Prevalence Of Obesity In Females Research Articles

Obesity Epidemic in U.S. Prison Populations: A Meta-Analysis and Review of the Literature.

Limited existing evidence and health provider perceptions suggest that prevalence of obesity among incarcerated people residing in U.S. correctional institutions is high. Evaluating evidence of obesity and weight change during incarceration will allow for the determination of whether people are subject to weight gain during incarceration. A systematic review of three online databases, gray literature, and reference lists of articles of interest was conducted using the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses (PRISMA) checklist. A meta-analysis to obtain pooled prevalence estimates of obesity among U.S. incarcerated people was then completed. A total of 11 studies met our inclusion criteria. Results show the estimated pooled prevalence of obesity in incarcerated men (30.0%) was less than the national average. The estimated pooled prevalence of obesity in females (39.8%) was similar to the national average.

Significantly different roles of economic affluence in sex-specific obesity prevalence rates: understanding more modifications within female body weight management

Socioeconomic status has been associated with obesity prevalence increase in both males and females worldwide. We examined the magnitude of the difference between the two relationships and explored the independence of both relationships. Country specific data on gross domestic product (GDP) per capita, sex-specific obesity prevalence rates, urbanisation, total calories availability and level of obesity, genetic background accumulation (measured by the Biological State Index, Ibs) were obtained for 191 countries. Curvilinear regressions, bivariate and partial correlations, linear mixed models and multivariate linear regression analyses were used to examine the relationship between GDP and obesity prevalence rates in males and females respectively. Fisher’s r-to-z transformation, F-test and R2 increment in multivariate regression were used to compare results for males and females. GDP significantly correlated with sex-specific obesity prevalence rates, but significantly more strongly with male obesity prevalence in bivariate correlation analyses. These relationships remained independent of calories availability, Ibs and urbanization in partial correlation model. Stepwise multiple regression identified that GDP was a significant predictor of obesity prevalence in both sexes. Multivariate stepwise regression showed that, when adding GDP as an obesity prevalence predictor, the absolute increment of R2 in male fit model (0.046) was almost four (4) times greater than the absolute increment in female model fit (0.012). The Stepwise analyses also revealed that 68.0% of male but only 37.4% of female obesity prevalence rates were explained by the total contributing effects of GDP, Ibs, urbanization and calories availability. In both Pearson’s r and nonparametric analyses, GDP contributes significantly more to male obesity than to female obesity in both developed and developing countries. GDP also determined the significant regional variation in male, but not female obesity prevalence. GDP may contribute to obesity prevalence significantly more in males than in females regardless of the confounding effects of Ibs, urbanization and calories. This may suggest that aetiologies for female obesity are much more complex than for males and more confounders should be included in the future studies when data are available.

The Intersection of Maternal Metabolic Syndrome, Adverse Pregnancy Outcomes, and Future Metabolic Health for the Mother and Offspring.

The prevalence of obesity is ∼40% in the United States, and the prepregnancy prevalence of obesity in females is ∼30%. This has in part fueled an increase in metabolic syndrome (MetS) among females who are currently pregnant, have been pregnant, or are planning to become pregnant. Importantly, MetS in pregnancy is associated with increased pregnancy complications. Moreover, MetS in pregnancy may have long-lasting adverse cardiovascular and metabolic health implications for the mother and her offspring. To complicate matters, many adverse pregnancy outcomes seem to increase the risk of MetS in the mother after pregnancy. Herein, we describe the potential mechanisms behind the intersection of MetS, adverse pregnancy outcomes, and subsequent long-term disease in the mother and offspring. Because MetS is a cluster of coexisting conditions, it is challenging to identify mediators that can serve as biomarkers for early diagnosis and targets for MetS prevention and therapy.

Time trends of overweight and obesity among schoolchildren in Kuwait over a 13-year period (2007-2019): repeated cross-sectional study.

