Prevalence Of Insomnia Research Articles

How Shift Nurses' Presenteeism is Related to Insomnia and Care Left Undone: A Cross-Sectional Study Using Generalised Structural Equation Modelling.

To examine the association between nurses' insomnia, presenteeism and care left undone and explore the mediating effect of presenteeism on the relationship between insomnia and care left undone among nurses in acute care hospitals, applying a dynamic model of presenteeism and absenteeism. A cross-sectional design. A secondary data analysis was conducted using online survey data collected in January 2023. Participants were 1154 registered nurses who provided direct nursing care to patients in tertiary or general hospitals (hospitals with 300 or more beds) in South Korea. Poisson regression analysis was used to examine the association between nurses' insomnia, presenteeism and care left undone. Generalised structural equation modelling was performed to examine the mediating effect of presenteeism on the relationship between insomnia and care left undone. The prevalence of insomnia was 15.3%. More than half of the participants (63.7%) reported experiencing presenteeism in the past 4 weeks. All reported at least one nursing care left undone during their last shift. Insomnia and presenteeism were positively associated with care left undone, and presenteeism mediated the relationship between insomnia and care left undone among nurses in acute care hospitals. Nurses experienced insomnia and presenteeism, related to higher rates of care left undone. Nurses' insomnia had a direct effect on care left undone and an indirect effect through presenteeism. Nurse managers and administrators need to make greater efforts to reduce insomnia and presenteeism among nurses, thereby reducing care left undone and improving patient safety in acute care settings. Nurse managers and administrators should consider proactive interventions to address nurses' insomnia and foster a workplace with healthy systems and culture to reduce sleep disturbance and presenteeism, which can effectively decrease care left undone. STROBE guidelines. No patient or public contribution.

Voice-Activated Cognitive Behavioral Therapy for Insomnia

Insomnia symptoms affect an estimated 30% to 50% of the 4 million US breast cancer survivors. Previous studies have shown the effectiveness of cognitive behavioral therapy for insomnia (CBT-I), but high insomnia prevalence suggests continued opportunities for delivery via new modalities. To determine the efficacy of a CBT-I-informed, voice-activated, internet-delivered program for improving insomnia symptoms among breast cancer survivors. In this randomized clinical trial, breast cancer survivors with insomnia (Insomnia Severity Index [ISI] score >7) were recruited from advocacy and survivorship groups and an oncology clinic. Eligible patients were females aged 18 years or older who had completed curative treatment more than 3 months before enrollment and had not undergone other behavioral sleep treatments in the prior year. Individuals were assessed for eligibility and randomized between March 2022 and October 2023, with data collection completed by December 2023. Participants were randomized 1:1 to a smart speaker with a voice-interactive CBT-I program or educational control for 6 weeks. Linear mixed models and Cohen d estimates were used to evaluate the primary outcome of changes in ISI scores and secondary outcomes of sleep quality, wake after sleep onset, sleep onset latency, total sleep time, and sleep efficiency. Of 76 women enrolled (38 each in the intervention and control groups), 70 (92.1%) completed the study. Mean (SD) age was 61.2 (9.3) years; 49 (64.5%) were married or partnered, and participants were a mean (SD) of 9.6 (6.8) years from diagnosis. From baseline to follow-up, ISI scores changed by a mean (SD) of -8.4 (4.7) points in the intervention group compared with -2.6 (3.5) in the control group (P < .001) (Cohen d, 1.41; 95% CI, 0.87-1.94). Sleep diary data showed statistically significant improvements in the intervention group compared with the control group for sleep quality (0.56; 95% CI, 0.39-0.74), wake after sleep onset (9.54 minutes; 95% CI, 1.93-17.10 minutes), sleep onset latency (8.32 minutes; 95% CI, 1.91-14.70 minutes), and sleep efficiency (-0.04%; 95% CI, -0.07% to -0.01%) but not for total sleep time (0.01 hours; 95% CI, -0.27 to 0.29 hours). This randomized clinical trial of an in-home, voice-activated CBT-I program among breast cancer survivors found that the intervention improved insomnia symptoms. Future studies may explore how this program can be taken to scale and integrated into ambulatory care. ClinicalTrials.gov Identifier: NCT05233800.

