Prevalence Of Gastroesophageal Reflux Disease Research Articles

Gastroesophageal reflux disease in nurse practice

Gastroesophageal reflux disease (GERD) is characterized by a large number of clinical manifestations, including asymptomatic and extraesophageal manifestations, so the interest in this nosology of doctors of various specialties is huge. Gastroesophageal reflux disease is considered by modern gastroenterologists as one of the most urgent problems of diseases of the digestive tract. The prevalence of GERD in Western Europe is 10–20%, in Russia – 22,7%, and in Moscow – 23,6% [1]. Studies show that the incidence of this pathology is steadily increasing (annual increase of about 5%). The importance of gastroesophageal reflux disease is determined by its clinical significance, in particular, the possibility of the existence of so-called extraesophageal manifestations, as well as the lack of effectiveness of existing methods of treatment. All this causes close attention of gastroenterologists to the study of pathophysiological and clinical problems of gastroesophageal reflux disease.

Prevalence and Associated Factors of Gastroesophageal Reflux Disease After Laparoscopic Sleeve Gastrectomy.

Objectives To determine the prevalence of gastroesophageal reflux disease (GERD) after laparoscopic sleeve gastrectomy (LSG) and associated factors. Methods A cross-sectional study was conducted in different regions around the Kingdom of Saudi Arabia between 2022 and 2023. The questionnaire was distributed among patients who underwent LSG at different periods, ranging from six months to more than two years. The questionnaire comprised a risk factor assessment and the GERD-Health-Related Quality of Life (GERD-HRQL) questionnaire. Results A total of 387 participants with a mean age of 35.7±10.95 were included. The study included 225 females (58.1%) and 162 males (41.9%). The mean preoperative body mass index (BMI) was 44.36±8.07 kg/m2, which decreased to 28.78±6.31 kg/m2 postoperatively. Notably, dissatisfaction with general health surged from 17 (24.6%) preoperatively to 165 (42.6%) postoperatively. Despite no significant difference in GERD-HRQL scores in the group who had preoperative symptoms,282 (72.9%) reported experiencing heartburn, and 289 (74.7%) reported bloatingpostoperatively. Postoperatively, 203 (52.5%) reported improved quality of life. Moreover, changes in BMI were strongly correlated with heartburn, dysphagia, odynophagia, and bloating. The postoperative prevalence of GERD was 355 (91.7%), with 318 (82.2%) of participants reporting new-onset symptoms. Sex (P=0.013), age (P=0.024), and hypercholesterolemia (P=0.046) were significantly associated with postoperative GERD severity. Conclusions The majority of participants developed GERD symptoms following surgery, with a significant proportion reporting new-onset symptoms. Sex, age, and hypercholesterolemia have emerged as significant factors for postoperative GERD severity.

Prevalence and risk factors of gastro-esophageal reflux disease among college students at a public university in Riyadh, Saudi Arabia

ABSTRACT Background: Gastroesophageal reflux disease (GERD) is one of the most prevalent gastrointestinal disorders worldwide. It manifests when the lower esophageal sphincter malfunctions, causing the stomach’s contents to reflux into the esophagus, lead to discomforting symptoms. Heartburn and regurgitation are the typical symptoms of GERD. This study aims to determine the prevalence of GERD and assess its risk factors. Materials and Methods: This cross-sectional study was conducted at IMSIU, Saudi Arabia. An online survey was distributed to the students’ email addresses to determine the prevalence of GERD, its related risk factors, and understanding of its symptoms. Results: One thousand five hundred and thirty-three (1533) students participated in the survey. The prevalence of GERD was 34.6%. The majority (79.7%) of the respondent students had heard of GERD. Stress is believed to be a factor in developing GERD by 35.7% of students. Heartburn was the predominant symptom of GERD (76.2%). No association existed between the socio-demographic traits of those with GERD except for age and academic year. Conclusions: It is imperative to raise public awareness of the disorder’s characteristics and its modifiable risk factors to prevent the emergence of GERD and its complications.

