Prevalence Of High Blood Pressure Research Articles

Changing pattern of high blood pressure in Rumuomasi: A semi-urban community in southern Nigeria

Background: Hypertension is the largest contributor to global burden of disease with uncontrolled hypertension rising from 600million to nearly 1billion. Nigeria, as the most populous country in Africa, is not immune to the trend of global health and is even more vulnerable considering her population growth rate and lifestyle challenges. This study therefore aims to identify the prevalence of high blood pressure in the semi-urban community in southern Nigeria. Methods: 199 subjects participated in this community-based cross-sectional descriptive study conducted among adults age ≥18 years in an outreach held by GoodHeart and life support initiative in November 2023 at Rumuomasi community in Obio/Akpor Local Government Area in Port Harcourt Rivers state, Nigeria. Biodata was collected and blood pressure was measured using a mercury sphygmomanometer. Results: Of the 199 subjects that participated in this study, 63 (31.66%) were males and 136 (68.34%) females with a mean age of 48.5 ± 14.33 years. The prevalence of high blood pressure in the study population stands at 71.86% (n = 143). Among the hypertensive, 100 were females and 43 males. Early detection and treatment are crucial and should be encouraged, especially in an environment where ignorance and poverty hinder proper health-seeking behavior.

The Effects of Noise Pollution on the Prevalence of High Blood Pressure and Abnormal Pulse Rate on Workers in select Industries in Nnewi

This study investigates the impact of noise pollution on the prevalence of high blood pressure and abnormal pulse rate among workers in selected industries in Nnewi, Nigeria. Utilizing a cross-sectional design, the research encompassed 250 workers exposed to varying levels of noise pollution. Data on blood pressure, pulse rate, and noise exposure were collected and analyzed using descriptive and inferential statistics. The findings reveal a significant correlation between prolonged exposure to high noise levels and increased instances of high blood pressure and abnormal pulse rates among the participants. These outcomes underscore the critical need for stringent noise control measures and regular health monitoring in industrial settings to mitigate the adverse health effects associated with noise pollution. This research contributes to the body of knowledge on occupational health, emphasizing the importance of creating a safer work environment to enhance workers' wellbeing.

Hubungan Gaya Hidup, Dukungan Keluarga dan Peran Petugas Kesehatan Serta Kepatuhan Mengkonsumsi Obat Anti Hipertensi pada Pasien Prolanis Hiperetensi dengan Tekanan Darah Terkontrol di Puskesmas Tembiahan Kota Tahun 2023

The prevalence of high blood pressure in the population aged 18 years and above increased from 25.8% to 34.1%. The significant increase in cases of non-communicable diseases is expected to increase the burden on society and government, because handling it requires large costs and requires high technology. The purpose of this study was to determine the relationship between lifestyle, family support and the role of health workers and compliance with taking medication with controlled blood pressure at the Tembilahan City Health Center in 2023. The research method uses quantitative methods with a Cross Sectionl design approach. The number of samples in this study amounted to 160 hypertension prolanis patients. The sample technique used was Proposional stratified Random Sampling. Data collection through primary data by distributing questionnaires with independent variables (diet, smoking habits, physical activity, stress conditions, family support, the role of health workers and compliance with drug consumption) and the dependent variable is controlled blood pressure. The results of this study indicate that there is a significant relationship between adherence to taking anti-hypertensive drugs (p value = 0.000 and OR 14.744), smoking habits (p value = 0.000 and OR 7.082), diet (p value = 0.000 and OR 4.899), family support (p value = 0.012 and OR 2.977), with controlled blood pressure in hypertension prolanis patients. The variable of adherence to taking anti-hypertensive drugs is the dominant factor that most influences controlled blood pressure in hypertension prolanis patients with an OR value of 14.744.

Body weight and blood pressure changes on dolutegravir-, efavirenz- or atazanavir-based antiretroviral therapy in Zimbabwe: a longitudinal study.

