Prevalence Of Human Papillomavirus Infection Research Articles

The Non-inferiority of Human Papillomavirus Vaccine Immunogenicity Among Women Over 26 Years: A Systematic Review.

Demonstrate the immunogenicity of the human papillomavirus (HPV) vaccine for the older age group (above 26 years) to prevent HPV infection with high-risk types and argue for extending vaccination recommendations for the older age group. Two authors searched PubMed, Embase, and the Cochrane Library from inception to December 2023 to collect information on clinical trials of HPV vaccine immunogenicity. The database search strategy used a combination of subject terms and free terms. Two authors first identified studies by reading the title, abstract, and full texts and, subsequently, based on the inclusion criteria. Studies eligible to be included are the clinical trials using one of the following types of HPV vaccines: 2vHPV, 4vHPV, and 9vHPV, and measuring the immunogenicity by the geometric mean concentration or titer (GMC/T) and seroconversion rate (SCR) among healthy women aged 9 to 55 years who had never received a prophylactic HPV vaccine, known serostatus for HPV, non-immunocompetence, or non-pregnant. This review included nine articles, seven RCTs, and two open-labeled studies. In summary, we have demonstrated that the immunogenicity of the HPV vaccines is non-inferior in the older age group. Even though the GMT declines with age, the SCR is similar in all age groups regardless of the serostatus. The immunogenicity of the bivalent vaccine is superior to that of the quadrivalent vaccine for the older age group. Additionally, the vaccine is more efficient in women under the age of 26, but older women will benefit from it.

Prevalence of Human Papillomavirus Infection and its Association with the Risk of Cervical Cancer among Hiv-Positive Women in Plateau State, North-Central Nigeria

Study’s Novelty/Excerpt This study investigates the prevalence and risk factors of HPV among HIV-infected women in Plateau State, Nigeria, highlighting a significant correlation between low CD4+ counts, high viral loads, and increased HPV infection rates. By utilizing comprehensive diagnostic methods including ELISA for HPV detection and cytology for cervical abnormalities, the research offers robust data linking immunosuppression and HPV-related cervical pathology in a high-risk population. The findings emphasize the urgent need for targeted interventions to improve sexual health behaviors and further research on how low immunity accelerates cervical cancer progression in both HIV-positive women and the broader population. Full Abstract Human papillomavirus (HPV) is one of the most common sexually transmitted infections (STI) associated with cervical, uterine, and anogenital cancers. Persistent infection with HPV is associated with abnormal cervical cells, which can develop into cervical cancer if left untreated. Human papillomaviruses are the first viruses to have been acknowledged to prompt carcinogenesis, and they are linked with cancers of the uterine cervix, anogenital tumours, and head and neck malignancies. A hospital-based study of HIV-infected women across the three senatorial zones of Plateau State, Nigeria, was conducted between November 2018 to November 2020. Ethical approval for the study was first obtained from the ethical committee of Plateau State Specialist Hospital Jos, and informed consent to participate in the research was also obtained from each participant. HIV status confirmation was first done through standard rapid test procedures, followed by cytology testing via the Pap smear procedure to detect any precancerous or malignant changes in the cervix. Subsequent detection of HPV utilized the ELISA procedure, while CD4+ cell count and viral load estimations were done using flow cytometry and nucleic acid amplification techniques, respectively. Questionnaires were administered to obtain information on cervical cancer risk factors and clinical presentations. The overall prevalence of HPV was 28% among HIV-infected women. More HPV infection (31.9%) occurred in women with low CD4+ count (0-200 cells/mm3), and also highest (50.0%) among women with the highest HIV viral load (>100 copies/mL). The possible risk factors identified in this study include multiple sexual partnering, low condom usage, and coinfection with other STIs, among others. In conclusion, this study identified a high HPV prevalence, low CD4+ counts, and coinfection with other STIs among high-risk populations (HIV-infected women). We, therefore, recommend improved sexual behaviours and further research on the impact of low immunity on the rate of progression of cervical abnormality to cervical cancer, not just in HIV-positive women but in the general population.

