusionOur study found a lower serum triglyceride and SBP and higher serum adiponectin concentrations in top quartiles of DDS. The findings clarify the possible preventive role of higher dietary diversity score against metabolic syndrome. However, for further confirming the findings, more studies are warranted.

Spirulina platensis and silicon-enriched spirulina equally improve glucose tolerance and decrease the enzymatic activity of hepatic NADPH oxidase in obesogenic diet-fed rats.

The prevalence of metabolic syndrome components, such as obesity, glucose intolerance and hepatic steatosis, is rapidly increasing and becoming a major issue of public health. The present work was designed to determine the effects of Spirulina platensis (Sp) algae and silicon-enriched Sp on major metabolic syndrome components in obesogenic diet-fed rats. Forty male Wistar rats were divided into 4 groups. Ten rats were fed a control diet and 30 rats were fed a high fat (HF) diet. The HF groups were divided into three groups and supplemented with placebo or Sp or Si-enriched Sp for 12 weeks. Dietary intake and body weight were recorded. Oral glucose tolerance test and surrogate metabolic syndrome (insulin, leptin, adiponectin and lipids), mitochondrial function (enzymatic activity of respiratory chain complexes and β-hydroxyacyl-CoA dehydrogenase), NADPH oxidase activity and several long-established oxidative stress markers were measured in the blood and liver. The HF diet induced obesity, glucose intolerance, hepatic steatosis and huge metabolic alterations, associated with higher NADPH oxidase activity and lower hepatic sulfhydryl group and glutathione contents. Otherwise, the Sp and Sp + Si supplements showed some interesting effects on rat characteristics and particularly on blood and hepatic metabolic parameters. Indeed, the intake of Sp or Sp + Si mainly improved glucose tolerance and decreased the enzymatic activity of hepatic NADPH oxidase. Overall, Si supplementation of spirulina does not appear to have more beneficial effects than spirulina alone. Other experiments with different species of rats/mice, different diets or different durations of diet intake should be undertaken to confirm or invalidate these results.

Prevalence of Postoperation Metabolic Syndrome in Pediatric Liver Transplant Patients: A Single Center Experience.

Metabolic syndrome components, such as being overweight or having hypertension, hyperlipidemia, or diabetes mellitus, are common complications after liver transplant in pediatric patients with probable multifactorial causes and increase the risk of cardiovascular complications in adulthood. In this study, our aim was to evaluate the prevalence of these components both before and after transplant surgery. Our study included all children having liver transplant at our institution over a period of 20 years who were under 18 years old and had at least 6 months of posttransplant follow-up. Prevalence of metabolic syndrome components and pretransplant and posttransplant laboratory data of patients were evaluated. Over the 20-year study period, 391 liver transplant patients were included in our study, in which 167 were girls (42.7%) and 224 were boys (57.3%). Patients showed a posttransplant hyperlipidemia rate of 7.5%, hyperglycemia rate of 22%, hypertension rate of 9.6%, and metabolic syndrome rate of 50.2%. Pretransplant, the rate of patients with metabolic syndrome was 10.5%. Our study confirmed that the prevalence of metabolic syndrome in patients after liver transplant increases dramatically and should be explored with further research.

Racial and ethnic differences in the prevalence of metabolic syndrome and its components of metabolic syndrome in women with polycystic ovary syndrome: a regional cross-sectional study

Polycystic ovary syndrome is a heterogeneous disorder and its presentation varies with race and ethnicity. Reproductive-age women with polycystic ovary syndrome are at increased risk of metabolic syndrome; however, it is not clear if prevalence of metabolic syndrome and clustering of its components differs based on race and ethnicity. Moreover, the majority of these women do not undergo routine screening for metabolic syndrome. We sought to compare the prevalence of metabolic syndrome and clustering of its components in women with polycystic ovary syndrome in the United States with women in India, Brazil, Finland, and Norway. This is a cross-sectional study performed in 1089 women with polycystic ovary syndrome from 1999 through 2016 in 5 outpatient clinics in the United States, India, Brazil, Finland, and Norway. Polycystic ovary syndrome was defined by the Rotterdam criteria. Main outcome measures were: metabolic syndrome prevalence, blood pressure, body mass index, fasting high-density lipoprotein cholesterol, fasting triglycerides, and fasting glucose. Data from all sites were reevaluated for appropriate application of diagnostic criteria for polycystic ovary syndrome, identification of polycystic ovary syndrome phenotype, and complete metabolic workup. The US White women with polycystic ovary syndrome were used as the referent group. Logistic regression models were used to evaluate associations between race and metabolic syndrome prevalence and its components and to adjust for potential confounders, including age and body mass index. The median age of the entire cohort was 28 years. Women from India had the highest mean Ferriman-Gallwey score for clinical hyperandrogenism (15.6 ± 6.5, P < .001). The age-adjusted odds ratio for metabolic syndrome was highest in US Black women at 4.52 (95% confidence interval, 2.46-8.35) compared with US White women. When adjusted for age and body mass index, the prevalence was similar in the 2 groups. Significantly more Black women met body mass index and blood pressure criteria (P < .001), and fewer met fasting triglycerides criteria (P < .05). The age- and body mass index-adjusted prevalence of metabolic syndrome was highest in Indian women (odds ratio, 6.53; 95% confidence interval, 3.47-12.30) with abnormalities in glucose and fasting high-density lipoprotein cholesterol criterion and in Norwegian women (odds ratio, 2.16; 95% confidence interval, 1.17-3.98) with abnormalities in blood pressure, glucose, and fasting high-density lipoprotein cholesterol criterion. The Brazilian and Finnish cohorts had similar prevalence of metabolic syndrome and its components compared to US White women. Despite a unifying diagnosis of polycystic ovary syndrome, there are significant differences in the prevalence of metabolic syndrome and clustering of its components based on race and ethnicity, which may reflect contributions from both racial and environmental factors. Our findings indicate the prevalence of metabolic syndrome components varies in women with polycystic ovary syndrome, such that compared to White women from the United States, Black US women had the highest prevalence, whereas women from India and Norway had a higher prevalence of metabolic syndrome independent of obesity. The differences in clustering of components of metabolic syndrome based on ethnicity highlight the need to routinely perform complete metabolic screening to identify specific targets for cardiovascular risk reduction strategies in these reproductive-age women.