Dolutegravir (DTG) is widely used for antiretroviral therapy (ART). We compared weight and blood pressure trends and examined the association between high blood pressure and weight gain among people living with HIV (PLHIV) switching to or starting DTG-based, efavirenz (EFV)-based and ritonavir-boosted atazanavir (ATV/r)-based ART in Zimbabwe. PLHIV aged 18 years or older who started or switched to DTG, EFV or ATV/r-based ART between January 2004 and June 2022 at Newlands Clinic in Harare, Zimbabwe, were eligible. Weight was measured at all visits (Seca floor scales); blood pressure only at clinician-led visits (Omron M2 sphygmomanometer). We used Bayesian additive models to estimate trends in weight gain and the proportion with high blood pressure (systolic >140 mmHg or diastolic >90 mmHg) in the first 2 years after starting or switching the regimen. Finally, we examined whether trends in the proportion with high blood pressure were related to weight change. We analysed 99,969 weight and 35,449 blood pressure records from 9487 adults (DTG: 4593; EFV: 3599; ATV/r: 1295). At 24 months after starting or switching to DTG, estimated median weight gains were 4.54 kg (90% credibility interval 3.88-5.28 kg) in women and 3.71 kg (3.07-4.45 kg) in men, around twice that observed for ATV/r and over four-times the gain observed for EFV. Prevalence of high blood pressure among PLHIV receiving DTG-based ART increased from around 5% at baseline to over 20% at 24 months, with no change in PLHIV receiving EFV- or ATV/r-based ART. High blood pressure in PLHIV switching to DTG was associated with weight gain, with stronger increases in the proportion with high blood pressure for larger weight gains. Among PLHIV starting ART or switching to a new regimen, DTG-based ART was associated with larger weight gains and a substantial increase in the prevalence of high blood pressure. Routine weight and blood pressure measurement and interventions to lower blood pressure could benefit PLHIV on DTG-based ART. Further studies are needed to elucidate the mechanisms and reversibility of these changes after discontinuation of DTG.

Monitoring risk factors for dementia in middle-aged and older adults: a longitudinal study.

To compare the prevalence of risk factors for dementia in middle-aged and older adults over a two-year period and to identify what variables in baseline were predictive of cognitive decline in the follow-up. Longitudinal and quantitative study, with follow-up evaluation after two years, conducted with 200 participants aged 45 years or more, registered in Primary Care Units. In the baseline (2018/2019) and follow-up (2021) assessments, sociodemographic data were collected, and cognitive performance and risk factors for dementia were evaluated (education, hearing loss, head trauma, high blood pressure, alcohol use, obesity, smoking, depressive symptoms, social isolation, physical inactivity, and diabetes mellitus). Data were compared using the McNemar's test. Individual multinomial logistic regression models were performed to identify the factors associated with cognitive decline after two years. The percentages of low education, traumatic brain injury, and smoking remained the same in both assessments. There was a significant increase in the prevalence of high blood pressure (from 55.0 to 62.0%) and physical inactivity (from 58.5 to 74.5%) and a significant reduction in social isolation (from 25.0 to 18.0%). Participants with depressive symptoms in baseline had a higher risk of cognitive decline in follow-up. There was an increase in the prevalence of high blood pressure and physical inactivity and a reduction in social isolation after two years. Depressive symptoms predict cognitive decline.

Prevalence of High Blood Pressure, Risks Factors, and Knowledge Deficit in Apparently Healthy College Students

Background: College students are assumed to be generally healthy, thus, elevated blood pressure can be easily missed in this population. However, recent research on college students has demonstrated increasing rates of elevated blood pressure. Situations that increase risk of elevated BP include higher levels of stress related to college education as well as other common stress producing events in life. Additionally, college students may engage in behaviors that increase risk such as eating poor diets, drinking alcohol, and not exercising regularly. The purpose of this study was to assess the prevalence of elevated blood pressure and risk factors in undergraduate college students and develop a campus wide educational initiative. Methods: Undergraduate students at a faith-based, Midwestern university (n = 138) participated in a cross-sectional study. Demographic data, standardized BP measurements, risk factors, and perceived stress levels were collected via a Google form and in-person assessments. Results: Fifty-two percent of college students had an elevated systolic blood pressure, and 30% had elevated diastolic blood pressure. Male students had significantly higher systolic (X2 = 101.343, p = .005) and diastolic blood pressure readings (X2 = 144.44, p < .001) compared to female students. There was no association between year in school and stress levels (X2 = 315.83, p = .102). Stress and systolic blood pressure were not correlated (r = .121, p = .180) nor were stress and diastolic blood pressure (r = .075, p = .408). Following the educational initiative, 96% of students (n = 91) were able to accurately define elevated blood pressure, risk factors for hypertension, and strategies to lower blood pressure. Conclusions: It is vital that blood pressure assessments become a priority for college students. These assessments must be followed by interventions aimed at reducing blood pressure levels, stress, and risk factors related to hypertension to prevent the long-term effects of cardiovascular disease. Healthcare providers on college campuses, including and perhaps most effectively students in health-related fields, should be involved in working with this population to increase awareness and screening efforts.