COVID-19 Pandemic is Associated With Increased Prevalence of GERD and Decreased GERD-related Quality of Life: Analysis From 9800 Participants in the Indonesian GERD-Q Study.

The prevalence of gastroesophageal reflux disease (GERD) is expected to increase during the pandemic due to unexpected, sudden lifestyle changes such as decreased physical activity and worsening mental conditions. Here, we aim to explore the difference in the prevalence of GERD and GERD-related quality of life (QoL) in Indonesia during the COVID-19 pandemic compared with before the COVID-19 pandemic. Retrospective analysis of the Indonesian GERD Questionnaire study, a cross-sectional study utilizing an online form of the GERD Questionnaire, was done to compare the prevalence of GERD between March 2, 2018 to March 1, 2020 (prepandemic group) and March 2, 2020 to March 1, 2022 (pandemic group). The prevalence odds ratios between the 2 groups were calculated using χ2. A total of 9800 participants were included in the analysis; 1807 and 7993 were allocated to the pandemic and prepandemic groups, respectively. The prevalence of GERD in the pandemic and prepandemic groups were 67.9% and 61.8%, respectively (prevalence odds ratio: 1.31; 95% CI: 1.17-1.46). During the COVID-19 pandemic, the prevalence of GERD, heartburn, and those who reported impaired GERD-related quality of life increased. Regurgitation was the most common symptom reported by participants.

Association of gastroesophageal reflux disease with gastritis activity in schoolchildren living in a region with a high incidence of gastric and esophageal cancer

Aim. To study the activity of the inflammatory process in the gastric mucosa (GM) in gastroesophageal reflux disease (GERD) in schoolchildren living in a region with a high incidence of stomach and esophageal cancer. Material and methods. The transverse method in the Republic of Tyva collected data on the presence of gastroenterological complaints in 1535 schoolchildren aged 7-17 years. The main diagnostic criterion for GERD was the presence of weekly heartburn in the subjects. Subsequently, esophagogastroduodenoscopy was performed with the taking of biopsy material of the mucosa of the antrum and body of the stomach in 246 children. Morphological assessment of GM was carried out in accordance with the Sydney classification after staining biopsy sections with hematoxylin-eosin. Diagnosis of Helicobacter pylori was carried out after staining according to Giemsa. The studies were approved by the ethics committee and the consent of the examined was obtained. Results. Schoolchildren in Tyva have a high prevalence of GERD (9.5%). Associative relationship of GERD with gastritis activity, both in the body (p=0.7338) and in the antrum (p=0.2036) was not revealed. In the antrum, the activity of gastritis was higher than in the body of the stomach (p=0.0001). In children with GERD, when infected with Helicobacter pylori, there was an increase in activity, both in the antrum (p=0.0001) and in the body of the stomach (p=0.0159). At the same time, in children with GERD, the inflammatory process is associated with infection by a microorganism, regardless of its belonging to the Cag A strain. Conclusion. An association of GERD with highly active Helicobacter pylori associated gastritis has been established, regardless of whether the microorganism belongs to the Cag A strain.

Analyzing the correlation between gastroesophageal reflux disease and anxiety and depression based on ordered logistic regression