Insomnia moderates the association between positive symptoms and suicidal ideation: A large-scale cross-sectional study in Chinese patients with chronic schizophrenia

ObjectiveBoth insomnia and positive symptoms are linked to suicidal ideation (SI) in schizophrenia, yet their interaction remains unexplored. This study aims to investigate whether insomnia moderates the relationship between positive symptoms and SI in a large sample of Chinese patients with chronic schizophrenia. MethodWe recruited 1407 patients and assessed them using the Positive and Negative Syndrome Scale (PANSS), Insomnia Severity Index (ISI), and Beck Scale for Suicide Ideation (BSSI). We also collected demographic information and lifetime history of suicide attempts (SA). Positive symptoms were evaluated using the PANSS positive factor. Multivariate logistic regression and moderation analysis were performed. ResultsThe prevalence of insomnia and SI was 13.5 % and 9.7 %, respectively. ISI scores (adjusted odds ratio [AOR]: 1.06; 95 % confidence interval [CI]: 1.01–1.10, p = 0.011), PANSS positive factor (AOR: 1.05; 95 % CI: 1.01–1.09, p = 0.008), PANSS mood factor (AOR: 1.16; 95 % CI: 1.10–1.22, p < 0.001), and lifetime SA (AOR: 4.35; 95 % CI: 2.86–6.61, p < 0.001) were independently associated with SI. Moderation analysis revealed that insomnia amplified the association between positive symptoms and SI. Specifically, higher levels of insomnia significantly strengthened this relationship (b = 0.086, 95 % CI = 0.048–0.124, p < 0.001), while the association was negligible in patients with low levels of insomnia (b = −0.003, 95 % CI = -0.042–0.036, p = 0.870). ConclusionBoth insomnia and positive symptoms were independently related to SI in schizophrenia, with insomnia moderating the relationship between positive symptoms and SI. Further studies are needed to test whether interventions against insomnia and positive symptoms would be effective at reducing SI in this population.

Multidimensional program for insomnia in a cohort of people with HIV

Objective: Sleep disorders (SD) are prevalent in people with HIV (PWH), but poorly addressed in HIV care. We evaluated the effectiveness of a multidimensional program for SD in an outpatient HIV clinic. Methods: Interventional study in 175 PWH on ART suffering from insomnia. Insomnia severity index (ISI), sleep quality, mood disorders, and well being were assessed at baseline and at month 6 after counseling for sleep hygiene and referral to tailored pharmacological and/or neuropsychological interventions. Participants were classified as fully, partial, and nonadherent (FA–PA–NA) to the interventions. Mixed-effects models and longitudinal paired tests evaluated the impact of adherence to interventions on SD overtime. Results: Participants (male 65.7%, median age 51 years, 95.4% with viral suppression) were referred to psychologist (94.8%), psychiatrist (9.1%), and neurologist (2.8%), and 30.3% and 20.5% had indication to hypo-inducing drugs and psychotherapy/cognitive-behavioral therapy. Seventy-seven participants (44.0%) were NA, 9.1% PA, and 46.8% FA. ISI improved in all, but the strongest effect size was seen in FA (D = 0.89, P &lt; 0.001). Perceived wellness improved only in FA, and hours slept per night increased in all but more relevantly in FA and PA (both P &lt; 0.001). In adjusted models, adherence to the interventions ISI decreased (improve) overtime only in FA (aβ = −1.24, P = 0.005 vs. NA; aβ = −0.71, P = 0.349 for PA vs. NA). Conclusions: The introduction of multidimensional programs for SD can reduce the prevalence and severity of insomnia and improve sleep quality and wellness in PWH. Such approach should be integrated into daily multidisciplinary clinical practice for HIV care.