Lower regional urbanicity and socioeconomic status attenuate associations of green spaces with hypertension and diabetes mellitus: a national representative cross-sectional study in China.

High blood pressure (HBP) and diabetes mellitus (DM) are two of the most prevalent cardiometabolic disorders globally, especially among individuals with lower socio-economic status (SES). Studies have linked residential greenness to decreased risks of HBP and DM. However, there has been limited evidence on whether SES may modify the associations of residential greenness with HBP and DM. Based on a national representative cross-sectional study among 44,876 adults, we generated the normalized difference vegetation index (NDVI) at 1 km spatial resolution to characterize individuals' residential greenness level. Administrative classification (urban/rural), nighttime light index (NLI), individual income, and educational levels were used to characterize regional urbanicity and individual SES levels. We observed weaker inverse associations of NDVI with HBP and DM in rural regions compared to urban regions. For instance, along with per interquartile range (IQR, 0.26) increment in residential NDVI at 0∼5 year moving averages, the ORs of HBP were 1.04 (95%CI: 0.94, 1.15) in rural regions and 0.85 (95%CI: 0.79, 0.93) in urban regions (P = 0.003). Along with the decrease in NLI levels, there were continuously decreasing inverse associations of NDVI with DM prevalence (P for interaction <0.001). In addition, weaker inverse associations of residential NDVI with HBP and DM prevalence were found among individuals with lower income and lower education levels compared to their counterparts. Lower regional urbanicity and individual SES could attenuate the associations of residential greenness with odds of HBP and DM prevalence.

High Blood Pressure and Depression Among the Working Population of Ghana: A Generalized Linear Model of the Risk Factors

Background. The global presence of high blood pressure and depression poses a significant public health threat, particularly in emerging nations. High blood pressure and depression are inevitable among the working population of Ghana, and it is crucial to recognize the potential influence of these conditions on the working‐age population.Materials and Methods. The study analyzed the risk factors associated with high blood pressure and depression among the working population of Ghana. The data in this study were drawn from Wave 1 data of the Study on Global Ageing and Adult Health (SAGE) survey, which was conducted by World Health Organization (WHO) in Ghana from January 2007 to December 2008. A longitudinal survey under the banner of SAGE was conducted. The study used 2681 participants aged 18–60 years. We modeled high blood pressure using logistic regression and depression with the proportional odds model of ordinal logistic regression.Results. The study revealed that the prevalence of depression among the working‐age population was 42.5%, whereas that of high blood pressure was 48.7%. The result also showed that males have a lower risk of developing high blood pressure and depression (OR = 0.851 and OR = 0.658, respectively) compared with females. Also, older adults (40–60 years) have a higher risk of developing high blood pressure and depression (OR = 1.992 and OR = 2.334, respectively) compared with younger adults. Other risk factors associated with high blood pressure include diabetes (2.107), depression, and weight. Last, alcohol intake (1.502), tobacco intake (1.279), and high blood pressure were found to be other risk factors associated with depression.Conclusion. The prevalence of depression and high blood pressure is high among the working population of Ghana. There is therefore the need to incorporate health awareness programs on these topics.

