Prevalence Of Food Consumption Research Articles

Theoretical estimation of nitrates and nitrites intake from food additives by the Brazilian population

Sodium and potassium nitrates and nitrites are preservatives widely used in meat products and some cheese. They are important toxicologically but there is a lack of data on the exposure of the Brazilian population to these additives. This study aimed to verify the frequency of the use of nitrates and nitrites in processed foods in Brazil and to estimate their theoretical intake by the Brazilian population. A database was built of supermarket products containing nitrates, nitrites, and antioxidants. The Theoretical Maximum Daily Intake (TMDI) and TMDI balanced by the prevalence of food consumption (TMDI BPFC) were determined using consumption data from the Household Budget Surveys (2008/2009 and 2017/2018). The TMDI for nitrates and nitrites was lower than the Acceptable Daily Intake (ADI) for all population groups. Considering the prevalence of food consumption (consumers only), the TMDI BPFC values were lower than the ADI for nitrates (between 0.4 and 0.9 times the ADI) but very high values were obtained for nitrites (between 10 and 24 times the ADI). Our results suggest that the Brazilian population, especially some population groups, may be consuming unsafe amounts of nitrite. As a consequence, their health may be at risk.

Can the intake of synthetic food colour Amaranth (INS 123) put the health of Brazilian consumers at risk?

Amaranth is a synthetic red azo dye approved in several countries such as Canada, Australia and Brazil, but banned in the United States. There are few studies evaluating the exposure of the general population to this food colouring substance, in Brazil, specifically, there are virtually no data on its intake. This study aimed to estimate the Theoretical Maximum Daily Intake (TMDI) of the Brazilian population and to quantify Amaranth in foods that contribute the most to its consumption. Data on the presence of Amaranth were correlated with consumption data from National Household Budget Surveys carried out in 2008/2009 and 2017/2018, among people aged ten or older. The results show that the mean TMDI (mg/day) of Amaranth does not exceed the Acceptable Daily Intake (ADI) in any population group, it, however, may get as high as 66% of the ADI among teenagers. For the TMDI balanced by the prevalence of food consumption, that is, considering consumers only (eaters only, rather than the population mean), results show that the amounts can exceed the ADI in all population groups studied. The intake of Amaranth is higher among the younger population (adolescents) reaching up to three times the ADI in the worst-case scenario. The food groups which contribute the most to the intake of Amaranth, are ‘juices/artificial juices/reconstituted powdered juice mixes’ and ‘soft drinks’. Laboratory tests of powdered fruit mixes and soft drinks sold in the city of Porto Alegre (Brazil) show that 17 out of 20 samples tested exceeded the limit set by Brazilian regulations (5 mg/100 mL in the final product). Results show that the intake of Amaranth by the different Brazilian populations may pose a health hazard to several population groups.

Prevalence of Food Consumption and Diversification Among People having Lifestyle Diseases

Lifestyle diseases are the serious threat among adults. Most of the people in India aresuffering from more than one form of diseases mainly type II diabetes mellitus,hypertension, obesity, constipation etc. To combat this, one of the foremost ways is totake proper food at apparent time in adequate amount. For the study, 40 subjects (21male and 19 female) above 45 years were selected from Pusa block or university campuson the basis of occurrence of lifestyle diseases. Proper schedule was prepared consistingquestionnaire related to their general information, food habits, anthropometric details,physiological and biochemical parameters. Information collected through personal interview.Dietary intake of both the subjects was recorded by using 24 h dietary recall method for 2consecutive days. However, observed value of dietary nutrient (energy, protein, total fat,carbohydrates and sodium) intake were more than the recommended because ofoverconsumption. Therefore, only good nutrition and healthy lifestyle that is properbalanced diet, physical exercise, adequate sleep, reduced stress, well-adjusted biologicalclock, avoidance of fast and processed foods etc. will be followed by people regularlywhich helps to defeat the lifestyle consequences.

Estimation of theoretical intake of synthetic food colours Azorubine, Erythrosine, Indigotine, and Ponceau 4R by the Brazilian population

There are very few studies evaluating the exposure of the general population to food colours. This study aimed to estimate the Theoretical Maximum Daily Intake (TMDI) by the Brazilian population of four rather seldom-used synthetic food colours: Azorubine, Erythrosine, Indigotine, and Ponceau 4R. The study was conducted using data from the two most recent National Household Budget Surveys (carried out in 2008/2009 and 2017/2018). The study covered the country’s population, sorted into the following groups: gender, geographic region, and age (among people older than 10 years). The results show that the mean TMDI (mg/day) does not exceed the Acceptable Daily Intake (ADI) in any population group for any of the food colours. The highest values found were 12.5% of the ADI for Erythrosine in 2008/2009 and 4% in 2017/2018. A decrease in the mean TMDI was observed for all food colours comparing 2008/2009 and 2017/2018. Intake increases with decreasing age, adolescents being the group with the highest mean TMDI. When considering the prevalence of food consumption instead of the mean consumption, TMDI gets closer to the ADI, reaching 79% of the ADI of Erythrosine for adolescent females. The intake of these food colours proved to be within the recommended levels.