Numerous studies have indicated a connection between psychiatric symptoms, specifically anxiety and depression, and gastroesophageal reflux. However, the precise nature of the link between the severity of gastroesophageal reflux disease and the severity of anxiety and depression remains uncertain. Here, we gathered 24-h pH monitoring data and baseline patient information from a cohort of 518 individuals. Additionally, we evaluated their psychological well-being using the Hospital Anxiety and Depression Scale. The relationship between baseline characteristics and varying degrees of anxiety, depression, and gastroesophageal reflux disease (GERD) was assessed using R software version 4.1.3 and logistic regression models. The findings indicate a statistically significant variation in anxiety levels based on gender, as well as a significant disparity in depression groups when considering age and literacy levels. Kruskal–Wallis test analysis revealed a significant positive correlation between the severity of anxiety and depression and the 24-h pH monitoring results in our patient cohort. As the anxiety and depression levels increased, the rank mean for each examination result also increased. Logistic regression modeling analysis showed that a higher anxiety level was associated with a higher level of GERD. In the presence of mild anxiety, there is a statistically significant association with a higher incidence of GERD with an odds ratio (OR) of 2.64 (95% CI 1.50, 4.64). Similarly, the moderately severe anxiety group also exhibits a causal relationship with an increased GERD incidence, with an OR of 6.84 (95% CI 3.92, 12.17). Additionally, moderate to severe depression is associated with a higher incidence of GERD, with an OR of 2.32 (95% CI 1.23, 4.37). The prevalence of GERD was greater among males compared to females (OR 2.29, 95% CI 1.51–3.49). Additionally, an elevated body mass index (BMI) demonstrated a positive correlation with the susceptibility to GERD (OR 1.07, 95% CI 1.01–1.14). Increasing age may promote the occurrence of GERD in patients. These findings may help to provide a better basis for psychological or pharmacological interventions for GERD patients with psychosomatic symptoms in the future, and provide a reference basis for clinical treatment of the disease.

THERAPEUTIC APPROACHES FOR ACID REDUCTION IN PATIENTS ADMITTED TO INTENSIVE CARE UNITS WITH A HISTORY OF GASTROESOPHAGEAL REFLUX DISEASE AT A TERTIARY CARE HOSPITAL IN PAKISTAN.

Introduction: Although the prevalence of gastroesophageal reflux disease (GERD) in intensive care units is still unknown, the condition is on the rise all over the world. Patients in critical condition are especially susceptible to gastroesophageal reflux disease (GERD) because of the many procedures and underlying illnesses they undergo. Pepsin levels in oral secretions, ambulatory monitoring, and pH measurement are among procedures that can be utilized in the diagnostic process. The most popular treatment methods consist of adjusting one's lifestyle and using medicine, mainly proton pump inhibitors (PPIs). Methodology: An analysis of data collected from 96 critically sick patients who were getting acid-lowering medication was carried out in retrospective research that was carried out at a tertiary care hospital in AJK, Pakistan between June and December 2023. Results: Most patients were being treated in medical intensive care units (MICU), and the medications that were prescribed the most frequently were omeprazole and esomeprazole. Omeprazole and antacids were the primary maintenance medications that were administered at the time of discharge. Patients who were diagnosed with gastroesophageal reflux disease (GERD) and those who were undergoing mechanical ventilation made up a sizeable share, with most of them receiving intravenous proton pump inhibitors (PPIs). Both potassium-competitive acid blockers and omeprazole were shown to have equivalent levels of treatment efficacy, according to the findings. Conclusion: Most of trials in past have established esomeprazole being highlighted as having superiority in certain studies. On the other hand, newer possibilities such as GABA-B agonist baclofen and P-CABs offer potential lines of investigation. Even though developing medicines require more exploration for routine management, intravenous proton pump inhibitors (PPIs) continue to be the primary emergency treatment for gastroesophageal reflux disease (GERD) in critical care.

Community-based Descriptive Cross-sectional Study on Prevalence, Clinical Manifestation, Beliefs and Management Approach of Gastroesophageal Reflux Disease (GERD) Among Young Bangladeshi Population