Prevalence of High Blood Pressure in Pregnant Women in Aljouf, Saudi Arabia

Raised blood pressure during pregnancy may result in the death of the mother and the fetus. In frontline healthcare settings, there aren't enough studies on its prevalence and associated factors. Our goal was to assess the prevalence of HBP and its risk factors among pregnant women in the Aljouf area. A cross-sectional study conducted in the obstetrics department of Maternity and Children Hospital (MCH) Sakaka, Aljouf, Saudi Arabia, included a pregnant woman with high blood pressure (HBP). A multivariable logistic regression analysis was used to determine the causes of HBP. A bout 451 pregnant women with high blood pressure were included among 3750 other pregnant women. In general, the prevalence of HBP was 12% (95% confidence interval [CI] 0.7-2.3); among women, it was 0.7% (95% CI 0.3-1.1), 1.6% (95% CI 0.8-2.1), and 3% (95% CI 1.2-8.6) in the first, second, and third trimesters, respectively. Trimester of pregnancy, age, income, occupation, and parity, were not linked to HBP during pregnancy in the multivariable analysis. HBP was present in 12% of pregnant women in the Aljouf region, which is considered to be of moderate-high prevalence. High blood pressure during pregnancy can harm both the mother and the fetus. As a result, the prevalence research has the benefit of encouraging medical professionals to conduct early screening, which helps with prevention, treatment, and also decreases the burden of negative pregnancy outcomes

Stakeholder-Informed Solutions To Address Barriers for Alcohol Screening and Brief Intervention in Thai Hypertension Care.

Premature deaths from NCDs disproportionately affect people in low- and middle-income countries. Since alcohol use is one of the most common causes of reversible hypertension, interventions targeting alcohol use may be a feasible and effective low-cost approach to synergistically reduce the prevalence of harmful drinking and high blood pressure. This study sought to identify key factors in successfully implementing alcohol use screening and brief intervention in hypertension care in Thailand. For this purpose, we surveyed participants (NRound 1 = 91, NRound 2 = 27) from three different groups of Thai stakeholders (policy- and decisionmakers, primary healthcare practitioners, and patients diagnosed with hypertension) in a two-round stakeholder elicitation. In round 1, we identified limited resources, lack of clear guidelines for lifestyle intervention, stigmatization, and inconsistent monitoring of patients' alcohol use as important barriers. In round 2, we sought to elicit solutions for the barriers identified in round 1. While stakeholders emphasized the need for adaptability to existing realities in Thai primary healthcare such as a high workload and limited digitization, they favorably evaluated a digital alcohol assessment tool with integrated, tailored advice for brief intervention as a potential scalable solution. Findings suggest that as one possible route to reduce the NCD burden caused by hypertension in Thailand, primary healthcare services may be enhanced by digital tools that support resource-effective, intuitive, and seamless delivery of alcohol screening and brief intervention.

Prevalence of undiagnosed hyperglycemia and hypertension among middle-aged adults in Vietnam: A community-based study

BackgroundThe information on prevalence of undiagnosed hyperglycemia, and hypertension among the adult in Vietnam is limited. The aim of this study was to identify the prevalence of undiagnosed intermediate hyperglycemia, hyperglycemia, and hypertension and some associated factors among adults aged ≥40 years living in Ba Vi district in Hanoi, Vietnam. MethodsA cross-sectional study was conducted among 1814 adults aged ≥40 years nine communes in Ba Vi district, a semi rural area, in Hanoi, Vietnam. Lists of the adults aged ≥40 years living in nine communes, who reported undiagnosed for hypertension, and diabetes, were made. From the lists, the participants were randomly selected based on the selection criteria. Participants were people who reported they are free of hypertension, diabetes, prediabetes at the day of data collection. Participants were collected information on sociodemographic characteristics, blood pressure measurement, and 3 ml fasting venous blood samples by certified phlebotomists. The main study outcomes variables were intermediate hyperglycemia, hyperglycemia, and hypertension. ResultsPrevalence of undiagnosed intermediate hyperglycemia, hyperglycemia, and hypertension among the participants were 47.8 %, 8.2 %, and 40.0 %, respectively. Higher prevalence of undiagnosed intermediate hyperglycemia (53.3 % vs 46.2 %), hyperglycemia (13.5 % vs 7.9 %), and high blood pressure (52.8 % vs 33.9 %) were found among males compared with females. ConclusionHigh prevalence of undiagnosed intermediate hyperglycemia, hyperglycemia, and hypertension were found in the middle-aged adults in Vietnam. Improving the individual's awareness and early screening for diabetes, and hypertension in adults for timely management are necessary.