This study aimed to examine age-specific trends in the prevalence of overweight and obesity in schoolchildren in Kuwait over a 13-year period (2007 to 2019) using the WHO, the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC) and the International Obesity Taskforce (IOTF) definitions. Using cross-sectional approach, Kuwait Nutrition Surveillance System (KNSS) objectively measured weight and height of schoolchildren over a 13-year period. Log-binomial regression models were used to examine age-specific trends of obesity and overweight over the study period. Public primary, middle and high schools in all provinces of Kuwait. Schoolchildren aged 5-19 years (n 172 603). According to the WHO definition, the prevalence of overweight and obesity in schoolchildren, respectively, increased from 17·73 % and 21·37 % in 2007 to 20·19 % and 28·39 % in 2019 (Pfor trend < 0·001). There is evidence that the obesity in females (but not males) has levelled off in the period 2014-2019 according to the three definitions of obesity, which is corroborated by a similar trend in the mean of BMI-for-age Z-score. The prevalence of obesity and overweight in schoolchildren in Kuwait has risen over the last 13 years and trends are similar across all definitions. Obesity is no longer increasing at the same pace and there is evidence that the prevalence of obesity in females has plateaued. The current level of childhood overweight and obesity is too high and requires community-based and school-based interventions.

Adolescent obesity: An emerging public health crisis in an urban city in South-South Nigeria

In Nigeria, a prevalence of obesity of 4.2% has been reported among adolescents in a study in South-West Nigeria. Studies on the prevalence of obesity among adolescents have yielded different prevalence rates in different parts of the country. The present study was planned to determine the prevalence of obesity amongst apparently healthy adolescents aged 10-18 years in secondary schools in Uyo, as well as determine associated predisposing factors to obesity. This was a cross sectional school-based study of 1,701 adolescents selected by multi-stage sampling technique, carried out between December 2016 to February 2018. It involved measurement of weight, height and waist circumference of the study subjects, as well as administration of pretested questionnaires. Body Mass Index (BMI), Waist Circumference (WC) percentile and waist to height ratio of the subjects were determined. Data was analysed using SPSS version 20. Prevalence of obesity was determined and Chi Square was used to determine the relationship between qualitative variables. General obesity was defined as a BMI ≥95th percentile, while central obesity was defined as WtHR ≥0.5 or waist circumference ≥90th percentile for age and sex. Prevalence of general obesity was 5.6% while the prevalence of central obesity was 11.2% using WC percentile and 9% using WHtR. This study also revealed higher prevalence of obesity in females, adolescents from monogamous homes, as well as those whose parents are from the upper socio-class. It is recommended that routine measurement of the indices of adiposity and public health enlightenment measures aimed at reducing the burden of obesity amongst adolescents in Uyo be encouraged by public health authorities. The physicians should be encouraged to measure the indices of adiposity during consultations.

Memory and Executive Function in Adolescent and Young Adult Females with Moderate to Severe Obesity Before and After Weight Loss Surgery.

There is a global increase in the prevalence of severe obesity in females during adolescence, which is a critical period for neurocognitive development. An increasing number of adolescents and young adults are now undergoing weight loss surgery as a treatment strategy for obesity. In addition to metabolic complications, obesity has been linked to neurocognitive comorbidity, and studies exploring cognitive performance in adolescents with severe obesity and the impact of bariatric surgery on cognitive abilities are limited. Verbal memory and executive function were assessed cross-sectionally in 69 females with moderate to severe obesity and 24 females without obesity, 13-24 years old. In an exploratory analysis, cognitive changes were also assessed longitudinally over 12 months in a subset of 35 females with moderate to severe obesity following weight loss surgery (n = 21) or following usual care without surgery (n = 14). In cross-sectional analysis, females with moderate to severe obesity showed lower scores for short-term and long-term recall (verbal memory) and response inhibition and cognitive flexibility (executive function) than the comparison group, when adjusted for age and baseline intelligence. Females with moderate to severe obesity who underwent surgery showed significant weight loss but no improvement in verbal memory and executive function scores over 12 months compared with those who did not have surgery. Females with moderate to severe obesity demonstrate worse performance in tests of verbal memory and executive function than the comparison group without obesity. In addition, exploratory analyses provide no indication that weight loss surgery improves these observed cognitive decrements over a period of 12 months. Further studies are necessary to comprehensively evaluate changes in cognitive function following bariatric surgery.

The potential impact of an implemented income redistribution package on obesity prevalence in New Zealand.