Despite being a common public health problem, there are few population-based research available to learn about the epidemiology and management of gastrointestinal reflux disease (GERD) in Bangladesh. The tenacity of this study was to investigate the prevalence, potential predisposing factors, clinical representation, therapeutic management of GERD among the young Bangladeshi population along with their beliefs regarding the disease. A descriptive cross-sectional study was conducted during 13th June 2022 to 10th December 2022 among 925 individuals (16-35 years of age) from various parts of Bangladesh. A standardized online questionnaire in both English and the local language (Bengali) was utilized to collect all the desired data that were analyzed using either Microsoft Excel 2019 or, IBM SPSS Statistics, v26.0. The prevalence of GERD was 55.7% which was not significantly associated with different sociodemographic parameters. However, family history (Odds ratio (OR) = 2.512), irregular meal (OR = 1.527) and spicy/junk food (OR = 1.495) were significantly associated with GERD prevalence in binary logistic regression analysis. Heart burn (94.0%) and regurgitation (83.3%) were the major symptoms observed and the average number of symptoms was higher in patients with relevant family history (p < 0.0005). Omeprazole (42.5%) was the most used medication to treat GERD followed by other proton pump inhibitors and H2 blockers. Self-medication was practiced by 52.6% of the patients which was associated with duration of treatment (p < 0.0005). The study has found a high prevalence of GERD in Bangladesh. Family history, irregular meal and spicy/junk foods have been identified as potential risk factors and only half the participants had the right belief regarding the effectiveness of lifestyle modification against GERD. Further cohort studies are advised to solidify the findings of this study. Bangladesh Pharmaceutical Journal 27(1): 19-36, 2024 (January)

Risk factors for gastroesophageal reflux disease: a population-based study.

Gastroesophageal reflux disease (GERD) in the long term reduces the quality of life, leading to digestive diseases. The present study aims to determine the risk factors for GERD. This study was conducted on 9,631 adults aged 35-65 years. The demographic characteristics, behavioral habits, nutritional intake, physical activity, anthropometric indices, and GERD data were extracted from the databank related to the Ravansar non-communicable diseases (RaNCD). Statistical analysis was performed using logistic regression models. The prevalence of GERD was 10.99% (n = 1,058). The GERD was higher among older age and women. After adjusting for age and sex, the odds of GERD among current smokers was 23% higher than non-smokers. Drinking increased odds of GERD (OR: 1.51; 95% CI: 1.13, 1.99). The odds of GERD among depressed individuals were 46% higher than non-depressed. In addition, a significant relationship was observed between the high intake of sweets and desserts with increased GERD (OR: 1.02, 95% CI: 1.01, 1.03). Further, high intake of fiber (OR: 0.98, 95% CI: 0.97, 0.99) and dairy (OR: 0.99, 95% CI: 0.98, 0.99) was related to reducing the odds of GERD. Furthermore, a significant relationship was reported between the waist hip ratio (WHR) and visceral fat area (VFA) with increased odds of GERD. Finally, the physical activity level was inversely related to GERD. Based on the results, smoking, alcohol, inactivity, high intake of sweets and desserts, low intake of fiber, depression, visceral fat, and obesity are considered as risk factors for GERD. Modifying lifestyle and behavioral habits prevent GERD.

Obesity is associated with higher prevalence of gastroesophageal reflux disease and reflux related complications: A global healthcare database study.

Prior studies have demonstrated that obesity may be associated with the development of gastroesophageal reflux disease (GERD) and GERD-related complications. However, such association has never been assessed in a global-wide real-world patient population. The TriNetX electronic health records network, which involves 92 healthcare organizations in 12 countries, was utilized for this multicenter global health research network study. The cohort with obesity comprised adult patients with body mass index (BMI) of more than 30 kg/m2. We performed 1:1 propensity score matching to decrease confounders effects. The prevalence of GERD and GERD-related complications including erosive esophagitis, Barrett's esophagus (BE), BE with dysplasia, and esophageal adenocarcinoma were assessed. A total of 2,356,548 patients were included in the obesity and non-obesity groups after propensity score matching. In the group with obesity, patients had a significantly higher prevalence of GERD (30% vs. 24%, OR 1.35, 95% CI 1.34-1.36) compared to the group without obesity. Further analysis showed a higher prevalence of GERD-related complications in the group with obesity with statistical significance: Erosive esophagitis (OR 1.07, 95% CI 1.05-1.08), Barrett's esophagus (1.08, 1.05-1.10), BE with dysplasia (1.11, 1.04-1.18), esophageal cancer (1.32, 1.15-1.51). Globally, obesity was associated with a higher prevalence of GERD and GERD-related complications.