Prevalence of high blood pressure in periodontal patients: A pilot study.

Arterial hypertension and periodontal diseases are pathologies with a high prevalence worldwide. Recent evidence suggests a possible causal relationship between them. Patients with moderate or severe periodontitis tend to have higher blood pressure measurements and a 30% to 70% higher likelihood of developing hypertension. The aim of this cross-sectional pilot study was to ascertain the prevalence of high blood pressure in patients with periodontitis. The study included 40 patients diagnosed with periodontitis who required non-surgical periodontal treatment. Demographic, periodontal and clinical characteristics, including blood pressure measurements, were registered. Fifteen percent of the patients were classified as hypertensive (n = 6), 67.5% as high-normal (n = 27) and 17.5% as normotensive (n = 7). Recent studies have estimated that the prevalence of highnormal blood pressure in the general population ranges between 30% and 50%. These findings suggest that patients with periodontal disease are more likely to have elevated blood pressure than patients with healthy periodontal tissues. High-normal blood pressure is associated with a 3 times higher likelihood of developing hypertension, so early detection and prevention are crucial public health strategies. Despite the limitations of this pilot study, it highlights the role of dentists in the prevention, diagnosis and blood pressure control to improve health and cardiovascular risk of patients with periodontitis.

Prevalence, awareness, treatment and control of high blood pressure in a cohort in Northern Andean Peru

ABSTRACT Background Gaps exist along the high blood pressure (HBP) diagnosis-treatment-control pathway in high, low and middle-income countries. Objective To determine the prevalence of HBP and to describe the levels of awareness, control and treatment of HBP in the rural Peruvian Andes. Methods This cross-sectional study is embedded into a multigenerational cohort. We analysed data of all adult participants aged ≥ 30 years (n = 2752) who answered a baseline health and lifestyle questionnaire and underwent a physical examination, which included three blood pressure readings. HBP was defined as measured systolic or diastolic blood pressure (BP) ≥140 and/or 90 mm Hg and/or self-reported physician-diagnosed hypertension and/or self-reported antihypertensive intake. The determinants of the prevalence of HBP, unawareness of HBP and uncontrolled HBP were assessed using mixed-effect logistic regressions. Results HBP was present in 18.9% of the participants. Of those with measured HBP, 72.2% were unaware of their HBP. Among those with a diagnosed or medically treated hypertension, 58.4% had uncontrolled HBP. The prevalence of HBP was higher in women (OR: 1.12, CI: 1.02–1.24), increased with age (OR: 1.01, CI: 1.01–1.01) and the presence of family history of hypertension (OR: 1.15, CI: 1.08–1.24), and decreased with healthier lifestyle score (OR: 0.93, CI: 0.91–0.95). Unawareness of HBP was lower among women (OR: 0.56, CI: 0.38–0.83), higher among participants living over 3000 m Above Sea Level (OR: 1.15, CI: 1.03–1.27) and decreased with age (OR: 0.99, CI: 0.98–0.99). Conclusions Unawareness of HBP was high, few HTN patients received treatment and BP remained high in the presence of antihypertensive treatment.

Prevalence of and Factors Associated With High Blood Pressure at 15 Years of Age: A Birth Cohort Study.

