Prevalence Of Hypertension In People Research Articles

Hypertension among persons with type 2 diabetes and its related demographic, socioeconomic and lifestyle factors in the Fasa cohort study

Hypertension is a very common comorbidity in type 2 diabetes patients, which leads to important health and treatment challenges. The present study was conducted with the aim of determining the prevalence of hypertension and its risk factors in type 2 diabetes patients. This study was conducted using cross-sectional data from 1245 participants aged between 35 and 70 years and diagnosed with type 2 diabetes at baseline in the Fasa cohort study. The prevalence hypertension was determined and multivariate logistic regression was used to estimate odds ratios (ORs) and 95% confidence intervals (CIs) for the association between various risk factors and hypertension prevalence. The average age of the participants was 53.5 ± 8.7 years and 71.7% (n = 893) were female and 28.3% (n = 352) were male. The prevalence of hypertension in people with type 2 diabetes was 45.5% (n = 566). Higher age (AOR, 95% CI: 8.1, 4.6–14.3), female gender (OR, 95% CI: 1.8, 1.2–2.5), Fars (AOR, 95% CI: 1.6, 1.1–2.4) and Turk (AOR, 95% CI: 1.6, 1.1–2.5) vs. other ethnicity, and overweight (AOR, 95% CI: 1.8, 1.38–2.38) and obesity (AOR, 95% CI: 2.7, 2.0–3.8) vs. BMI < 25 was associated with a higher prevalence of hypertension, while higher physical activity (AOR, 95% CI: 0.57, 0.42–0.78) was associated with lower prevalence of hypertension in the multivariable model. The prevalence of hypertension in persons with type 2 diabetes was high and increased with greater age, in some ethnic groups, and with higher BMI and low physical activity. Further prospective studies are needed to investigate these associations in this population.

Prevalence of Hypertension in People Aged 40 Years and Above

Prevalence of Hypertension in People Aged 40 Years and Above

Prevalence of Hypertension in Patients with Type-2 Diabetes Mellitus

Background: Hypertension contributes enormously to the global disease burden and mortality. The prevalence of hypertension among type 2 diabetes mellitus (DM) patients is higher than that of age- and sex-matched patients without diabetes, ranging from 32% to 82%. Diabetes mellitus is a global health issue, about 9% of adults have diabetes, and an estimated 1.5 million people die due to diabetes worldwide each year. Increasing age, trend of obesity and worsening renal function increasing the prevalence of hypertension in people with type-2 diabetes mellitus. Objective: To assess the prevalence of hypertension in patients with type-2 diabetes mellitus. Methods: This was a cross-sectional study which was conducted in the Department of Medicine, 250 Beded Mohammad Ali Hospital, Bogura, Bangladesh during the period from January to December 2023. In total 100 patients with type-2 diabetes mellitus attended to the mentioned hospital with proper documents were finalized as the study people. Besides data regarding type 2 diabetes mellitus, data of blood pressure and macro-vascular as well as micro-vascular complications were collected. A predesigned questioner was applied to collect patient data. All data were processed, analyzed and disseminated by MS Office and SPSS version 20. Results: In this study, a total of 100 type-2 diabetic patients (56 male, 44 female) were observed. The mean age of the patients was 53.86 years with Standard deviation (SD) of ±11.54 years. The mean duration of diabetes mellitus was 7.08 SD ± 5.95 years. In analyzing the duration of type 2 diabetes among participant we observed 46%, 25%, 18% and 11 % participants suffered from T2DM for 1-5, 6-10, 11-15 and &gt;15 years respectively. Finally, among total participants in analyzing the prevalence of hypertension we observed out of 100patients with T2DM only 32 were with hypertension which was 32%. On the other hand, in analyzing the stages of hypertension among total participants we found, 32% were with normal and pre-hypertension (in total 68%) respectively. On the other hand, among 32% hypertensive participants, 20% (n=20) were with stage I HTN whereas 12% (n=12) were with stage II HTN. Conclusion: In this study, the prevalence of hypertension among type 2 diabetes patients was found some higher than that in normal. But if we consider the number of pre-hypertensive patients as a potential concern, then it is alarming. The findings of this study may be helpful in the treatment arena of diabetes and in similar further studies.