The prevalence of gastroesophageal reflux disease and laryngopharyngeal reflux in patients with dysphagia after radiotherapy for nasopharyngeal carcinoma.

The prevalence of gastroesophageal reflux disease (GERD) and laryngopharyngeal reflux (LPR) in post-irradiated patients with nasopharyngeal carcinoma (NPC) is unknown. In a cross-sectional study, 31 NPC and 12 control patients completed questionnaires for GERD/LPR before esophageal manometry and 24-h pH monitoring. The DeMeester score and reflux finding score (RFS) were used to define GERD and LPR, respectively. Risk factors were identified. 51.6% of NPC and 8.3% of control patients, and 77.4% of NPC and 33% of control patients, were GERD-positive and LPR-positive, respectively. The GERD/LPR questionnaire failed to identify either condition in patients with NPC. No parameter differences in esophageal manometry or pneumonia incidence were noted between GERD/LPR-positive and GERD/LPR-negative patients. Post radiotherapy duration, high BMI, lack of chemotherapy, and dysphagia were positive risk factors for GERD/LPR. A high prevalence of GERD/LPR in patients with post-irradiated NPC exists, but reflux symptoms are inadequate for diagnosis.

Multidisciplinary Approach To The Problem Of Managing Children With Frequent Respiratory Infections Of The Upper Respiratory Tract: Key Results

Background. Recurrent upper respiratory diseases in children are an urgent and common issue in pediatrics. Comorbidities often lead to prolonged, complicated, or chronic course of the inflammatory process in the upper airways.Objective. The aim of the study — scientific evidence and complex technology development for the management of children with recurrent upper respiratory diseases according to implemented multidisciplinary personalized approach, complex of modern methods for diagnosing and health monitoring to achieve long-term remission.Materials and methods. The study included 115 children aged from 2 years 6 months to 17 years 11 months with recurrent upper respiratory diseases. Examination included: nasal cavity, nasopharynx and larynx endoscopy, abdomen ultrasound with aqueous-siphon test, tympanometry, and laboratory tests (total and specific IgE levels, antistreptolysin-O, microbiological study of nasopharynx and oropharynx discharge, enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay of feces on Helicobacter pylori.Results. The study has revealed high prevalence of associated allergic pathology in children with recurrent upper respiratory diseases. Allergic rhinitis was the most common (55 (48%) children). There was also a high prevalence of gastroesophageal reflux disease (GERD) (37 (32%) children). Clinical signs of GERD were revealed in patients with chronic diseases significantly more often than in children with acute ENT pathology (27 (38%) and 10 (23%) children, respectively). It confirms the role of this comorbid condition in the development and course of chronic inflammatory process of the upper airways. Obtained data analysis has shown high prevalence of allergic and gastrointestinal pathology in children with recurrent upper respiratory diseases. Diagnostic and management algorithm for patients with recurrent upper respiratory diseases as well as practical guidelines were prepared based on the study data. This algorithm will allow to implement the personalized multidisciplinary approach for the management of prior and comorbid diseases via modern informative diagnostic methods. The complex approach to timely physical examination and pathogenetic treatment will ensure control of the patient’s condition and prevent the development of chronic ENT organ pathology in children.

Gastroesophageal Reflux Disease and Weight Loss After Fundoplication Sleeve Gastrectomy: a Systematic Review and Meta-analysis.

