Prevalence Of Intestinal Infections Research Articles

Prevalence of Intestinal Infections with Entamoeba histolytica Among Patients of Makkah Hospitals, Saudi Arabia: A 5-Year Retrospective Study

Prevalence of Intestinal Infections with Entamoeba histolytica Among Patients of Makkah Hospitals, Saudi Arabia: A 5-Year Retrospective Study

Prevalence of intestinal parasitic infections in HIV-positive and negative groups in some selected semi-urban areas in Nasarawa state, Nigeria

Objectives: The objective of the study is to determine the occurrence of intestinal parasites among human immunodeficiency virus (HIV)-positive and negative groups. Materials and Methods: A case–control study was conducted in four semi-urban areas in Nasarawa State. The study enrolled 422 participants. Stool samples were collected and examined for the presence of intestinal parasites. Blood sample was collected to investigate for HIV infection. Results: The overall prevalence of intestinal infections among HIV-positive individuals was 37.7% (78/207). For geohelminth infections, HIV-positive individuals were more commonly infected by hookworm at a rate of 9.7% (20/207). For Protozoa infections, HIV-positive groups were identified more with Giardia lamblia, at a rate of 8.2% (17/207). The binary logistic regression showed that factors significantly associated with parasite infections among HIV-positive individuals included being under 43 years of age (odds ratio [OR] = 2.192, confidence interval [CI]: 0.082, 3.736) and subjects with diarrhea (OR = 1.521, CI: 0.112, 2.891) for geohelminth parasite. While in the case of Protozoa infections, parasitic infections are higher among study subjects with diarrhea (OR = 1.767, CI: 0.111, 3.009). Conclusion: HIV-positive individuals are more susceptible to coinfections with hookworm (geohelminth) and G. lamblia (Protozoa), which are more prevalent among those with poor personal hygiene habits. This indicates a need for an integrated approach to hygiene promotion, surveillance, and treatment.

Retrospective analysis of Clostridioides difficile and other intestinal infections in patients with Crohn\u2019s disease and ulcerative colitis in the tertiary hospital in Poland. POLIBD survey results

BackgroundThere are several studies which evaluated the number of infections caused by enteric pathogens, including Clostridioides difficile in patients with inflammatory bowel disease (IBD). Our aim was to assess the prevalence of intestinal infections among patients suffering from IBD, when admitted to the hospital due to exacerbation of the disease.ResultsThe performed, retrospective analysis covered test results for C. difficile toxins A and B along with rectal swab cultures sampled from patients, treated in a tertiary IBD center in Poland, between 2017 and 2019. Main objective was to estimate the presence of any infection, which could imitate or co-exist along with the exacerbation of the IBD. All in all 1471 patients had microbiological tests performed, including 1112 tested for C. difficile toxins A and B; and 359 patients who had rectal swab culture. Positive test results for C. difficile toxins A and B were reported in 358 cases, positive results from rectal swab culture were confirmed altogether in case of 25 samples. As far as patients with IBD are concerned, positive results for C. difficile toxins A and B were detected in 82 cases, positive results in rectal swab culture from patients with IBD were reported in 20 cases.ConclusionIntestinal infections were reported in 14.9% of patients (102/685) with IBD symptoms. Positive test results for C. difficile toxins A and B and rectal swab cultures among patients without IBD symptoms were reported in 35.7% of cases (281/786). Intestinal superinfections may complicate the clinical picture of IBD patients, increasing the diagnostic and therapeutic burden. Appropriate early procedures are thus needed in these patients.

СОВРЕМЕННАЯ ЭПИДЕМИОЛОГИЧЕСКАЯ СИТУАЦИЯ ПО ПАРАЗИТАРНЫМ ЗАБОЛЕВАНИЯМ В КЫРГЫЗСКОЙ РЕСПУБЛИКЕ

The analysis of the epidemiological situation on parasitic diseases for 2008-2019 showed an upward trend. The prevalence of intestinal infections is one of the most important indicators of social and sanitary wellbeing. According to the age category, children of preschool and school age are more susceptible to invasion. According to the gender distribution, there is a relatively high prevalence in women. During the analyzed period, the parasitic structure throughout the republic among the examined individuals was formed from eleven nosological forms that are more common in the country: enterobiosis, giardiasis, ascariasis, hymenolepidosis, teniarynchosis, teniosis, echinococcosis, alveococcosis, dicrocelesis, fasciolosis, trichocephalosis. During the analyzed period in the Kyrgyz Republic (KR), the average long-term incidence of parasitoses per 1000 examined persons was 34.5, the minimum - 32.6 (2008) and the maximum-38.4 (2012). Key words: invasion, mixed invasion, enterobiasis, ascariasis, echinococcosis, giardiasis, lesion, longterm indicator.