Regional prevalence of hypertension among people diagnosed with diabetes in Africa, a systematic review and meta-analysis.

Hypertension and diabetes comorbidity can increase healthcare expenditure and the risk of coronary heart disease. We conducted a systematic review and meta-analysis to estimate the prevalence of hypertension among people with diabetes in African countries. We searched EMBASE, PubMed and HINARI databases from inception to March 2023. Cross-sectional studies reporting the prevalence of hypertension among people with diabetes and published in English in Africa were eligible for inclusion. The cross-sectional study design component of the mixed method appraisal tool was used to assess the quality of the included studies. We quantified the overall and regional prevalence of hypertension among people with diabetes using random-effects meta-analysis. We assessed heterogeneity and publication bias using I2 statistics and funnel plots. Out of 3815 articles retrieved from the various databases, 41 met the inclusion criteria with sample sizes ranging from 80 to 116726. The mean age was 58 years (± 11) and 56% were women. The pooled prevalence of hypertension in people diagnosed with diabetes was 58.1% [95% CI: 52.0% - 63.2%]. By region, Central Africa had the highest hypertension prevalence; 77.6% [95% CI: 53.0% - 91.4%], Southern Africa 69.1% [95% CI: 59.8% - 77.1%;], North Africa 63.4% [95% CI: 37.1% - 69.1%;], West Africa 51.5% [95% CI: 41.8% - 61.1%] and East Africa 53.0% [95% CI: 45.8% - 59.1%]. Increasing age, being overweight/obese, being employed, longer duration of diabetes, urban residence, and male sex were reported to be associated with a higher likelihood of developing hypertension. The high prevalence of hypertension among people with diabetes in Africa highlights the critical need for an integrated differentiated service delivery to improve and strengthen primary care and prevent cardiovascular disease. Findings from this meta-analysis may inform the delivery of interventions to prevent premature cardiovascular disease deaths among persons in the region.

Abstract P321: Prevalence of Hypertension Among People Diagnosed With Diabetes in Africa, a Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis

Background: Hypertension (HTN) and diabetes (DM) share common pathophysiological mechanisms and hence have a high likelihood of co-occurring. The co-existence of HTN and DM increase increases CVD risk and exponentially increases health spending. Little is known about the burden of HTN in people with DM in Africa. Objective: To estimate the pooled prevalence of HTN in people with DM in African countries. Methods: This review was registered in the International Prospective Register of Systematic Reviews. We searched PubMed, Embase, and Hinari databases to identify peer-reviewed articles which provided data on the prevalence of HTN in people diagnosed with DM in Africa. We included studies that defined DM diagnosis as hemoglobin A1(HbA1c) &gt;7.0 and HTN diagnosis as BP≥140/90mmHg. We quantified the prevalence of HTN using random-effects models. We applied generalized linear mixed models with logit transformation to compute regional and overall pooled prevalence and estimated heterogeneity (I 2 ). Results: Out of 3810 studies retrieved from the databases, 27 met the inclusion criteria with sample size between (80 - 4122). The mean age was 58 (± 11) years and 56% were women. The pool prevalence of HTN in people diagnosed with DM was 59.8% [95% CI: 52.8% - 66.5%]. By African region, Central Africa recorded the highest 77.6% [95% CI: 53.01% - 91.4%], South Africa 74.5% [95% CI: 67.4% - 80.5%], North Africa 65.5% [95% CI: 54.7% - 75.0%], West Africa 55.7% [95% CI: 44.0% - 66.7%] and East Africa 50.7% [95% CI: 43.7% - 57.3%]. Increasing age, being overweight/obese, being employed, longer duration of DM, urban residence, and male sex were associated with a higher likelihood of HTN diagnosis. Conclusion: The high prevalence of HTN among people with DM in Africa, supports an integrated differentiated service delivery to improve primary healthcare-level cardiovascular disease response mechanisms. The data generated from this review may inform the delivery of interventions to avert premature cardiovascular disease mortality among Africans.