Prevalence of Oral Human Papillomavirus (HPV) in Patients with Genital HPV Infections: A Systematic Review and Meta-analysis

Background and aims: The relationship between oral-genital infections caused by human papillomavirus (HPV) in men and women is not well studied. This systematic review and meta-analysis aimed to determine the prevalence of concurrent and concordant oral-genital HPV infection. Methods: This systematic review and meta-analysis was conducted by selecting 89 articles from PubMed, Scopus, and Web of Science databases, exclusively searching for English studies published in international journals up to June 2023. The study summarized the percentages of concurrent (presence of any HPV in both oral and genital sites) and concordant (presence of the same types of HPV in both oral and genital sites) oral-genital HPV infections. The quality of these studies was evaluated using the Quality Assessment Tool for Quantitative Studies (QATQS). Moreover, meta-analysis was done using comprehensive meta-analysis (CMA) software with a random-effects method at a significant level of 0.05. Results: The meta-analysis incorporated a total of 86 articles. Based on QATQS, 83% of these studies achieved ‘Moderate’ ratings. The overall prevalence of concurrent oral-genital HPV infection was 15.5% (95% CI: 11.2–21) in women and 14% (95% CI: 8–23.3) in men. The concordance rate was 41.9% (95% CI: 33.8–50.5) in women and 32.2% (95% CI: 11–64.7) in men. Additionally, the prevalence of genital and oral HPV infections was 61% (95% CI: 21.3–90.6) and 9.5% (95% CI: 7.7–11.7), respectively. Conclusion: This meta-analysis showed that the high prevalence of genital HPV and oral-genital HPV can be a reason for the possibility of self-contamination.

Human Papillomavirus Infection of the Oropharyngeal and Laryngeal Squamous Papilloma: Disparities in Prevalence and Characteristics.

Human papillomavirus (HPV) infection has emerged as an etiologic factor of squamous papilloma (SP). The oropharynx and larynx are common sites of SP, but studies on the prevalence of HPV infection in these sites are lacking. This study aimed to evaluate and compare the prevalence and characteristics of HPV infection in oropharyngeal SP (OPSP) and laryngeal SP (LSP). HPV detection and genotyping data of patients with pathologically confirmed OPSP and LSP were retrospectively analyzed. A total of 119 patients were enrolled, consisting of 93 patients with OPSP and 26 patients with LSP. Of those patients, 13 patients with OPSP and 14 patients with LSP were positive for HPV infection, accounting for a prevalence of 14.0% and 53.8%, respectively (p < 0.001). The most prevalent genotype was HPV16 in OPSP and HPV6 in LSP. Over two-thirds (69.2%) of HPV(+)-OPSP infections were high-risk types compared with 14.3% of HPV(+)-LSP infections (p = 0.004). The prevalence of HPV infection in patients with OPSP and LSP demonstrated no differences in terms of age, sex, and smoking status. These results could provide a better understanding of HPV infection in OPSP and LSP and serve as a background for the epidemiology of HPV-related tumorigenesis of the oropharynx and larynx.

Molecular Epidemiology of Human Papilloma Virus (HPV) in Women’s Cervical Samples from Tehran, Iran

Background: Cervical cancer (CC) is the second-leading cause of cancer death among women. In this cancer, more than any other type of malignancy, the effects of prevention, early diagnosis, and timely treatment on reducing the death rate are evident. Hence the aim of this study was to Investigating the prevalence of human papilloma virus different genotypes in women’s cervical tissue samples. Methods: In this cross-sectional study, 1045 samples obtained from referred patients were selected for periodic cervical examinations. Then, DNA extraction from cytology liquid brush was done in accordance with the standard method. The presence of HPV was determined by PCR. By using pyrosequencing method and then BLAST online search, HPV genotypes were identified. Results: of 1045 patients, 159 (15%) had HPV infection in which 50.3% were LSIL by frequent HPV types 6, 18, 16, 11; 19.4% were HSIL by frequent HPV types 16, 18, and 30.1% were ASCUS by frequent HPV types 6, 11, respectively. The age group, 30–40 years had the highest prevalence of HPV infection (p-value = 0.6). 21.4% people diagnosed by mix genotype HPV infection. significant value identified by the pathological patterns and multiple types infections (p-value=0.007), HPV-16 infection and younger age (p-value=0.02). Conclusion: our study showed 15% HPV infection identified in studied samples and the most HPV prevalent types were 6, 18, 11, 16, respectively. HPV-16 is common in younger ages. HPV vaccination and regular screening programs are major prevention measures.