Arterial hypertension is the greatest cause of morbidity and mortality worldwide. Our aim was to investigate the prevalence of and factors associated with high blood pressure (HBP) among adolescents. The Pelotas 2004 Birth Cohort included 4231 newborns from hospital births in Pelotas, Brazil. A digital automatic OMRON sphygmomanometer (model HEM 742) was used to measure blood pressure on 3 occasions (at 6, 11, and 15 years of age). Those with blood pressure ≥95th percentile for age, height, and sex on each of the 3 occasions were considered as presenting HBP. Independent variables included family (income and history of arterial hypertension), maternal (schooling, age, pregestational body mass index, and smoking during pregnancy), and adolescent characteristics at birth (sex, skin color, gestational age, intrauterine growth, and systolic and diastolic genetic factors), and at 15 years (sleep, physical activity, sodium intake, screen time, work, body mass index, fat mass index, fat-free mass index, growth pattern, and puberty status). The prevalence of HBP (95% CI) was calculated. Crude and adjusted odds ratios (ORs) stratified by sex were obtained by logistic regression. A total of 1417 adolescents with complete information on blood pressure on the 3 occasions were analyzed. The prevalence of HBP was 3.2% (95% CI, 1.9%-4.5%) in female adolescents and 4.3% (95% CI, 2.8%-5.8%) in male adolescents. Female adolescents with a family history of arterial hypertension had a 3 times higher chance of HBP than their counterparts (OR, 3.1 [95% CI, 1.26-7.54]). In male adolescents, excessive maternal pregestational weight was associated with a 2.3-fold increase in the chance of HBP. In both sexes, excessive adolescent weight was associated with HBP (ORs, 3.5 and 5.0, for female and male adolescents, respectively). A higher fat mass index and fat-free mass index in female (ORs, 1.4 and 1.2, respectively) and male adolescents (ORs, 2.5 and 3.0, respectively) increased the chance of HBP. Among male adolescents, the chance of HBP was higher among those with rapid weight gain between 48 months and 6 years and between 6 and 11 years and rapid height gain between 6 and 11 years. Higher fat mass in both sexes and rapid weight gain in male adolescents are risk factors for HBP in adolescents aged 15 years, potentially amenable to prevention.

High Blood Pressure amongst Adolescents in Lagos, South West Nigeria

Adolescent high blood pressure (HBP), now a growing significant health problem with lasting consequences on cardiovascular health, was considered rare at a time. Several end-organ complications could occur if this asymptomatic condition is uncontrolled, and tracks into adulthood. The 2004 Fourth Report was developed to address the cumbersome challenges in the detection of adolescent hypertension. &#x0D; Aims: This study sought to determine high blood pressure prevalence amongst adolescents in Mushin Local Government Area (LGA) using the 2004 Fourth report.&#x0D; Study Design: Cross-sectional study.&#x0D; Place and Duration of Study: Fourteen secondary schools, in Mushin Local Government Area (LGA) between August 2020 and December 2020.&#x0D; Methodology: A two-stage sampling method was utilized in selecting 14 secondary schools. Within selected schools; participants were recruited from each class by proportional allocation using the school’s register. Students were stratified as males and females using the class register. Subjects were selected from each stratum by simple random sampling method. We included 1490, (744 male, 746 female), 10-19 years old students. A structured proforma was used to obtain socio-demographic information and relevant clinical data. The blood pressure measurements were taken according to standard protocol (elevated blood pressure is systolic and/or diastolic pressure ≥ 90th but ≤ 95th percentile for age, gender and height). Descriptive data was used to describe socio-demographic and anthropometric characteristics. Frequency, percentages, mean and standard deviation were used to summarize categorical and numerical variables. P-values of 0.5 was termed significant&#x0D; Results: Among the 1490 subjects, 49.9% (744) were male and 50.1% (746) females (male: female ratio was 1: 1). Prevalence, of high blood pressure, elevated pressure and hypertension were 14.5% (number =216), 6.1% (number =92), and 8.4% (number =124). The prevalence of high blood pressure rose progressively with the age group in the early and mid adolescent age group, while the prevalence was lowest in the oldest age group.&#x0D; Conclusions: Adolescent hypertension, elevated blood pressure, high blood pressure, prevalence, was high. Development of cardiovascular complications could be obviated by early detection, life style modification and treatment.

To Estimate the Prevalence of Obesity and High Blood Pressure among Undergraduate Students at a University Medical Institution in North India.