A CROSS-SECTIONAL STUDY TO ESTIMATE THE PREVALENCE OF HYPERTENSION IN URBAN FIELD PRACTICE AREA OF MEDICAL COLLEGE IN METROPOLITAN CITY OF INDIA

Objectives: The objectives of the study were to estimate the prevalence of hypertension in people above 35 years and to study the sociodemographic profile of the study subjects. Methods: The study was a cross-sectional study conducted in urban field practice area of medical college. Five chawls were selected by simple random sampling out of 42 chawls. Males and females above 35 years of age living in study area formed a sample frame. Sample size was calculated and it was 667. As per the protocol, informed written consent and demographic details with clinical data were obtained from the patients. Results: A total of 667 participants were included from five chawls. Maximum number of participants, that is, 37%; were from the age group of 35 to 44, consisting of 41% males and 59% females. Around 67% of study respondents belonged to the age group of 35–54 years. Around 3/4th of study respondents had studied up to primary school and secondary and high school. Out of 263 males, 37%, that is, 98 respondents were hypertensive, and out of 404 females, 152, that is, 38% were hypertensive. Hence, the total prevalence of hypertension in this study was 37.5%. Conclusion: Hypertension is the new era pandemic which is the leading cause of morbidity and mortality in the world and is ranked third as a cause of disability-adjusted life years. To control hypertension, it is imperative to identify and modify its risk factors.

Prevalence of Hypertension in Type-2 Diabetes Mellitus: An Observational Study

Background: Now a day, type-2 diabetes mellitus and hypertension are considered to be the first and second leading causes of all deaths and morbidities respectively. Increasing age, trend of obesity and worsening renal function increasing the prevalence of hypertension in people with type-2 diabetes mellitus. We have very few research-based information regarding these issues. Aim of the study: The aim of this study was to assess the prevalence of hypertension in patients with type-2 diabetes mellitus. Methods: This was a cross-sectional study which was conducted in the Department of Medicine and Endocrinology of Bangabandhu Sheikh Mujib Medical University, Dhaka Bangladesh from January to December 2021. In total 142 patients with type-2 diabetes mellitus attended to the mentioned hospital with proper documents were finalized as the study people. Besides data regarding type 2 diabetes mellitus, data of blood pressure and macro-vascular as well as micro-vascular complications were collected. A predesigned questioner was applied to collect patient data. All data were processed, analyzed and disseminated by MS Office and SPSS version 20. Results: In this study, among total participants in analyzing the prevalence of hypertension we observed out of 142 patients with T2DM only 45 were with hypertension which was 32%. In analyzing the stages of hypertension among total participants we found, 23.39% were with normal and 35.92% pre-hypertension (In total 68.31%). On the other hand, among 32% hypertensive participants, 19.72% (n=28) were with stage I HTN whereas 11.97% (n=17) were with stage II HTN. Conclusion: In this study, the prevalence of hypertension among type 2 diabetes patients was found some higher than that in normal. But if we consider the number of pre-hypertensive patients as a potential concern, then it is alarming. The findings of this study may be helpful in the treatment arena of diabetes and in similar further studies.