Post-Conization HPV Vaccination and Its Impact on Viral Status: A Retrospective Cohort Study in Troms and Finnmark, 2022.

Human papillomavirus (HPV) is associated with cellular changes in the cervix leading to cancer, which highlights the importance of vaccination in preventing HPV infections and subsequent cellular changes. Women undergoing the loop electrosurgical excision procedure (LEEP), a treatment for high-grade cervical intraepithelial neoplasia (CIN2+), remain at risk of recurrence. This study assessed the effect of post-conization HPV vaccination on the viral status of women at six months post-conization, aiming to evaluate the vaccine's effectiveness in preventing recurrence of CIN2+. A retrospective cohort study was conducted among women in Troms and Finnmark who underwent conization in 2022. Using the SymPathy database and the national vaccination register (SYSVAK), we analyzed the vaccination statuses and HPV test results of women born before 1991, who had not received the HPV vaccine prior to conization. Out of 419 women undergoing conization, 243 met the inclusion criteria. A significant association was found between post-conization HPV vaccination and a negative HPV test at six months of follow-up (ARR = 12.1%, p = 0.039). Post-conization HPV vaccination significantly reduced the risk of a positive HPV test at the first follow-up, suggesting its potential in preventing the recurrence of high-grade cellular changes. However, the retrospective design and the insufficient control of confounding variables in this study underscore the need for further studies to confirm these findings.

Cervical cytology and HPV distribution in Cape Verde: A snapshot of a country taken during its first HPV nation-wide vaccination campaign

Cervical cancer ranks as the third most common female cancer in Cape Verde and is the leading cause of cancer-related deaths among women in the country. While Human Papillomavirus (HPV) vaccination, which started in 2021, is anticipated to significantly reduce disease incidence, cervical screening remains crucial for non-vaccinated women. We retrospectively reviewed gynecologic cytology exams and HPV tests performed in Cape Verde between 2017 and April 2023 and processed at IMP Diagnostics. For this study, we considered 13035 women with cytology examinations performed and, 2013 of these, also with an HPV molecular test. Cytology diagnostics comprised 83 % NILM cases; 12 % ASC-US; 2.7 % LSIL; 1.2 % ASC-H; 0.5 % HSIL and 0.1 % SCC. In 505 (25.1 %) high-risk HPV infection was detected. Prevalence of HPV infection varied with age, peaking at young ages - ≤24 years old (55.5 %) and 25-35-year-old women (31.5 %) - and the lowest after 66 years old (9.7 %). Herein we present a comprehensive study regarding Cape Verde's cervical cytology and HPV distribution, aiming to provide a snapshot of the country's cervical cytology results and HPV distribution in recent years. Moreover, these data may contribute to establish a baseline to assess, in the future, the vaccination impact in the country.

Human papillomavirus infection: Epidemiology, biology, host interactions, cancer development, prevention, and therapeutics.