Fundoplication sleeve gastrectomy (FSG) is a novel bariatric procedure that combines anti-reflux fundoplication with sleeve gastrectomy (SG) to simultaneously address gastroesophageal reflux disease (GERD) and obesity. We performed a systematic review and meta-analysis to quantify the prevalence of postoperative GERD and amount of weight loss after FSG. We searched PubMed, Embase, and Web of Science Core Collection in May 2023 for full-text reports of case series, registries, cohort studies, and randomized clinical trials that reported postoperative GERD and percent excess weight loss (%EWL) after FSG for patients with preoperative GERD and obesity, excluding reports including patients with previous history of bariatric procedures. We used random effects models to estimate postoperative GERD prevalence and %EWL. Risk of bias and evidence quality were assessed with the ROBINS-I and GRADE frameworks (PROSPERO CRD42023420067). Of the 935 records initially identified, 13 studies from 8 countries met our inclusion criteria. The prevalence of postoperative GERD pooled from 418 patients was 4.8% (95% CI: 2.8 to 8.4%). Pooled %EWL, available for 225 patients from 7 studies, was 67.8% (95% CI: 55.2 to 80.5). The overall quality of evidence was low, largely due to observational study design, lack of blinded outcome assessment, and evidence of publication bias. Fundoplication sleeve gastrectomy is an emerging surgical approach for patients with obesity and GERD with promising initial outcomes. Additional studies of efficacy and safety are needed to compare FSG and its technical variations with other weight loss procedures.

Relationship between burning mouth disorder and gastroesophageal reflux disease: A scoping review

AbstractObjectiveThis study aims to provide a scoping review and attempts to uncover the possible association between burning mouth disorder and gastroesophageal reflux disease.MethodsPubMed, EMBASE, Web of Science, the Cochrane Library, Ovid, Scopus, and a search platform (EBSCOhost) were searched from their inception to August 22, 2023.ResultsAfter screening 2795 records, 18 articles were included in the final review, comprising cross‐sectional studies (n = 9), case–control studies (n = 5), case reports (n = 2), case series (n = 1), and experimental study (n = 1). The prevalence of gastroesophageal reflux disease and its extraesophageal manifestations of laryngopharyngeal reflux in burning mouth patients was reported 3.39%–23.4% and 50%–93.8%, respectively, while oral burning was reported in 9%–45% of patients with gastroesophageal reflux disease. In case–control studies, gastroesophageal reflux disease was more prevalent in patients with burning mouth disorder compared with controls. Burning mouth would be resolved after antireflux therapy in laryngopharyngeal reflux patients in case series. PH value and saliva alternation might be the possible mechanisms.ConclusionThe possibility of the correlation between burning mouth disorder and gastroesophageal reflux disease still needs to be clearly demonstrated through better‐conducted studies. The link between them is worth to be explored in future research.

Сучасні уявлення про вплив гормонів щитоподібної залози на розвиток і перебіг гастроезофагеальної рефлюксної хвороби

The problem of gastroesophageal reflux disease (GERD) remains one of the most relevant in modern gastroenterology. In recent decades, there has been a tendency to increase in the incidence of GERD especially among young people. Symptoms of GERD occur in almost half of the adult population. The main symptom of GERD — intermittent heartburn, which significantly reduces the quality of life, noted in up to 40% of residents of industrialized countries. However, the real prevalence of GERD in the population has not been studied enough due to the low rate of medical treatment seeking, frequent asymptomatic course as well as the course of the disease under masks, the so-called «esophageal» manifestations. At the same time, the number of patients with GERD with combined pathology is growing. One such disease is autoimmune thyroiditis (AIT). AIT — is one of the most common diseases of the thyroid gland. Autoimmune inflammatory process in the thyroid gland leads to the constant production of autoantibodies to thyroperoxidase or thyroglobulin and further leads to permanent destruction of the thyroid gland with the subsequent development of hypothyroidism. Early diagnosis of AIT allows to timely treatment and maintains thyroid function. Both of these diseases have several common pathogenetic mechanisms, the main of which are thyroid hormones that regulate motility and secretion of the gastrointestinal tract. The comorbid course of these pathologies aggravates and modifies the clinical picture each other. For today, the role of thyroid hormones in the mechanism of formation of motor-secretory disorders in patients with GERD with concomitant AIT, their impact on the peculiarities of the formation of psychosomatic status, as well as gender features of GERD and AIT remains unexplored.