The Prevalence and Correlates of Anxiety, Stress, Mood Disorders, and Sleep Disturbances in Poland after the Outbreak of the Russian-Ukrainian War 2022.

The conflict of the Russian-Ukrainian War that began on 24 February 2022 has profoundly changed Europe. The primary objective of this study was to assess the prevalence of anxiety, stress, depression, and insomnia among a group of surveyed Poles in the first months after the outbreak of war in 2022. The secondary goal was to analyze potential risk factors for these mental disorders. A cross-sectional survey-based study was conducted. An anonymous questionnaire was created using Google Forms and distributed through social media from March 2022 to June 2022. The questionnaire included the Depression, Anxiety and Stress Scale (DASS-21) and an evaluation of the Insomnia Severity Index (ISI). Overall, 11.26% of 311 participants had depression, 10.29% had anxiety, and 24.12% experienced stress. Further, 62.05% of them declared sleep disturbances, and about 60% of them reported experiencing fears associated with the war. The outcomes of the assessment of psychiatric symptoms (depression, anxiety, stress and sleep disturbance) were associated with following factors: self-reported health status, fear of Russian invasion of Ukraine, and fear of the war extending to Poland. When the results for psychiatric symptoms were categorized into two groups, severe and non-severe, logistic regression analysis was only feasible for the insomnia variable. For this variable, multivariate logistic regression identified key potential factors: age, stress, and fear of Russian invasion of Ukraine. The respondents were found to be highly concerned about the war. In total, almost half of them manifested symptoms of anxiety, depression, and/or stress. Slightly less than two-thirds had sleep disorders. This study confirms that in a crisis situation, mental health screening is necessary.

Prevalence and characterization of sleep quality and insomnia in security guards working on the day and night shift in Delhi-NCR.

In today's modern world, shift working has become an important part of society and industrial work; prolonged wakefulness is a widespread phenomenon due to which the sleep patterns of individuals are getting disturbed, and many sleep disorders are arising. This study compared the sleep quality and insomnia of the security guards working the day and night shifts. This observational study comprised 100 security guards from Delhi and the NCR region. Self-administered questionnaires, i.e., the Pittsburgh sleep quality index (PSQI) and the Athens Insomnia Scale (AIS), were used to assess sleep quality and insomnia. Fifty questionnaires were filled out by the day shift security guards, and the night shift security guards filled out 50. The data underwent analysis, and a comparison was conducted between security workers on night and day shifts using a Mann-Whitney U test, with a significance level set at p < 0.05. The result revealed a significant difference (95% CI; p < 0.05) for the variables, sleep quality and insomnia when compared between night and day shift working security guards. Among night shift workers, 74% reported issues with sleep quality and 48% experienced insomnia. In comparison, among day shift workers, 58% reported concerns about sleep quality, while 32% reported experiencing insomnia. The study concluded that night-shift working security guards had poorer sleep quality and a higher prevalence of insomnia compared to their day-shift counterparts. These differences are highly significant, highlighting the potential adverse effects of night shift work on sleep health, urging the need for interventions to improve sleep quality and manage insomnia among night shift workers.

The risk of insomnia by work schedule instability in Korean firefighters.

Firefighters are exposed to shift work, as well as unpredictable emergency calls and traumatic events, which can lead to sleep problems. This study aimed to investigate the risk of insomnia by work schedule instability in Korean firefighters. This study used the Insomnia Severity Index to assess the insomnia in firefighters. The work schedule stability was classified with the frequency of the substitute work and the timing of notification for work schedule changes. Logistic regression analysis was used to assess the adjusted odds ratio of insomnia by work schedule stability with covariates including sex, age, education, smoking, alcohol, caffeine intake, shift type, job, and underlying conditions. Of the 8,587 individuals, 751 (8.75%) had moderate to severe insomnia (Insomnia Severity Index ≥ 15). The prevalence of insomnia was statistically significantly higher as the frequency of substitute work increased: <1 time per month (6.8%), 1-2 times (9.5%), 3-5 times (13.4%), and more than 5 times (15.7%) (p < 0.001). Additionally, the prevalence of insomnia was statistically significantly higher when the timing of the schedule change notification was urgent or irregular: no change or several weeks before (5.4%), several days before (7.9%), one day before or on the day (11.2%), irregularly notification (11.6%) (p < 0.001). In comparison to the group with good frequency of the substitute work/good timing of schedule change notification group, the adjusted odds ratios of insomnia were 1.480 (95% confidence interval [CI]: 1.237-1.771) for Good/Bad group, 1.862 (95% CI: 1.340-2.588) for Bad/Good group, and 1.885 (95% CI: 1.366-2.602) for Bad/Bad group. Work schedule instability was important risk factor of insomnia in firefighters. It suggests that improving the stability of work schedules could be a key strategy for reducing sleep problems in this occupational group.