Human papillomavirus (HPV) infection is one of the most common sexually transmitted infections worldwide. It is caused by the HPV, a DNA virus that infects epithelial cells in various mucous membranes and skin surfaces. HPV can be categorised into high-risk and low-risk types based on their association with the development of certain cancers. High-risk HPV types, such as HPV-16 and HPV-18, are known to be oncogenic and are strongly associated with the development of cervical, anal, vaginal, vulvar, penile, and oropharyngeal cancers. These types of HPV can persist in the body for an extended period and, in some cases, lead to the formation of precancerous lesions that may progress to cancer if left untreated. Low-risk HPV types, such as HPV-6 and HPV-11, are not typically associated with cancer but can cause benign conditions like genital warts. Genital warts are characterised by the growth of small, cauliflower-like bumps on the genital and anal areas. Although not life-threatening, they can cause discomfort and psychological distress. HPV is primarily transmitted through sexual contact, including vaginal, anal, and oral sex. It can also be transmitted through non-penetrative sexual activities that involve skin-to-skin contact. In addition to sexual transmission, vertical transmission from mother to child during childbirth is possible but relatively rare. Prevention of HPV infection includes vaccination and safe sexual practices. HPV vaccines, such as Gardasil and Cervarix, are highly effective in preventing infection with the most common high-risk HPV types. These vaccines are typically administered to adolescents and young adults before they become sexually active. Safe sexual practices, such as consistent and correct condom use and limiting the number of sexual partners, can also reduce the risk of HPV transmission. Diagnosis of HPV infection can be challenging because the infection is often asymptomatic, especially in men. In women, HPV testing can be done through cervical screening programs, which involve the collection of cervical cells for analysis. Abnormal results may lead to further diagnostic procedures, such as colposcopy or biopsy, to detect precancerous or cancerous changes. Overall, HPV infection is a prevalent sexually transmitted infection with significant implications for public health. Vaccination, regular screening, and early treatment of precancerous lesions are key strategies to reduce the burden of HPV-related diseases and their associated complications. Education and awareness about HPV and its prevention are crucial in promoting optimal sexual health. This study aimed to carry out a literature review considering several aspects involving HPV infection: Global distribution, prevalence, biology, host interactions, cancer development, prevention, therapeutics, coinfection with other viruses, coinfection with bacteria, association with head and neck squamous cell carcinomas, and association with anal cancer.

Unveiling the Role of Human Papillomavirus in Urogenital Carcinogenesis a Comprehensive Review.

Human papillomavirus (HPV), an oncogenic DNA virus, is the most common sexually transmitted virus and significant public health concern globally. Despite the substantial prevalence of HPV infection among men, routine testing remains elusive due to the lack of approved HPV tests and the complexity of detection methods. Various studies have explored the link between HPV and genitourinary cancers, revealing different associations influenced by geographic variation, histological subtype and methodological differences. These findings underscore the importance of further research to elucidate the role of HPV in male urogenital cancers. This comprehensive review delves into the intricate relationship between HPV and male genitourinary cancers, shedding light on the virus's oncogenic mechanisms and its reported prevalence. A deeper understanding of HPV's implications for male health is essential for advancing public health initiatives and reducing the burden of urogenital cancers worldwide.

SCREENING FOR HUMAN PAPILLOMAVIRUS USING SELF-COLLECTED CERVICAL SAMPLES FROM WOMEN DEPRIVED OF LIBERTY IN THE STATE OF AMAZONAS, BRAZIL

Objective: The aim of the study was to identify the prevalence of human papillomavirus (HPV) infections using a self-collection device and also describe the frequency of P16INK4a overexpression in women deprived of liberty (WDL). Methods: This observational, cross-sectional, descriptive, analytical, and epidemiological study of the prevalence of HPV infection included 268 women deprived of liberty (WDL) in the state of Amazonas who performed self-collection using the Roche® HPV CTNG test. Patients with positive HPV results were submitted to a Pap smear in liquid medium, colposcopy, an immunocytochemistry evaluation using P16INK4a, and a biopsy, when necessary. Results: The age of the 268 women ranged from 19 to 64 years (mean±standard deviation: 33.5±9.1 years). HPV was detected in 66 (24.6%) women: 12 (4.5%) had HPV 16, 3 (1.1%) had HPV 18, 51 (19%) had other high-risk HPV genotypes, 21 (7.8%) had inconclusive results and 181 (67.5%) had negative results. Two women had a high-grade lesion and 13 had a low-grade lesion. Eight women showed alterations in their Pap smear and 32 (64%) presented overexpression of P16INK4a. Self-collection was well-accepted by 95.9% of the WDL. Conclusion: This study shows that the prevalence of HPV among the sample of WDL was high, that self-collection as a screening method was well-accepted and that the prison population has peculiar characteristics since there is a higher prevalence of other high-risk HPV genotypes.