Association Between Socioeconomic Determinants and the Metabolic Syndrome in the German Health Interview and Examination Survey for Adults (DEGS1) - A Mediation Analysis.

Metabolic syndrome and different socioeconomic characteristics including education and occupational status have been found to be associated in previous research. Nonetheless, theoretical models defining core variables and causal processes accounting for these associations are lacking. The main objectives of the present investigation are (1) to present a theoretical model integrating physiological, biochemical, and psychosocial factors determining metabolic syndrome prevalence and (2) to corroborate the hypothesis that socioeconomic determinants are (partially) mediated by health-related behaviors, health risks, and dietary habits. The research hypothesis is tested with cross-sectional data from the German Health Interview and Examination Survey for Adults (DEGS1) conducted from 2008 to 2011 (n = 7,987) by means of multivariate regression models which appropriately take into account the stochastic dependence of metabolic syndrome components. The results suggest that the metabolic syndrome is less frequent among individuals with a higher educational level and those who have a partner. These associations may point to protective effects of social support, self-efficacy, and other socio-psychological constructs in relation to metabolic syndrome incidence. Furthermore, frequent consumption of wine, muesli, fruits, and raw vegetables are associated with lower prevalence rates of metabolic syndrome components. The associations of occupational status, income, and employment are partially mediated by health-related behavior, physiological and psychosocial factors, and dietary habits. Sensitivity analyses have suggested that even small changes in the distribution of potential risk and protective factors may reduce the prevalence of metabolic syndrome components. Healthrelated behavior (smoking, physical activity) and physiological and psychosocial factors mediate the association between socioeconomic characteristics and metabolic syndrome prevalence. However, metabolic syndrome components were much less frequent among individuals with a higher educational level, higher income and occupational status, and those having a life partner.

The Prevalence of Metabolic Syndrome and Different Obesity Phenotype in Iranian Male Military Personnel.

Obesity, especially when concentrated in the abdominal area, is often associated with the presence of metabolic syndrome. Stress, particularly occupational stress, is one of the most important factors contributing to the increased prevalence of metabolic syndrome components among different populations. This study aimed to investigate the prevalence of overweight and obesity as well as the criteria for metabolic syndrome and its risk factors and different obesity phenotype in a population of military personnel aged 20 to 65 years. This study is a retrospective cross-sectional study in which data are extracted from the database of a military hospital (2,200 participants). The records of participants contained information such as age, marital status, educational level, weight, height, body mass index, blood pressure, waist circumference, history of drug use and smoking, as well as the results of tests including lipid profile and fasting blood glucose. The Adult Treatment Panel III criteria as well as two national criteria were used to identify metabolic syndrome among participants. Data analysis was p1erformed using SPSS version 16. The average age of participants was 33.37 (7.75) years. The prevalence of metabolic syndrome according to Iranian cutoff was 26.6% for the waist circumference >90 cm (585 persons) and 19.6% for the waist circumference >95 cm (432 persons). The rate of metabolic syndrome was identified as 11.1% (432 cases) according to Adult Treatment Panel III criteria. Results of the current study identified that the prevalence of metabolic syndrome among military individuals is less than other populations, but the prevalence of the syndrome is higher than other military personnel in other countries.

Gender Discrepancy in Diabetic Patients Hospitalized With Heart Failure: Does Age Matter?