THE SPECTRA OF INTESTINAL PARASITIC INFECTIONS AFFECTING PATIENTS ATTENDING A TERTIARY CARE CENTER IN WESTERN UTTAR PRADESH

Objective: Intestinal parasitic infection is a burgeoning health issue, especially in developing countries owing to low socioeconomic conditions, poor sanitation, poor personal hygiene, and lack of access to potable drinking water. This study aims to determine the prevalence of different intestinal parasites among the patients.
 Methods: This cross-sectional study was conducted among 470 patients attending our hospital from October 2018 to September 2019. Specimens were collected and examined macroscopically and microscopically using concentration methods and modified Ziehl–Neelsen staining for coccidian parasites.
 Results: Out of the 470 patients, prevalence of intestinal infections was 4.89%. The helminthic infections were more common (52.17%), which was topped by Hookworm infection (26.09%) followed by Ascariasis (13.04%). Among the protozoa, Giardia lamblia (26.09%) was the most common, followed by Entamoeba histolytica (17.39%). The parasitic infections were more in female (5.62%) than male (4.19%) and highest in the pediatric age group and between 51 and 60 years.
 Conclusion: The prevalence of intestinal parasitic infections is decreasing due to increasing awareness about sanitation, effects of open defecation, safe drinking water, and personal hygiene. However, the need of intervallic monitoring of intestinal parasitic infections is necessary.

Prevalence of intestinal infections caused by diarrheagenic Escherichia coli in Bedouin infants and young children in Southern Israel.

To evaluate the prevalence of different Escherichia coli categories in symptomatic and asymptomatic infants and children residing in a Bedouin township in Southern Israel. A total of 1613 stool samples were collected from a cohort of 234 infants and young children followed from birth up to 2 years of age. E. coli colonies from stool cultures from children during a diarrhea episode and those from nondiarrhea stools were hybridized with DNA probes specific for enteropathogenic, enteroinvasive, enterotoxigenic (ETEC), enteroaggregative, diffuse adherent and enterohemorrhagic strains. There were 1469 of 1613 (91%) samples positive for E. coli. The prevalence of E. coli categories was: enteroaggregative (25.9%); diffuse adherent (21.8%), ETEC (12.9%); enteropathogenic (7.3%); enterohemorrhagic (0.5%); and enteroinvasive (0.2%). ETEC, expressing the heat-stable enterotoxin (ST), was the only category isolated significantly more often from cases than from controls (P = 0.005). Of the two heat-stable enterotoxins screened in this study, only ETEC-heat stable enterotoxin (STh), the form isolated from human pathogenic ETEC, could be associated with diarrhea, whereas ETEC-STp, produced by ETEC of porcine origin, was not related to diarrhea. ETEC infections peaked during the warm, dry season. Prolonged shedding of E. coli postdiarrhea was not found in this population. The present cohort study confirmed that in this semiurban area, highly endemic for diarrheal disease, ETEC is an important cause of diarrhea in children.

Epidemiological study of Taenia solium infections in a rural village in Honduras.

An epidemiological study was conducted in a Honduran rural community in 1991, to determine the local prevalence and associated risk factors of Taenia infection. The seroprevalence of anti-cysticercus antibodies, investigated by ELISA (N = 526), was found to be 30%. The prevalence of intestinal infections with Taenia and other parasites was investigated, by formol-ether concentration of three stool samples from each subject (N = 536). Almost all (96%) of the subjects carried at least one of the 17 species of intestinal parasite identified, 11 (2%) of them (nine of them female) being found to be infected with Taenia spp. When nine of these 11 were given niclosamide, four expelled Taenia segments, all of which were identified as T. solium after carmine staining. Risk factors associated with seropositivity were earthen floor, overcrowding, previous taeniasis and living in the same household as a person reporting previous taeniasis. Four years later (1995), a follow-up study in a sub-sample of the previously studied population revealed that 34% of the subjects were seropositive for anti-Taenia solium antibodies (as determined by a cysticercosis-specific, enzyme-linked, immunoelectrotransfer, blot assay) and that 1.5% had taeniasis. Taeniasis and cysticercosis therefore appear to be important public-health problems in rural areas of Honduras, as they are in other countries of Latin America. Large-scale studies need to be conducted to facilitate the design of programmes to control these diseases.

The effect of unheated human milk on the intestinal flora of preterm infants

There is a significant difference in the prevalence of intestinal infections between breast and bottle fed infants. Human milk may also have a protective function against neonatal septicaemia/meningitis and necrotizing enterocolitis, both conditions in which enteric organisms may be of importance in pathogenesis. These effects have been ascribed to antimicrobial factors in the milk, many of which are destroyed by heat, though pasteurization is less damaging than boiling. The effects of feeding fresh (sometimes frozen, never heated) human milk, pasteurized human milk and a modified dried cow's milk on the intestinal flora of immature, often very ill, infants in a neonatal intensive care unit has been studied. Twenty babies were investigated with median gestational age 32 weeks (range 28-37) and birth weight 1430 g (range 760-1920). Fourteen of the 20 had one or more antibiotic courses during the study period of 5 weeks. Unlike healthy term infants, the flora did not become stabilized for several weeks after birth. The numbers of infants colonized with E.coli, Klebsiella or Enterobacter did not differ in those fed fresh human milk or a modified dried cow's milk. The only obvious effects of human milk (fresh or pasteurized) were that the number of infants colonized with Str.faecalis and clostridia were reduced, and bifidobacteria were somewhat more common. The reduction in numbers of enterobacteria was considerably less than that expected in healthy mature breast fed babies.

Diarrheal disease studies in Costa Rica. IV. The influence of sanitation upon the prevalence of intestinal infection and diarrheal disease.

Diarrheal disease studies in Costa Rica. IV. The influence of sanitation upon the prevalence of intestinal infection and diarrheal disease.