P16 and HPV status in head and neck sarcomas and sarcomatoid carcinomas

Human papillomavirus (HPV)-positive oropharyngeal carcinoma is a distinct type of head and neck carcinoma with improved prognosis. p16 immunostaining is often used as a surrogate marker for HPV infection in this particular setting. The aim of this study is to estimate the prevalence of p16 staining and HPV infection in head and neck sarcomatoid carcinomas as well as head and neck sarcomas. 21 sarcomatoid carcinomas and 28 head and neck sarcomas were tested for p16 positivity using immunohistochemical staining, and for high-risk HPV infection using In situ hybridization (ISH). 24 % of sarcomatoid carcinomas and 21 % of sarcomas were positive for p16 staining. All 49 cases were negative for HPV ISH. The results confirm that p16 staining is not specific and may not be associated with HPV infection in non-oropharyngeal head and neck sites. They also indicate that non-oropharyngeal head and neck sarcomatoid carcinomas are not likely to be HPV related.

An evaluation of the cost of human papilloma virus (HPV) vaccine delivery in Zambia

BackgroundHuman papillomavirus (HPV) is a common sexually transmitted infection and the leading cause of cervical cancer. The HPV vaccine is a safe and effective way to prevent HPV infection. In Zambia, the vaccine is given during Child Health Week to girls aged 14 years who are in and out of school in two doses over two years. The focus of this evaluation was to establish the cost to administer a single dose of the vaccine as well as for full immunisation of two doses.MethodsThis work was part of a broader study on assessing HPV programme implementation in Zambia. For HPV costing aspect of the study, with a healthcare provider perspective and reference year of 2020, both top-down and micro-costing approaches were used for financial costing, depending on the cost data source, and economic costs were gathered as secondary data from Expanded Programme for Immunisation Costing and Financing Project (EPIC), except human resource costs which were gathered as primary data using existing Ministry of Health salary scales and reported time spent by different health cadres on activities related to HPV vaccination. Data was collected from eight districts in four provinces, mainly using a structured questionnaire, document reviews and key informant interviews with staff at national, provincial, district and health facility levels. Administrative coverage rates were obtained for each district.ResultsFindings show that schools made up 53.3% of vaccination sites, community outreach sites 30.9% and finally health facilities 15.8%. In terms of coverage for 2020, for the eight districts sampled, schools had the highest coverage at 96.0%. Community outreach sites were at 6.0% of the coverage and health facilities accounted for only 1.0% of the coverage. School based delivery had the lowest economic cost at USD13.2 per dose and USD 28.1 per fully immunised child (FIC). Overall financial costs for school based delivery were US$6.0 per dose and US$12.4 per FIC. Overall economic costs taking all delivery models into account were US$23.0 per dose and US$47.6 per FIC. The main financial cost drivers were microplanning, supplies, service delivery/outreach and vaccine co-financing; while the main economic cost drivers were human resources, building overhead and vehicles. Nurses, environmental health technicians and community-based volunteers spent the most time on HPV related vaccination activities compared to other cadres and represented the greatest human resource costs.ConclusionsThe financial cost of HPV vaccination in Zambia aligns favourably with similar studies conducted in other countries. However, the economic costs appear significantly higher than those observed in most international studies. This discrepancy underscores the substantial strain placed on healthcare resources by the program, a burden that often remains obscured. While the vaccine costs are currently subsidized through the generous support of Gavi, the Vaccine Alliance, it’s crucial to recognize that these expenses pose a considerable threat to long-term sustainability. Consequently, countries such as Zambia must proactively devise strategies to address this challenge.

High burden of human papillomavirus infection among men in Guangzhou, South China: Implications for HPV vaccination strategies.