Gender discrepancy in the cardiovascular diseases has been evaluated in several studies. We studied the impact of gender disparity on the presentation and outcome of diabetic heart failure (DHF) patients. A retrospective analysis was conducted including all DHF patients admitted to the Heart Hospital between 1991 and 2013. Patients' demographics, presentation, management, and hospital outcomes were analyzed and compared based on gender and age. Out of 8266 HF patients, 4684 (56.7%) were diabetic, of whom 1817 (39%) were females. Mean age was comparable in both genders. DHF female patients were more likely to be hypertensive (79% vs. 65%, P = 0.001) and obese (13% vs. 4.6%, P = 0.001). DHF females were less likely to receive beta-blockers and angiotensin-converting-enzyme inhibitors/angiotensinogen-receptor blockers (25% vs. 30%, P = 0.001, 54% vs. 57%, P = 0.01, respectively), but were more likely to be on insulin therapy (21% vs. 16%, P = 0.001). In-hospital atrial fibrillation (P =0.90), ventricular tachycardia (P = 0.07), stroke (P = 0.45), and cardiac arrest (P = 0.26) were comparable. Overall in-hospital mortality was comparable in both genders (P = 0.83). In age ≤50 years, male gender was associated with a 3-fold increase in death (13% vs. 4%, P = 0.01), however, this mortality difference disappeared in DHF patients aged >50 years (P = 0.62). In DHF, female gender is characterized by having a high prevalence of metabolic syndrome components. Also, females are more likely to have better Left ventricular ejection fraction but less likely to receive cardiovascular evidence based medications. There is no significant difference in the overall hospital mortality between both genders, however, in the younger age; males have a significantly higher mortality.

Non-obese Young Adults Have a High Prevalence of Metabolic Syndrome Components.

Although obesity is a central component of the metabolic syndrome (MetS) diagnostic criteria, it is also recognized that normal-weight obesity in which body mass index is in the normal range yet adiposity is elevated and other risk factors are present can also lead to adverse health outcomes. This scenario may be more prevalent in young adults. Thus, the identification of MetS components in non-obese young adults is an important strategy to understanding the development of chronic disease later in life. PURPOSE: To quantify the prevalence of MetS components in non-obese young adults and determine self-reported weekly physical activity (PA), sedentary behaviour times (SB) and the ratio of PA/SB (the proportion of active to sedentary time) are associated with having one or more MetS components. METHODS: 77 young (20 ± 2yrs), non-obese (BMI 22.5 ± 3.0kg·m-2) adults were assessed for MetS components, PA and SB. Participants were grouped as either having no components or one or more components of the MetS. A one-way ANOVA was used to establish differences in participant characteristics with and without MetS components and logistic regression was performed to determine the relationship between PA, SB and PA/SB with having one or more MetS component. RESULTS: 30 participants (39%) had at least one MetS component. The most prevalent MetS component was low HDL (n=21), followed by high blood pressure (n=18), large waist circumference (n=3), high triglycerides (n=3) and high fasting blood glucose (n=2). Participants with a MetS component had higher blood pressure, BMI, waist circumference, triglycerides and a lower level of HDL (all p<0.05). There was no significant relationships between having a MetS component and PA, SB or PA/SB ratio (all p>0.05). CONCLUSION: Two out of five young, non-obese participants had at least one MetS component and this was not influenced by levels of weekly PA and SB. These findings highlight that MetS components are established early in adulthood and can occur independently of obesity, PA, SB or PA/SB.

Abstract #510: Prevalence of Metabolic Syndrome Components Among Early Age Onset Acute Coronary Syndrome Patients in Bangladesh

Abstract #510: Prevalence of Metabolic Syndrome Components Among Early Age Onset Acute Coronary Syndrome Patients in Bangladesh

Prevalence of Metabolic Syndrome and Its Components among Japanese Workers by Clustered Business Category.

The present study was a cross-sectional study conducted to reveal the prevalence of metabolic syndrome and its components and describe the features of such prevalence among Japanese workers by clustered business category using big data. The data of approximately 120,000 workers were obtained from a national representative insurance organization, and the study analyzed the health checkup and questionnaire results according to the field of business of each subject. Abnormalities found during the checkups such as excessive waist circumference, hypertension or glucose intolerance, and metabolic syndrome, were recorded. All subjects were classified by business field into 18 categories based on The North American Industry Classification System. Based on the criteria of the Japanese Committee for the Diagnostic Criteria of Metabolic Syndrome, the standardized prevalence ratio (SPR) of metabolic syndrome and its components by business category was calculated, and the 95% confidence interval of the SPR was computed. Hierarchical cluster analysis was then performed based on the SPR of metabolic syndrome components, and the 18 business categories were classified into three clusters for both males and females. The following business categories were at significantly high risk of metabolic syndrome: among males, Construction, Transportation, Professional Services, and Cooperative Association; and among females, Health Care and Cooperative Association. The results of the cluster analysis indicated one cluster for each gender with a higher prevalence of metabolic syndrome components; among males, a cluster consisting of Manufacturing, Transportation, Finance, and Cooperative Association, and among females, a cluster consisting of Mining, Transportation, Finance, Accommodation, and Cooperative Association. These findings reveal that, when providing health guidance and support regarding metabolic syndrome, consideration must be given to its components and the variety of its prevalence rates by business category and gender.