Insomnia in teachers at the time of resumption of in-person instruction at schools amidst the COVID-19 pandemic: A cross-sectional study.

The coronavirus (COVID-19) pandemic has affected people's economies, lifestyles, and physical, emotional, and sleep health. This research aimed to estimate the prevalence of insomnia and symptoms of stress, anxiety, and depression among teachers with the resumption of in-person instruction at schools following a hiatus after COVID-19 lockdowns in India. We also studied the association of teachers' insomnia with psychological symptoms and demographic variables. We conducted a cross-sectional survey between October -November 2021 after schools had reopened during the COVID-19 pandemic. Data was collected using standard questionnaires online among schoolteachers. We explored the association of insomnia with teachers' symptoms of stress, anxiety, depression, sex, school boards, and age groups. Of 124 schoolteachers surveyed, the prevalence of insomnia was 37.9% (subthreshold in 25% and clinical in 12.9%). The prevalence of stress, depression, and anxiety was 20.2%, 30.6%, and 45.2%, respectively. There was a significant association (p<0.001) of insomnia with symptoms of anxiety, stress, and depression in univariate analysis. On multivariate analysis, we found that those feeling stressed had a 6.4 times higher risk of insomnia (95% CI: 1.5-28.3, p - 0.01). There was no association of insomnia with age, sex, school educational boards, and type of institution. Over one-third (37.9%) of teachers reported having trouble sleeping when they returned to the school's typical face-to-face instruction modalities through COVID-19 times, and insomnia was more prevalent in those with stress.

Comparative insomnia prevalence between geriatrics lived in urban and rural areas: a multicenter nationwide study analysis

AimsInsomnia is a common complaint among older adults. However, the comparative prevalence between older adults living in urban versus rural areas remains under-researched. This study aims to validate the overall prevalence of insomnia among older adults in Indonesia and investigate the comparative prevalence between older adults living in urban and rural areas.MethodsThe data were derived from the 2018 Indonesian Basic Health Research Study. We included a total of 93,830 older participants aged > 60 years old who completed the insomnia questions. The prevalence and regression models were analyzed using the SPSS software.ResultsThe insomnia group has a higher age compared to the non-insomnia group (P < 0.05). Insomnia is more prevalent in females compared to males (P < 0.05). When classified by age groups (60–64, 65–69, 70–74, and > 75 years old), the prevalence of insomnia was 20%, 21%, 23%, and 24%, respectively. The prevalence of insomnia among older individuals living in rural areas was higher compared to those living in urban areas. In addition, increasing age, being female, unemployed, having comorbidities, being less active, and drinking alcohol are associated with insomnia symptoms.ConclusionThe findings of this study indicated that the prevalence of insomnia is high among older adults in Indonesia, with older adults living in rural areas exhibiting a higher prevalence compared to those living in urban areas. Our findings strengthen the importance of sleep management in clinical or community settings.

Demographic Differences in Insomnia and Anxiety and the Association with Cardiovascular Risk Factors among Jordanian Healthy Adult.