The epidemiological and clinical aspects of Human Papillomavirus (HPV) infection in women have been extensively studied. However, there is a lack of information regarding HPV characteristics in males. In this study, we conducted a retrospective and observational study of 3737 consecutive male individuals attending outpatient clinics of Guangdong Women and Children Hospital from 2012 to 2023 in Guangzhou, South China, to determine the age- and genotype-specific prevalence of HPV in men. The results showed the overall prevalence of HPV among men was 42.15% (1575/3737), with variations ranging from 29.55% to 81.31% across distinct diagnostic populations. Low-risk HPV6 (15.47%), HPV11 (8.94%), and high-risk HPV52 (5.51%) were the most common types. The annual HPV prevalence decreased significantly (Z = -3.882, p < .001), ranging from 31.44% to 52.90%. 28.77% (1075/3737) of men manifested infection with a singular HPV type, predominantly identified as a low-risk type. The age-specific distribution of HPV infections revealed distinctive peaks in the < 25 y age group (47.60%, 208/437) and the 40-44 y age group (44.51%, 154/346). Notably, the positive rate of Chlamydia trachomatis was significantly higher among HPV-positive individuals in comparison to HPV-negatives (16.14% vs. 11.25%, p < .05). Our findings reveal a substantial prevalence of HPV infection among outpatient men in Guangzhou, South China. It is recommended to consider the inclusion of HPV vaccination for adolescent males in national immunization schedules, once an adequate supply of vaccines is accessible.

Exploring the Concordance Between High-Risk Human Papillomavirus Infections in Cervical and Oral Sites Among Females: A Cross-Sectional Study in Punjab, Pakistan.

Human papillomavirus (HPV) is widely recognized as a key contributing factor in cervical and oropharyngeal cancers. However, there has been limited research on the prevalence of concurrent HPV infections in various anatomic regions. This study aimed to investigate the prevalence and specific types of high-risk HPV (HR-HPV) infections in the cervical and oral regions of females in Punjab, Pakistan. We conducted a cross-sectional study involving women seeking care for general gynecologic issues at the gynecologic Outpatient Department of Lady Wallington Hospital in Lahore. After interviews and clinical examinations, we collected whole-saliva samples and high vaginal swabs from each participant. HR-HPV detection and genotyping were performed using real-time polymerase chain reaction at both the anatomic sites. In this study, 170 females, averaging 35.36 ± 8.305 years, participated. HR-HPV infection was more prevalent in the cervix (83/170 [48.8%]) than in the oral cavity (19/170 [11.2%]). Concordant HPV infections occurred in 10/170 participants (5.9%). HPV 16 was the most common genotype in cervical and oral locations, at rates of 21.8% and 5.3%, respectively, among concordant HR-HPV types. Socioeconomic status (P = .013), age at first sexual intercourse (P = .015), and history of oral sex (P = .01) were significantly associated with concurrent HR-HPV infection in both regions. This study suggests that HR-HPV cervical infections may increase the risk of oral transmission, especially during orogenital sexual practices. Thus, it is important to recognize that HPV infections may be linked in both areas. We emphasize the importance of comprehensive cervical and oral examinations and HPV vaccination in young women irrespective of their sexual practices.

Knowledge and Awareness of Human Papillomavirus Vaccination for Oral Cancer Prevention among Dental Practitioners, Students, and Patients at UiTM Faculty of Dentistry, Malaysia

Introduction: HPV (Human papillomavirus) infection is associated with an increased risk of various types of cancer, including cervical and oropharyngeal cancers. HPV vaccines are effective in preventing HPV infection and its associated diseases. This project aims to evaluate the knowledge between UITM’s dental practitioners, students, and patients regarding HPV vaccination for oral cancer prevention. Materials and Methods: A cross-sectional study was conducted using a questionnaire-oriented approach. Respondents were enrolled through convenience sampling. The questionnaire consisted of different sections covering topics related to HPV, its associated cancers, HPV vaccination, and oral cancer. Results: The study included a total of 199 respondents, comprising 14 dental practitioners (DP), 86 dental students (DS), and 99 patients. Majority of DP (85.7%) and DS (89.5%) were aware of HPV, compared to only 26.3% of patients. Moreover, only 14.3% (DP), 26.7% (DS), and 14.1% (patients) knew that smoking can increase the risk of HPV infection. Additionally, only 23.2% of patients were aware that men can also be infected by HPV. Majority of respondents (n=183) recognized that HPV is one of the viruses that can cause oral cancer. However, 49.5% of patients were not aware that oral cancer can be prevented with HPV vaccination. Conclusions: The study reveals poor knowledge of HPV and oral cancer among patients. There is a need to implement regular awareness campaigns regarding HPV vaccines and oral cancer prevention, within the UiTM Dental faculty.