Prevalence of hypertension in people living in coastal areas of Bangladesh

The prevalence of hypertension was reported higher in the coastal areas in different populations of the world. There was no study on the prevalence of hypertension among the coastal people in Bangladesh. This study addressed the prevalence and risk of hypertension among people living in the coastal areas of Bangladesh. Total 32 different coastal communities were selected purposively in the six coastal districts (Barisal, Borguna, Vola, Pirojpur, Potuakhali and Jhalukathi) of Bangladesh. All people over 18 years were considered eligible. Social, clinical and family histories were taken. Height, weight, waist- and hip-girths were measured including systolic and diastolic blood pressure (SBP and DBP). Fasting blood glucose and lipids were also estimated. The accepted cut offs for systolic hypertension (sHTN) was ?135mmHg and diastolic hypertension (dHTN) was ?85 mmHg. Overall, 7058 (m / f = 2631 / 4427) people volunteered to participate in the study. The crude prevalence of sHTN was 17.8% [95% CI, 17.39 – 18.21] and dHTN was 19.0% [95% CI 18.08 – 19.92]. Compared to female, the male participants had higher prevalence of both sHTN (16.4 v. 20.2 %, p&lt;0.001) and dHTN (17.4 v. 21.5%, p&lt;0.001). The prevalence rates of sHTN were 14.6, 18.5 and 24.6% in the poor, the middle and in the rich class, respectively (p&lt;0.001). Similar trend was observed with dHTN. Both types of HTN increased with increasing age (p&lt;0.001), BMI (p&lt;0.001), WHR (p&lt;0.001) and WHtR (p&lt;0.001). Logistic regression analyses proved that the participants of higher social class, of advancing age and with higher obesity had excess risk of hypertension. Positive family history of HTN, DM and stroke had also increased risk for HTN. We found higher prevalence of HTN in Bangladeshi coastal population compared to people living in other areas of Bangladesh. Family history of DM, HTN and stroke were significantly related to sHTN and dHTN. Increasing age, higher obesity and higher social class had excess risk for developing HTN. Further study may be undertaken to address other unexplored risks like physical inactivity, unhealthy diet or psychosocial stress affecting the coastal people. Salt content of water and food consumed by these people should also be investigated.Ibrahim Med. Coll. J. 2015; 9(1): 11-17

Effect of Carvedilol on Blood Pressure Variability

Hypertension is currently one of the chronic diseases most frequently encountered in clinical practice, affecting a growing number of people worldwide. According to the World Health Organization, the prevalence of hypertension in people over 25 years is approximately 40%, with one billion patients being considered as uncontrolled hypertensives in 2008. Hypertension is also associated with increased cardiovascular events including acute myocardial infarction, stroke, chronic renal failure and finally death. At present there are ample pharmacological tools to manage hypertension including beta blockers, diuretics, calcium channel blockers, angiotensin converting enzymes inhibitor and angiotensin receptor inhibitor, among other agents. Although blood pressure is similarly reduced by these antihypertensive drugs, the long term benefits and the type of adverse events are not the same. As an example, beta blockers were considered a first-line treatment for this disease; however, in the last hypertension clinical guideline published in the United States, the JNC-8 (1) as well as in other clinical guidelines such as NICE in the United Kingdom, (2) this family of drugs was excluded as one of the initial therapies for hypertension. This decision was based on the increased incidence of cardiovascular events, such as cardiac death, acute myocardial infarction and stroke associated with the use of beta blockers, compared with other antihypertensive agents. Of note, these issues regarding the safety of beta blockers are mainly derived from studies with atenolol (3) and metoprolol. (4) Unfortunately, there is no similar evidence from clinical trials on the novel beta blockers with more powerful vasodilatory effect, such as carvedilol and nebivolol, which in addition have a lower risk of developing diabetes compared with classical beta blockers. The mechanism by which hypertension produces organ injury has not been clearly established. The hypothesis of mean blood pressure has been the most plausible; however, it only partially explains the pathophysiology of organ injury caused by hypertension. Subsequent studies have identified blood pres-

Association between prevalence of hypertension and components of metabolic syndrome: the data from Kailuan community