Prior studies showed that anxiety and insomnia are both associated with Cardiovascular Disease (CVD). There is a lack of literature related to the prevalence of insomnia and anxiety among healthy adult populations in developing countries as in Jordan, Therefore, this study aimed to examine the association between the CVD risk factors and both insomnia and anxiety among healthy adults had one or more modifiable CVD risk factors. A cross-sectional method was used to examine the prevalence of anxiety, insomnia, and demographical and clinical association with anxiety and insomnia among 1000 Jordanian adult participants using the Hamilton Anxiety Rating Scale and the insomnia severity index. Pearson's correlation was used to examine the correlation between anxiety and insomnia scores. Linear regression was used to examine predictors to anxiety and insomnia based on demographical and clinical details. The result of the current study showed that (30.20%) of participants had higher anxiety scores, (29.70%) had moderate to severe insomnia. Moreover, there was a significant positive correlation between anxiety and insomnia scores, p = 0.01. Based on the current study findings only marital status and anxiety were unique predictors of insomnia F(14,45) = 989, p = 0.001. Moreover, Predictors of anxiety were gender, hypertension, Diabetes mellitus, dyslipidemia, and insomnia F(19,89) = 989, p = 0.001. Sleep and psychological well-being are important components of an adult's health and well-being. The study showed that marital status and anxiety are predictors of insomnia. Whereas, gender, hypertension, diabetes mellitus, dyslipidemia, and insomnia were predictors of anxiety. This study highlights the importance of the implementation of a primary prevention strategy for individuals with modifiable CVD risk factors to reduce anxiety and insomnia levels among adults.

A study on prevalence of insomnia among middle aged women attending a tertiary care hospital, West Bengal

Background: Insomnia is one of the common but neglected conditions seen in family practice. During the menopausal transition, significant sleep disruptions are provoked by sleep disorders. Insomnia is estimated to affect up to 30% of the general population and women are almost twice as likely as men to develop it. Objective was to find the prevalence of insomnia among middle-aged women. Methods: This descriptive, cross-sectional study was done for 3 months at general OPDS and IPDs of a tertiary care hospital among 40-60-year-old women fulfilling inclusion criteria. The sampling technique was convenience sampling. Data were analyzed using Microsoft Office Excel and analyze by SPSS version 25. Results: Of 310 participants, 45% had insomnia based on AIS-8. The maximum number of study participants fall under the age group of 40-45 years (33.23%) and under the socio-economic group lower-middle class (25.81%) according to the modified B. G. Prasad scale. Conclusions: The study concludes a significant occurrence of insomnia in middle-aged women in addition to menopausal symptoms. Implementation of appropriate health educational programs for preventing insomnia in such women is necessary.

Prevalence and related risk factors for depression, anxiety and insomnia in pregnant Chinese women

ABSTRACT Objective This study aims to investigate the prevalence of depression, anxiety and insomnia in pregnant Chinese women, and to explore the related risk factors across multiple fields. Method The participants were 2120 women (M age = 30.24 years, range = 19–47) from 12 provinces in China. Bivariate correlation and logistic regression analyses were used to explore the risk factors. Chi-square tests and t tests were used to examine whether there were significant differences in mental health status between pregnant women in different periods of gestation. Results The overall prevalence rates of depression, anxiety and insomnia among pregnant Chinese women were 10.0%, 3.8% and 3.3%, respectively. Risk factors for the mental health of pregnant women were identified across demographic, maternal, physiological, and psychological domains. Among these, severe mobility restrictions and fear of childbirth were found to be the strongest predictors. Conclusions The prevalence of depression, anxiety and insomnia among pregnant women is low. Pregnant women with a seriously impaired ability to move and fear of childbirth are more likely to experience mental health problems.

Chronotype Differences and Symptom Network Dynamics of Post-Pandemic Sleep in Adolescents and Young Adults.