Comprehensive analysis of a novel subtype of immune microenvironment-derived HPV-infected colorectal cancer

BackgroundThe current study proposed a novel subtype, Human papillomavirus (HPV)-infected colorectal cancer (CRC), to understand the impact of HPV on CRC. MethodsWe assessed the prevalence and clinical implications of HPV in CRC by integrating a single cohort in Guangdong Provincial People's Hospital and public datasets. Differential gene, pathway enrichment, and immune infiltration analysis were conducted to explore the patterns in HPV-infected CRC. Quantitative polymerase chain reaction, cell proliferation, scratch, and flow cytometry assays were employed to validate the impact of HPV on CRC. ResultsThe study revealed a high prevalence of HPV infection in CRC, with infection rates ranging from 10% to 31%. There was also a significant increase in tumor proliferation in HPV-infected CRC. The study showed increased immune cell infiltration, including T cells, γδ T cells, cytotoxic cells, and plasmacytoid dendritic cells in HPV-infected CRC (P < 0.05). Furthermore, our findings confirmed that HPV infection promoted M1 polarization. Our results demonstrated that low ISM2 expression was associated with a less advanced clinical stage (P < 0.001) and better survival outcomes (P = 0.039). Low ISM2 expression correlated with a strong tumor immune response, potentially contributing to the improved survival observed in HPV-infected CRC. ConclusionsThese findings provided a novel subtype of HPV-infected CRC. The subtype with a better prognosis showed a “hot” tumor immune microenvironment that may be responsive to immunotherapy.

Prevalence of genital high-risk human papillomavirus infections and associated factors among women living with human immunodeficiency virus in Uganda

BackgroundWomen living with HIV are at risk for cervical dysplasia and cancer worldwide. In 2015, the World Health Organization (WHO) recommended that testing for high-risk HPV (hrHPV) infection be incorporated into cervical cancer screening programs using molecular nucleic acid tests (NATs) but this has not previously been done in Uganda. The country’s coverage for Human Papilloma Virus (HPV) screening remains low at less than 10% for women aged 25–49 years. This study determined the genital prevalence of hrHPV infection and the associated factors among women living with HIV in Uganda.MethodsA descriptive cross-sectional study was conducted in 15 selected health facilities among participants who were on Antiretroviral therapy (ART). Participants who consented to participate were instructed on how to collect their own high vaginal swabs using a cervical brush for HPV molecular testing (HPV DNA or HPV RNA) and their demographics data was collected using a standard questionnaire. Laboratory diagnosis for HPV molecular testing was done using Gene xpert machines and Hologic Aptima Machine. Modified Poisson regression analysis was conducted to determine the associated factors.ResultsThis study involved 5856 HIV positive participants on ART. A total of 2006 out of 5856 (34.3%) participants had high risk HPV infections. HPV infections by genotypes were: HPV16 317(15.8%), HPV 18/45 308 (15.4%) and other high-risk HPV 1381 (68.8%). The independent factors associated with all hrHPV were parity, education level, having more than one partner, and engaging in early sex. Smoking was associated with HPV 16, HPV 18/45 and other hrHPV. Age was associated with all hrHPV, marital status with HPV 16, and occupation with HPV 16.ConclusionsThe prevalence of genital high-risk HPV infections among HIV positive women attending ART clinics in public facilities in Uganda was high. Other hrHPV genotype was the commonest compared to 18/45 and HPV 16. The integration of cervical cancer screening in ART programmes remains paramount to support the early detection of cervical cancer and Non-invasive self-collected urine and vaginal sampling for cervical cancer screening present an opportunity.

