Prevalence of Hypertension in Patients with Type-2 Diabetes Mellitus

Abstract

Background: Hypertension contributes enormously to the global disease burden and mortality. The prevalence of hypertension among type 2 diabetes mellitus (DM) patients is higher than that of age- and sex-matched patients without diabetes, ranging from 32% to 82%. Diabetes mellitus is a global health issue, about 9% of adults have diabetes, and an estimated 1.5 million people die due to diabetes worldwide each year. Increasing age, trend of obesity and worsening renal function increasing the prevalence of hypertension in people with type-2 diabetes mellitus. Objective: To assess the prevalence of hypertension in patients with type-2 diabetes mellitus. Methods: This was a cross-sectional study which was conducted in the Department of Medicine, 250 Beded Mohammad Ali Hospital, Bogura, Bangladesh during the period from January to December 2023. In total 100 patients with type-2 diabetes mellitus attended to the mentioned hospital with proper documents were finalized as the study people. Besides data regarding type 2 diabetes mellitus, data of blood pressure and macro-vascular as well as micro-vascular complications were collected. A predesigned questioner was applied to collect patient data. All data were processed, analyzed and disseminated by MS Office and SPSS version 20. Results: In this study, a total of 100 type-2 diabetic patients (56 male, 44 female) were observed. The mean age of the patients was 53.86 years with Standard deviation (SD) of ±11.54 years. The mean duration of diabetes mellitus was 7.08 SD ± 5.95 years. In analyzing the duration of type 2 diabetes among participant we observed 46%, 25%, 18% and 11 % participants suffered from T2DM for 1-5, 6-10, 11-15 and >15 years respectively. Finally, among total participants in analyzing the prevalence of hypertension we observed out of 100patients with T2DM only 32 were with hypertension which was 32%. On the other hand, in analyzing the stages of hypertension among total participants we found, 32% were with normal and pre-hypertension (in total 68%) respectively. On the other hand, among 32% hypertensive participants, 20% (n=20) were with stage I HTN whereas 12% (n=12) were with stage II HTN. Conclusion: In this study, the prevalence of hypertension among type 2 diabetes patients was found some higher than that in normal. But if we consider the number of pre-hypertensive patients as a potential concern, then it is alarming. The findings of this study may be helpful in the treatment arena of diabetes and in similar further studies.