Background: Social restrictions during the COVID-19 pandemic resulted in altered sleep patterns and mental health challenges, particularly among adolescents and young adults. Our objective was to examine the potential difference in insomnia prevalence and sleep patterns in this population between the first COVID-19 lockdown and the post-lockdown period, with a focus on chronotype. Additionally, we explored the network of sleep-related differences between these two periods. Methods: A total of 946 respondents participated in our online questionnaire. We performed mixed ANOVA, Ising network and Directed Acyclic Graph (DAG) analyses. Results: Respondents reported going to bed earlier, waking up earlier, sleeping less, and feeling less mentally tired than during the lockdown. The severity of insomnia symptoms did not change. The lethargic chronotype reported more insomnia symptoms, depressive feelings, and agitation than others. Mental fatigue was the central symptom in the Ising network and served as the parent node in the DAG. Conclusions: Post-lockdown, adolescents and young adults have shifted to earlier sleep and wake times with reduced overall sleep, and they experience fewer depressive feelings and less agitation, though insomnia symptoms remain unchanged. Participants who reported increased irritability or poorer sleep quality during confinement also reported similar or diminished attentional capacities compared to their usual levels.

Sleep disturbance, suicidal ideation and psychosis-risk symptoms in individuals at clinical high risk for psychosis

Insomnia and suicidal ideation (SI) are common in schizophrenia, including in individuals at clinical high-risk for psychosis (CHR-P). Previous studies have found associations between sleep disturbance, SI, and psychopathology in schizophrenia. We explored these associations in a CHR-P cohort. We leveraged data from CHR-P individuals in the North American Prodrome Longitudinal Studies (NAPLS-3) (n = 688) cohort. We investigated relationships between sleep disturbance (Scale of Prodromal Symptoms [SOPS]; Calgary Depression Scale for Schizophrenia [CDSS], and the Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Index [PSQI]), suicidal ideation (CDSS), and psychosis-risk symptoms. The prevalence of terminal insomnia, sleep disturbance, and SI in NAPLS3 was 25 %, 69 %, and 29 %, respectively. After controlling for potential confounders, multiple indices of sleep disturbance (SOPS, PSQI: OR = 1.05–1.40) were significant indicators of concurrent SI. Terminal insomnia was not associated with conversion to psychosis. Multiple indices of sleep problems were associated with higher total and subscale psychosis-risk symptom scores (β = 0.09–0.39). Sleep problems are prevalent and associated with SI and more severe psychosis-risk symptoms in CHR-P individuals. These findings underscore the importance of designing longitudinal intervention studies to investigate whether the treatment of sleep disturbances may reduce suicidality and symptoms in this population.

Investigation of screening questions to identify insomnia in cancer patients

The high prevalence of insomnia in cancer patients leads to a significant reduction in the quality of life of those affected. A detailed record of symptoms therefore plays an essential role for further course of treatment. Which screening instruments enable identification of cancer patients with insomnia is the subject of this single-arm nonrandomized study. During the data collection period, cancer patients meeting the following criteria: self-reported tiredness and/or trouble falling or staying asleep or sleeping too much in an electronic patient-reported outcome measurement were enrolled. For further analysis, focus was placed on the Patient Health Questionnaire Depression Scale (PHQ-8), the Minimal Documentation System (MIDOS2) and the Insomnia Severity Index (ISI). Frequency, correlation, and variance analyses were conducted to identify likely predictors of insomnia. Our findings indicate a closer correlation between the screening question pertaining to sleep disorders and the ISI, compared to the question on tiredness and the ISI. The initial recording of sleep-related parameters plays an essential role for cancer patients in order to identify and treat modifiable factors as promptly as possible. For an initial assessment, we recommend asking about trouble falling or staying asleep or sleeping too much.