This study aimed to investigate the potential association between prevalence of hypertension and components of metabolic syndrome (MetS) in general population of North China. A cross-section survey was conducted from September to December 2013 in Kailuan community of a Northern China city, Tangshan. Anthropometric measurements, blood tests and questionnaire surveys were administered to a total of 4675 subjects enrolled in this study. In this study, hypertension was defined as blood pressure>140/90 mmHg or medication for previously diagnosed hypertension. The definition of MetS adapted the IDF/AHA/NHLBI criteria. The prevalence of hypertension among population with or without individual or clustered components of MetS was compared and the respective contribution of every component of MetS to prevalence of hypertension was analyzed using multivariate logistic analysis. The overall prevalence of hypertension was 31.6% in enrolled subjects. People with components of MetS such as central obesity, elevated TG, high blood pressure, and abnormal glucose metabolism had a higher prevalence of hypertension compared with those without. The prevalence of hypertension in people with 0, 1, 2, 3, 4, and 5 components of MetS was 18.4%, 27.8%, 32.6%, 35.6%, 43.9%, and 54.7% (p < 0.05), respectively. After adjusting for age, gender, BMI, smoking and alcohol drinking, the prevalence of hypertension was significantly correlated with the following component of MetS including central obesity (OR 1.23 (1.04–1.46), p < 0.05), elevated TG (OR 1.21 (1.03–1.43), p < 0.05), high blood pressure (OR 3.34 (2.86–3.90), p < 0.05), and abnormal glucose metabolism (OR 1.23 (1.04–1.45), p < 0.05). Components of MetS could significantly contribute to the development of hypertension. Overall lifestyle improvement and control of metabolic associated risk factors should be the cornerstone of hypertension control in China.

The treatment of hypertension in people with dementia: a systematic review of observational studies

BackgroundHypertension is very common in older people and a number of trials of antihypertensives have demonstrated benefit from treatment in even the oldest old. However, people with dementia were significantly under-represented in these studies and as a population are more likely to be physically frail, to suffer orthostatic hypotension and to experience adverse effects from polypharmacy at a lower drug count. It may be that different thresholds for commencement and cessation of treatment should be considered and may already be used for this group. Against this background this review sets out to describe the prevalence of hypertension in people with dementia, its treatment, change in treatment over time and the achievement of blood pressure (BP) control.MethodsThe PubMed, Cochrane, Embase and PsychINFO databases were searched for observational studies involving people with dementia and a diagnosis of hypertension. The search was limited to English language articles involving adults and humans published from 1990 onwards. s and titles were then reviewed with eligible articles read in full. Bibliographies were examined for further relevant studies. The final selection of studies was then analysed and appraised.ResultsThirteen articles were identified for analysis. The prevalence of hypertension in people with dementia was 45% (range 35%-84%). 73% of these were on at least one antihypertensive, with diuretics being the most common. The reported prevalence of hypertension in study populations remained unchanged over time. ACEi/ARBs and calcium channel blockers were prescribed more frequently in more recent studies whilst use of β-blockers and diuretics remained unchanged. Target blood pressure was achieved in 55% of those on treatment.ConclusionHypertension is as common in people with dementia as in other populations and is as commonly treated with antihypertensive drugs. The findings presented here will support further work to establish the risk-benefit of antihypertensive treatment in patients with dementia and, if differing ratios are identified, to establish dementia-specific guidelines for management.

Prevalence of hypertension in adults with intellectual disability in the Netherlands

Literature on the prevalence of hypertension in people with intellectual disability (ID) is mostly based on file studies or on measurements limited to the age group below 50 years. We measured and calculated the prevalence of hypertension in adults with ID and studied the distribution of hypertension in relation to age, gender, diagnosis of Down's syndrome and level of ID. In an observational cross-sectional study, standardized blood pressure measurements were obtained from 258 randomly selected adult clients of three Dutch care providers for people with ID. Hypertension was defined as a mean systolic blood pressure above 140 mm Hg on repeated measurements. The overall prevalence rate of hypertension was 17.4% (95% CI 12.28-22.46). This was comparable to the prevalence in the general Dutch population. No accurate blood pressure measurement could be performed in 28.4% of people with severe and profound ID owing to repetitive physical activity or resistance. Hypertension was significantly related to older age and absence of Down's syndrome; no correlation with gender or level of ID could be shown. The risk factor hypertension should be detected and treated in the same manner as in the general population following national guidelines.