Сучасне розуміння етіопатогенезу гастроезофагеальної рефлюксної хвороби: висвітлення ключових аспектів та перспектив

Gastroesophageal reflux disease (GERD) is one of the most common diseases among gastroenterological pathologies. The relevance of GERD is due not only to medical aspects, but also to economic ones, since the vast majority of patients are young working-age people. The prevalence of GERD ranges from 20% to 30% of the adult population. GERD is associated with a significant decrease in quality of life and the development of Baretta’s esophagus and esophageal adenocarcinoma. GERD is a chronic disease with spontaneous repetitive spillage of gastric or duodenal-gastric contents into the esophagus, with typical complaints of heartburn and regurgitation. The pathogenesis is complex and includes the following aspects: decreased tone of the lower esophageal sphincter, diaphragmatic hernia, impaired protective function of the esophageal mucosa and esophageal motility, and increased intra-abdominal pressure. Obesity plays a significant pathogenetic role in the development of GERD. Weight loss is associated with symptom relief and a reduced risk of complications. Diagnosis of GERD is based primarily on typical clinical symptoms and empirical trial therapy with PPI. Treatment includes lifestyle changes, medications, and surgery. Еndoscopy and pH monitoring additionally contribute to the correct diagnosis. Further research on pathogenetic mechanisms is needed to implement effective strategies for diagnosis, treatment and prevention of complications.

Patterns of diet‐related practices and symptoms of gastroesophageal reflux among high school students: A cross‐sectional study

Background: GERD is a gastrointestinal motility disorder characterized by the reflux of gastric contents into the esophagus, causing typical symptoms such as heartburn (a burning sensation in the epigastric region), acid regurgitation (a bitter taste in the mouth), nausea, and dysphagia, which can lead to esophageal mucosal damage. Over the long term, it can result in complications like Barrett's esophagus. The prevalence of GERD in Asia was approximately 2.5%-7.8% in 2014, generally lower compared to Western countries. However, recent data indicates an increasing prevalence. Poor dietary patterns, such as irregular eating habits, consuming low-nutrient foods, excessive or insufficient food intake, can elevate gastric acid production and affect an individual's health.Purpose: To determine the relationship between dietary patterns and symptoms of Gastroesophageal Reflux Disease (GERD) among vocational high school students.Method: A quantitative study was applied using correlation analysis with a cross-sectional study approach. The research was conducted at Vocational High School Bojonegoro in January 2023. The study population comprised 305 students in grade 12. The sampling technique employed was purposive sampling, with a sample size of 74 respondents. The measurement tool for dietary pattern variables was the FFQ questionnaire, and GERD symptoms were assessed using the GERD-Q questionnaire. Data analysis techniques included univariate analysis to describe the frequency distribution of each variable and bivariate analysis using the chi-square test to determine the relationship between dietary patterns and GERD symptoms among students.Results: Poor dietary patterns were found to cause GERD in 47 (97.9%) respondents, whereas good dietary patterns significantly minimized GERD; only 1 (2.1%) respondent experienced GERD symptoms in this study. The research resulted a value of ρ = 0.000 < α (0.05), indicating that the ρ value in this study was less than α (0.05) or below 0.05; thus, H0 was rejected. It can be concluded that there is a relationship between dietary patterns and GERD symptoms, with a correlation coefficient value of 0.542 (moderate) and a positive correlation direction.Conclusion: There is a significant relationship between dietary patterns and GERD symptoms. The correlation coefficient analysis also showed a figure of 0.542 (moderate) with a positive correlation direction, indicating that better dietary patterns lead to fewer respondents suffering from GERD.Suggestion: It is advisable for students to avoid consuming spicy foods, fast food, fried food, and high-sugar food or beverages. They should pay more attention to a balanced diet and timely meals. Additionally, the school authorities are encouraged to establish regulations or advisories to cafeteria owners to refrain from providing fast food, nutritionally poor food, carbonated drinks, spicy food, and other items that may contribute to digestive problems among students.