Evolution of out-of-home food consumption in Brazil in 2008-2009 and 2017-2018.

ABSTRACTOBJECTIVE To describe the evolution of out-of-home food consumption in Brazil in 2008–2018.METHODS We used the 2008–2009 and 2017–2018 data from the Inquéritos Nacionais de Alimentação (INA - National Food Surveys), conducted amid 34,003 and 46,164 individuals, to estimate the frequency of out-of-home food consumption and the contribution of this consumption to specific foods. Food consumption was analyzed using food records in the 2008–2009 INA and 24-hour recalls in 2017–2018. Estimates were generated for Brazil in general, for urban and rural areas, for age groups (adolescent, adult, elderly), and for income bracket.RESULTS The frequency of out-of-home consumption decreased by 8.8% between the two surveys, with no change in the rural area, in the Northeast and South regions, and for the lowest income brackets. We observed a slight increase among the elderly and in the Midwest region. The contribution of out-of-home food consumption to daily energy intake also decreased (16.3% vs. 12.7%), excepting the rural area, where there was a reduction in the difference in relation to the urban area between the two surveys. For most items evaluated, the out-of-home food consumption decreased. The most consumed out-of-home food were alcoholic beverages, fried and baked snacks, soft drinks, pizza, sweets, and sandwiches in both surveys.CONCLUSION In 10 years, the prevalence of food consumption and the percentage of contribution of out-of-home food decreased in Brazil, but ultra-processed foods still figure as the most consumed food group outside the home.

Food consumption, overweight, obesity, and sociodemographic profile in a Brazilian capital: a time trend analysis between 2006 and 2018

ABSTRACT Objective To analyze the time trend of sociodemographic characteristics and the prevalence of food consumption, overweight, and obesity variables among adults in the city of Belo Horizonte, Brazil, between 2006 and 2018. Methods A time series study involving data from the Sistema de Vigilância de Fatores de Risco e Proteção para Doenças Crônicas por Inquérito Telefônico (Vigitel, Surveillance System of Risk and Protective Factors for Chronic Diseases by Telephone Survey), between 2006 and 2018 in Belo Horizonte (n=25,443). The annual prevalence of the population’s sociodemographic characteristics (sex, age groups, and years of schooling), and risk and protective factors for chronic diseases related to food consumption and nutritional status were estimated. Prais-Winsten regression models were used to investigate the temporal variation of each variable. Results From 2006 to 2018, there was a significant increase in the age and educational level of the adult population of Belo Horizonte. In the same period, the prevalence of recommended consumption of fruits and vegetables increased (from 23.0% to 29.2%), while that of consumption of fat-rich meat and regular consumption of soft drinks decreased (respectively, from 41.9% to 38.0%; from 35.3% to 15.2%). In parallel, the prevalence of overweight and obesity increased (respectively, from 38.5% to 53.3%; from 9.8% to 17.2%). Conclusions An important change in the population’s sociodemographic profile was noted. There are also favorable changes regarding the investigated aspects of food consumption, without these being sufficient to prevent the significant increase in the prevalence of overweight and obesity in the population.

Consumption of foods with voluntary fortification of micronutrients in southern Brazil: prevalence and associated factors.

To investigate the consumption of foods with voluntary fortification of vitamins and minerals (FVFVM) according to demographic, socio-economic and health characteristics. A cross-sectional population-based study. The investigated food groups were selected in two stages according to availability of food in the local market and prevalence of food consumption in a recent national survey. The research instruments included a questionnaire and a photographic catalogue. The FVFVM consumption covered a period of one week prior to the interview date. Statistical analyses were performed using Stata 12·0 statistical software package, considering the design effect and a hierarchical model. A multinomial logistic regression was applied to estimate the prevalence ratios. All tests were two-tailed, with a 5·0 % significance level. Adults (≥20 years old) living in a southern city of Brazil. Between February and June 2012, 2925 individuals were interviewed. Losses and refusals corresponded to 13·4 % of the sample. The overall prevalence of FVFVM consumption was 73·3 (95 % CI 71·7, 75·9) %. The total number of FVFVM reported exhibited a distribution with a median of two and a maximum of fifteen, inflated by the FVFVM categorized in the 'juice' group. The micronutrients most consumed were vitamin C, followed by Fe and thiamin. Young adults, females, those of higher socio-economic status and those who perceived their health positively were more likely to consume FVFVM. Prevalence of FVFVM consumption in southern Brazil, occurring concurrently with the decline in consumption of unprocessed and minimally processed foods, and the way voluntary fortification is being employed trigger a warning sign to primary prevention.