Prevalence of human papillomavirus infection and associated factors among women attending cervical cancer screening in setting of Addis Ababa, Ethiopia

Human papillomaviruses (HPVs) are circular, nonenveloped small double-stranded DNA viruses that infect stratified epithelium and can cause a number of life-threatening diseases. HPV is the central risk factor for developing cervical cancer and is estimated that approximately 98% of this disease is associated with oncogenic types of HPV. HPV infection leads to an estimated 266,000 cervical cancer deaths annually. Therefore, the objective of this study was to determine the prevalence of HPV infection and risk factors associated with cervical lesion among women attending the cervical cancer screening clinic at the Ethiopian Family Guidance Association, Addis Ababa. A cross-sectional study was conducted to determine the prevalence of HPV infection. Data were collected using a questionnaire and samples leftover from cervical screening were taken. The leftover swab was air dried and DNA was extracted and amplified by using a PCR. A total of 247 women were included in the study. The prevalence of HPV was 9.72% among the population studied. Of all participants, 27.13% were positive for cervical intraepithelial neoplasia-1 (CIN1). CIN1 positivity was found in half of HPV positive women. Among HPV positive women, half of them had started sexual intercourse at ages 12–17 years and 41.66% were women who gave birth at ages 12–17 years. The high prevalence of HPV and the CIN1 positive group were ages 36–57 and women with multiple sexual partners. The other groups with the highest CIN1 positive were 22.39% grade (9–12) and 20.9% primary (1–8) and uneducated women. Among HPV positive women, 83.33% had an abortion history and 80% miscarried in the first trimester. Among the CIN1 positives, 53.73% had more than two sexual partners. Among HPV positive women, half of them were users of contraception methods. In conclusion, the highest prevalence of HPV is among women who began sexual intercourse earlier and who gave birth at 12–17 years of age, have an abortion history, with MSP and oral contraceptive methods users. In addition to HPV, early pregnancy and sexual intercourse at 12–17 years of age, abortion, MSP, and oral hormonal contraceptives are factors in cervical cancer. Finally, most women do not have enough knowledge and awareness about cervical cancer and the risk factor.

Genital and Oral HPV Geno-Prevalence Measured through Urine and Saliva Samples in Young Adults in Italy.

The aims of the study were to determine, in the urine and oral samples of young adults, the genotype-specific prevalence of Human Papilloma Virus (HPV) infection, the HPV DNA type-specific prevalence in unvaccinated and vaccinated individuals, and the determinants of HPV infection. Selected participants were asked to fill in a self-administered questionnaire and to self-collect urine and saliva samples. Among the 1002 participants, 81 (8.1%) resulted positive for HPV DNA. The most common low-risk genotype was HPV 42 (2.2%), followed by HPV 43 (0.8%), and 40 (0.5%). The HPV 51 was the most common high-risk genotype (1.5%) followed by HPV 66 (1%) and HPV 68 (1%), and no participants were infected with HPV genotypes 18, 33, 45. Females, those who have had one or more occasional sexual partner, those who never/rarely/sometimes used condoms during their sexual activity, those with a previous diagnosis of sexually transmitted infection, and those who were not vaccinated were more likely to be tested positive for HPV infection. The low prevalence of genital HPV infections has provided evidence of the effectiveness of HPV vaccination both in vaccinated and not yet vaccinated subjects through herd immunity and indicated its decisive role in the changing epidemiology of circulating HPV genotypes in the population.

Fractional view analysis of sexual transmitted human papilloma virus infection for public health

The infection of human papilloma virus (HPV) poses a global public health challenge, particularly in regions with limited access to health care and preventive measures, contributing to health disparities and increased disease burden. In this research work, we present a new model to explore the transmission dynamics of HPV infection, incorporating the impact of vaccination through the Atangana–Baleanu derivative. We establish the positivity and uniqueness of the solution for the proposed model HPV infection. The threshold parameter is determined through the next-generation matrix method, symbolized by R0\\documentclass[12pt]{minimal} \\usepackage{amsmath} \\usepackage{wasysym} \\usepackage{amsfonts} \\usepackage{amssymb} \\usepackage{amsbsy} \\usepackage{mathrsfs} \\usepackage{upgreek} \\setlength{\\oddsidemargin}{-69pt} \\begin{document}$${\\mathcal {R}}_0$$\\end{document}. Moreover, we investigate the local asymptotic stability of the infection-free steady-state of the system. The existence of the solutions of the recommended model is determined through fixed-point theory. A numerical scheme is presented to visualize the dynamical behavior of the system with variation of input factors. We have shown the impact of input parameters on the dynamics of the system through numerical simulations. The findings of our investigation delineated the principal parameters exerting significant influence for the control and prevention of HPV infection.