Diets including Animal Food Are Associated with Gastroesophageal Reflux Disease.

Gastroesophageal reflux disease (GERD) is a clinical condition with a prevalence of up to 25% in Western countries. Typical GERD symptoms include heartburn and retrosternal regurgitation. Lifestyle modifications, including diet, are considered a first-line therapeutic approach. To evaluate the impact of life habits on GERD in this cross-sectional study, we used data collected through an online survey from 1146 participants. GERD was defined according to the Montreal Consensus. For all participants, clinical and lifestyle characteristics were recorded. Overall, 723 participants (63.1%) consumed a diet including animal food (non-vegans), and 423 participants (36.9%) were vegans. The prevalence of GERD was 11% (CI 95%, 9-14%) in non-vegans and 6% (CI 95%, 4-8%) in vegans. In the multivariate analysis, after adjusting for confounding factors, subjects on a non-vegan diet were associated with a two-fold increase in the prevalence of GERD compared to vegans (OR = 1.96, CI 95%, 1.22-3.17, p = 0.006). BMI and smoking habits were also significantly associated with GERD. This study shows that an animal food-based diet (meat, fish, poultry, dairy, and eggs) is associated with an increased risk of GERD compared to a vegan diet. These findings might inform the lifestyle management of patients with GERD-related symptoms.

The Role of a Plant-Only (Vegan) Diet in Gastroesophageal Reflux Disease: Online Survey of the Italian General Population.

The relationship between food and the pathophysiological mechanisms of gastroesophageal reflux disease (GERD) is unclear. There are few data on the impact of dietary habits on GERD symptoms and on the incidence of GERD in subjects undergoing plant-based diets. In this study, we investigated the association between diet and GERD, using data collected through an online survey of the Italian general population. In total, 1077 subjects participated in the study. GERD was defined according to the Montreal Consensus. For all subjects age, gender, body mass index (BMI), marital status, education, occupation, alcohol consumption, and smoking habits were recorded. All participants also completed the SF-36 questionnaire on Quality of Life. A total of 402 subjects (37.3%) were vegans and 675 (62.7%) non-vegans. The prevalence of GERD in the total population was 9%. Subjects with GERD-related symptoms recorded a worse quality of life according to SF-36 analysis (p < 0.05 for all dimensions). In multivariate analysis, after adjusting for confounders, participants undergoing a vegan diet had a significantly lower risk of GERD (OR = 0.47, 95% CI 0.28-0.81, p = 0.006). These findings should be taken into account to inform the lifestyle management of GERD.

Study of gastroesophageal reflux. Interpretation of functional tests in the obese patient

Overweight and obesity are a public health problem and in 1997 obesity was recognized as a global epidemic by the World Health Organization (WHO). Overweight and obesity affect almost 60% of adults and one in three children in Europe according to the most recent WHO report. Objectively, gastroesophageal reflux disease (GERD) is defined as the presence of characteristic esophageal mucosal damage assessed by endoscopy and/or the demonstra-tion of pathological acid exposure by reflux monitoring studies. The prevalence of GERD is increased in obese patientsIn overweight and obese patients, the clinical symptoms of GERD are especially present in the supine position and this correlates with more frequent episodes of nocturnal reflux in the 24-h pH monitoring, there is also an increase in the number of refluxes with content acid. In the population with symptoms, digestive endoscopy detects data of erosive esophagitis in 50% of patients, while 24-h pH-impedanciometry diagnoses 92% of patients with non-erosive reflux disease (NERD)The presence of persistent GERD in the mucosa affects esophageal motility and patients may develop ineffective esophageal motility-type disorders, so we will review the interpre-tation of the functional tests that determine motility, which is esophageal manometry, and those that determine reflux gastroesophageal, acid and non-acid, which is the pH measure-ment with or without 24-h impedanciometry.