Background: Hypertension is a major public health issue in India. Early detection and management of high blood pressure (BP) is crucial, especially among young adults. This study aimed to estimate the prevalence of obesity and hypertension among undergraduate medical students. Materials and methods: A cross-sectional study was conducted among 450 first year undergraduate medical students aged 18-25 years in S.M.S. Medical and Hospital Jaipur, Rajasthan after clearance from institutional ethics committee and written consent from participants. Anthropometric measurements like height, weight, BMI, waist circumference, hip circumference and blood pressure were recorded. Hypertension was defined as per JNC VIII guidelines. Data was analyzed using appropriate statistical tests. Results: Overall, 15.56% students were hypertensive and 40.67% were prehypertensive. Hypertension was more prevalent in males (18.83%) compared to females (12.33%) (p = 0.002). Overweight/obesity was present in 29.33% students, more common in males (37.67%) than females (21.15%) (p < 0.001). Obese students had higher rates of prehypertension (47%) and hypertension (28.8%). Abnormal waist-hip ratio and waist-stature ratio were significantly associated with hypertension (p < 0.001). Conclusion: Overweight/obesity and hypertension are highly prevalent among undergraduate medical students, especially males. Unhealthy lifestyles and risk factors need to be addressed to prevent long term morbidity. Routine screening and health promotion activities should be conducted for this high risk group. How to cite this article: Sharda K, Saxena P, Yadav SK, et al. To Estimate the Prevalence of Obesity and High Blood Pressure among Undergraduate Students at a University Medical Institution in North India. J Assoc Physicians India 2023;71(11):30-35.

The Relationship Between Physical Activity And Hypertension Among The Elderly In The Muhammadiyah Regional Leadership (Pdm) Of Sleman

Background: Hypertension, commonly referred to as high blood pressure, stands as a leading non-communicable disease responsible for a significant number of global fatalities and health issues. This condition constitutes a primary risk factor for various health complications, including heart disease, stroke, kidney disorders, and dementia. Hypertension frequently develops without noticeable symptoms, earning it the moniker "The Silent Killer." The prevalence of high blood pressure continues to increase, and low levels of physical activity are still a problem in Indonesia. Objective: The objective of this research was to examine the association between attributes such as age, gender, educational attainment, occupation, smoking habits, Body Mass Index (BMI), and physical activity concerning hypertension within the elderly population affiliated with the Muhammadiyah Regional Leadership (PDM) of Sleman. Method: The research utilized a descriptive methodology with a cross-sectional approach. Purposive sampling was employed to select a sample size of 120 elderly participants as respondents. Statistical analysis was conducted using the Chi-square Test. Results: The analysis findings indicate that most of the respondents display the following attributes: 45% are aged between 49 and 59 years, 87.5% are females, 45.8% have a secondary education, 45.8% are obese, 90% are non-smokers, 54.2% have a low level of physical activity, and 81.7% are diagnosed with stage 1 hypertension. There is a notable association between the level of physical activity and the prevalence of hypertension (p-value = 0.000). Conclusion: A connection exists between physical activity and hypertension among the elderly in the Muhammadiyah Regional Leadership (PDM) of Sleman.

Association between sleep duration and high blood pressure in Lithuanian adolescents

Abstract Background Sufficient sleep duration in children plays an essential role in physical, mental, and emotional development. High blood pressure (HBP) is growing public health problem in youth. The aim of this study was to evaluate the association between short sleep duration (SSD) and HBP in Lithuanian adolescents aged 11-18 years. Methods The cross-sectional study was conducted from 2019 to 2020 in Kaunas district, Lithuania. HBP was defined according to the 2017 AAP guidelines. Sleep duration was calculated from the time of going to bed to the time of waking up. SSD was defined as sleeping &amp;lt;8 h/day. Multivariate logistic regression was used to calculate aORs and 95% CI. Results The present analysis included 1368 subjects (723 boys and 645 girls) with a mean age of 13.96±1.76 years. Overall, the prevalence of HBP was 43.6% (51.3% for boys and 34.9% for girls). Overall, 21.7% of the subjects reported sleep duration of 7- &amp;lt; 8 h/day, and 11.3% - &amp;lt;7 h/day. In the total sample, after adjustment for sex, BMI, breakfast consumption, and parental smoking, significant associations were found between SSDs and HBP (7-&amp;lt;8 h/day: aOR=1.47; 95% CI, 1.12-1.95; P = 0.006, and &amp;lt;7 h/day: aOR=1.52; 95% CI, 1.05-2.20; P = 0.025), compared to subjects who were sleeping ≥8 h/day. In boys, after adjustment for potential confounders, SSDs were associated with higher odds of HBP (7-&amp;lt;8 h/day: aOR=1.94; 95% CI, 1.30-2.89; P = 0.001, and &amp;lt;7 h/day: aOR=2.35; 95% CI, 1.35-4.12; P = 0.003). There was no significant association between SSD and HBP among girls. Conclusions Our study showed that SSD was significantly associated with increased odds of HBP in Lithuanian adolescents, especially in boys. Public health strategies should focus more on prevention of modifiable cardiovascular disease risk factors. Key messages • Sufficient sleep duration is important for adolescents’ health and may contribute to reduce the risk of cardiovascular disease. • Future prospective studies are needed to confirm these findings.