Identification of the risk factors for insomnia in nurses with long COVID-19

PurposeTo investigate the prevalence of insomnia among nurses with long COVID-19, analyze the potential risk factors and establish a nomogram model.MethodsNurses in Ningbo, China, were recruited for this study. General demographic information and insomnia, burnout, and stress assessment scores were collected through a face-to face questionnaire survey administered at a single center from March to May 2023. We used LASSO regression to identify potential factors contributing to insomnia. Then, a nomogram was plotted based on the model chosen to visualize the results and evaluated by receiver operating characteristic curves and calibration curves.ResultsA total of 437 nurses were recruited. 54% of the nurses had insomnia according to the Insomnia Severity Index (ISI) score. Eleven variables, including family structure, years of work experience, relaxation time, respiratory system sequelae, nervous system sequelae, others sequelae, attitudes toward COVID-19, sleep duration before infection, previous sleep problems, stress, and job burnout, were independently associated with insomnia. The R-squared value was 0.464, and the area under the curve was 0.866. The derived nomogram showed that neurological sequelae, stress, job burnout, sleep duration before infection, and previous sleep problems contributed the most to insomnia. The calibration curves showed significant agreement between the nomogram models and actual observations.ConclusionThis study focused on insomnia among nurses with long COVID-19 and identified eleven risk factors related to nurses’ insomnia. A nomogram model was established to illustrate and visualize these factors, which will be instrumental in future research for identifying nurses with insomnia amid pandemic normalization and may increase awareness of the health status of healthcare workers with long COVID-19.

Prevalence and Associated Risk Factors of Insomnia Among Adults in Riyadh, Saudi Arabia.

Background Insomnia is a common sleep disorder with significant effects on physical and mental health. This study aimed to document the prevalence of insomnia and its associated risk factors among adults in Riyadh, Saudi Arabia. Materials and methods A cross-sectional study was conducted in Riyadh using the Sleep Condition Indicator Questionnaire (SCIQ). Data were collected from 548 participants. The inclusion criteria encompassed adults aged 18 and above living in Riyadh, Saudi Arabia. Information on sociodemographic characteristics, medical history, and sleep patterns was gathered through a translated eight-itemSCIQ (score ≤16=insomnia). Statistical analysis involved descriptive and inferential statistics using IBM SPSS Statistics for Windows, Version 27.0 (Released 2020; IBM Corp., Armonk, New York, United States). Results The findings revealed a significant prevalence of insomnia, affecting 219 individuals (40%). Insomnia was significantly associated with the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders, Fifth Edition (DSM-5) criteria, including difficulty initiating or maintaining sleep, frequency of sleep disturbances, significant distress, and duration of sleep disturbances (p<0.001 for each). The highest prevalence of insomnia was observed in the 40-60-year age group (n=91, 45.7%, p=0.014), among smokers (n=27, 60%, p=0.0063), and among obese individuals (n=20, 54.1%, p=0.035). Additionally, insomnia was strongly associated with anxiety (n=49, 66.2%, p<0.001), depression (n=27, 54%, p=0.033), and hypertension (n=24, 58.5%, p=0.011). Conclusion This study highlighted the high prevalence of insomnia among adults in Riyadh, particularly among older adults, smokers, and those with chronic health conditions. These findings underscore the need for targeted interventions to address insomnia and its associated risk factors. Future research should focus on longitudinal studies to establish causal relationships and explore the impacts of lifestyle and genetic factors on insomnia.

Exploring Sleep Duration and Insomnia Among Prospective University Students: A Study with Geographical Data and Machine Learning Techniques.