Associations between tri-ponderal mass index, body mass index, and high blood pressure among children and adolescents: a cross-sectional study

High blood pressure (HBP) and obesity are major public health issues globally. The aim of the study was to evaluate the associations between tri-ponderal mass index (TMI) and body mass index (BMI) and HBP and to determine which anthropometric parameters may best predict HBP among Lithuanian children and adolescents aged 7–18 years. This cross-sectional study included 3710 Lithuanian children and adolescents aged 7–18 (52.7% boys and 47.3% girls). Each subject’s height, weight, and other anthropometric parameters, as well as blood pressure were measured according to standardized protocols; subsequently, TMI and BMI were calculated. The prevalence of HBP was 27% (the prevalence of elevated BP and hypertension was 13.7% and 13.3%, respectively), significantly higher for boys than for girls. The Pearson correlation coefficients between the BMI z-score and BP were higher than those between the TMI z-score and BP. In both sexes combined, the adjusted odds ratios (aOR) for HBP were increased significantly with increasing quartiles of TMI and BMI as compared to the first quartile (Q1) (Q2: aOR = 1.37 and aOR = 1.69; Q3: aOR = 2.10 and aOR = 2.27; Q4: aOR = 3.95 and aOR = 4.91, respectively). Significant associations also were observed between overweight and obesity (defined according to two methods: age- and sex-specific TMI percentiles and IOTF criteria) among boys and girls separately. BMI presented a higher area under the curve value than TMI for predicting HBP in children and adolescents. The findings of the study suggest that BMI and TMI are significantly associated with HBP. However, BMI is a better predictor for HBP than TMI among Lithuanian children and adolescents aged 7–18 years.

Feasibility and Outcomes of Meta Salud Diabetes Behavioral Health Intervention: A Pilot Study of a Community Health Worker-Administered Educational Intervention to Prevent Cardiovascular Disease and Its Complications among Hispanic Patients with Type-2 Diabetes.

Hispanics in the United States experience a greater burden of type-2 diabetes (T2D), with a prevalence rate (17%) more than twice that of non-Hispanic whites (8%). Cardiovascular disease (CVD) is the leading cause of death among people with T2D. A culturally appropriate behavioral health intervention that addresses healthy lifestyle promotion is an impactful approach for health systems with scarce medical resources and a high prevalence of chronic conditions, including obesity and high blood pressure, which increase the likelihood of CVD mortality among type-2 diabetics. To assess the feasibility and outcomes of a behavioral intervention to decrease CVD and complications in a Hispanic diabetic population. Meta Salud Diabetes (MSD), a behavioral intervention effective in a Mexican population, consists of a 13-week intervention addressing CVD and T2D knowledge and risk reduction. It was implemented in a sample of Hispanic diabetic patients from two federally qualified health centers (FQHCs). Clinical and behavioral variables were measured at baseline, postintervention, and 1-year follow-up. The feasibility of MSD was rated as successful by all FQHC staff and well-received by both staff and study participants, with positive remarks about the culturally relevant components of the intervention. The sample size was n = 30 (baseline), n = 23 (postintervention), and n = 19 (1-year follow-up). Of note, quantitative results showed trending decreases in Hba1c (7.06; 6.80; 6.30), blood pressure (132/83; 126/80; 123/78), and total cholesterol (160; 159; 154). MSD is a feasible intervention and can address the need to improve health outcomes among Hispanic patients with T2D.