Sleep disruptions among prospective university students are increasingly recognized for their potential ramifications on academic achievement and psychological well-being. But, information regarding sleep issues among students preparing for university entrance exams is unknown. Thus, this study aimed to investigate the prevalence and factors associated with sleep duration and insomnia among university entrance test-takers in Bangladesh, utilizing both traditional statistical analyses and advanced geographic information system and machine learning techniques for enhanced predictive capability. A cross-sectional study was conducted in June 2023 among 1496 entrance test-takers at Jahangirnagar University, Dhaka. Structured questionnaires collected data on demographics, academic information, and mental health assessments. Statistical analyses, including chi-square tests and logistic regression, were performed using SPSS, while machine learning models were applied using Python and Google Colab. Approximately 62.9% of participants reported abnormal sleep duration (<7 hours/night or >9 hours/night), with 25.5% experiencing insomnia. Females and those dissatisfied with mock tests were more likely to report abnormal sleep duration, while repeat test-takers, those with unsatisfactory mock test results, or anxiety symptoms had a higher risk of insomnia. Machine learning identified satisfaction with previous mock tests as the most significant predictor of sleep disturbances, while higher secondary school certificate GPA had the least influence. The CatBoost model achieved maximum accuracy rates of 61.27% and 73.46%, respectively, for predicting sleep duration and insomnia, with low log loss values indicating robust predictive performance. Geographic analysis revealed regional variations in sleep disturbances, with higher insomnia prevalence in some southern districts and abnormal sleep duration in northern and eastern districts. Sleep disturbances are prevalent among prospective university students and are associated with various factors including gender, test-taking status, mock test satisfaction, and anxiety. Targeted interventions, including sleep education and psychological support, hold promise in ameliorating sleep health and overall well-being among students, potentially enhancing entrance test performance.

Clinical and financial significance of insomnia within a large payor-provider health system.

Insomnia has profound negative effects on behavioral health, physical health, and functional domains. Leveraging claims data from one of the nation's largest payor-provider systems, the current study examined the real-world prevalence of insomnia, comorbidity of insomnia with behavioral health and other sleep disorders, and the impact of insomnia on total health care costs. Prevalence and costs associated with insomnia were assessed by examining claims data on approximately 3 million insured members during the year 2022. Using propensity score matching, total health care expenditures were calculated and compared for members with insomnia relative to matched cohorts without insomnia. Generalized linear modeling tested for differences between the cohorts. Nine percent of members were identified as having insomnia; 64% of those also had depression, anxiety, and/or substance use disorder. Median total health care costs among individuals with insomnia were 4-6 times greater than among those without insomnia. A disproportionate amount (21.1%) of total claims spend came from members with insomnia. Findings demonstrate a high degree of clinical need and behavioral health comorbidity associated with insomnia within a large insured cohort. Beyond the clinical significance, the current results demonstrate substantial financial need and opportunity for adequately treating insomnia. This is especially the case for the high proportion of members with insomnia and cooccurring depression, anxiety, and/or substance use disorders. Overall, the findings point to the important role payors and providers may have in promoting greater attention to sleep and insomnia.

Gender differences in patients with corona virus disease-2019 presenting with psychiatric disturbances: a multicentre study

BackgroundThe coronavirus disease known as COVID-19 (2019) pandemic may increase the likelihood of psychological symptoms that can reach the level of psychiatric disorders.AimWe aimed to study psychiatric morbidity in patients with COVID-19 concerning gender differences and disease severity in the acute phase of infection and after 6 months.MethodsThis is a multicenter follow-up study registered in ClinicalTrials.gov (NCT04459403). Patients were recruited consecutively from three quarantine hospitals in Egypt. Data were collected through a questionnaire built using Google Forms including the Arabic versions of General Health Questionnaire (GHQ-12), Beck Depression Inventory (BDI), and Taylor Manifest Anxiety Scale (TMAS). Depression, anxiety, and post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD) symptoms were assessed after 6 months.ResultsThe study questionnaire was offered to 400 patients and 199 patients agreed to fill it. BDI and TAMS were higher in mild than moderate and severe COVID-19 (14, 8, 8, P-value = 0.009, 17, 13.5, 14, P-value = 0.04, respectively). Females showed a higher prevalence of depression, anxiety, sleep problems, and insomnia due to anxiety than males. Education level, marital status, previous psychiatric illness, and severity of COVID-19 independently affected depression. Marital status, family history of psychiatric illness, and chronic medical illness independently affected anxiety. On 6-month follow-up, BDI significantly decreased in males but not females. TMAS showed no significant changes, but the severity of anxiety was still higher in females. PTSD was more frequent in females (26 (37.1%) versus 4 (9.5%), respectively, P-value = 0.02).ConclusionThe prevalence and severity of depression and anxiety were higher in females than male participants, suggesting that females are more affected by the COVID-19 pandemic.