This study quantified associations between (absolute and relative) individual income and obesity prevalence. These associations were then used to model the potential effect of a New Zealand (NZ) Government's income redistributive policy (the Families Package) on adult obesity prevalence. Logistic regressions were used to investigate associations between absolute individual income and adult obesity prevalence in NZ. Linear regressions were used to assess associations between relative income (income inequality measured by Gini) and obesity prevalence (from the NCD-RisC) for OECD countries. Potential impact fractions were calculated to determine how income redistribution might affect obesity prevalence. Absolute individual disposable income was significantly associated with obesity in NZ females (but not males) in a shallow, inverted J-shaped fashion. Income inequality was significantly positively associated with obesity prevalence in NZ females but not in males. The Families Package had a modest effect on income distribution and reduced Gini in NZ by 1.43%. Female obesity prevalence in NZ was modelled to decrease by 0.12 percentage points and 0.98 percentage points due to changes to absolute income and income inequality, respectively. Despite being the most substantial income tax package in New Zealand since the 1990s, this policy had a modest effect on income redistribution, and its expected impact on reducing obesity in females was also modest, with no effect in males. The J-shaped curve indicates that income redistribution could even increase obesity prevalence among low-income women.

Use of social media, search queries, and demographic data to assess obesity prevalence in the United States

Obesity is a global epidemic affecting millions. Implementation of interventions to curb obesity rates requires timely surveillance. In this study, we estimated sex-specific obesity prevalence using social media, search queries, demographics and built environment variables. We collected 3,817,125 and 1,382,284 geolocated tweets on food and exercise respectively, from Twitter’s streaming API from April 2015 to March 2016. We also obtained searches related to physical activity and diet from Google Search Trends for the same time period. Next, we inferred the gender of Twitter users using machine learning methods and applied mixed-effects state-level linear regression models to estimate obesity prevalence. We observed differences in discussions of physical activity and foods, with males reporting higher intensity physical activities and lower caloric foods across 40 and 48 states, respectively. In addition, counties with the highest percentage of exercise and food tweets had lower male and female obesity prevalence. Lastly, our models separately captured overall male and female spatial trends in obesity prevalence. The average correlation between actual and estimated obesity prevalence was 0.797(95% CI, 0.796, 0.798) and 0.830 (95% CI, 0.830, 0.831) for males and females, respectively. Social media can provide timely community-level data on health information seeking and changes in behaviors, sentiments and norms. Social media data can also be combined with other data types such as, demographics, built environment variables, diet and physical activity indicators from other digital sources (e.g., mobile applications and wearables) to monitor health behaviors at different geographic scales, and to supplement delayed estimates from traditional surveillance systems.

Adipocyte deficiency of ACE2 increases systolic blood pressures of obese female C57BL/6 mice

BackgroundObesity increases the risk for hypertension in both sexes, but the prevalence of hypertension is lower in females than in males until menopause, despite a higher prevalence of obesity in females. We previously demonstrated that angiotensin-converting enzyme 2 (ACE2), which cleaves the vasoconstrictor, angiotensin II (AngII), to generate the vasodilator, angiotensin-(1-7) (Ang-(1-7)), contributes to sex differences in obesity-hypertension. ACE2 expression in adipose tissue was influenced by obesity in a sex-specific manner, with elevated ACE2 expression in obese female mice. Moreover, estrogen stimulated adipose ACE2 expression and reduced obesity-hypertension in females. In this study, we hypothesized that deficiency of adipocyte ACE2 contributes to obesity-hypertension of females.MethodsWe generated a mouse model of adipocyte ACE2 deficiency. Male and female mice with adipocyte ACE2 deficiency or littermate controls were fed a low (LF) or a high fat (HF) diet for 16 weeks and blood pressure was quantified by radiotelemetry. HF-fed mice of each sex and genotype were challenged by an acute AngII injection, and blood pressure response was quantified. To translate these findings to humans, we performed a proof-of-principle study in obese transwomen in which systemic angiotensin peptides and blood pressure were quantified prior to and after 12 weeks of gender-affirming 17β-estradiol hormone therapy.ResultsAdipocyte ACE2 deficiency had no effect on the development of obesity in either sex. HF feeding increased systolic blood pressures (SBP) of wild-type male and female mice compared to LF-fed controls. Adipocyte ACE2 deficiency augmented obesity-induced elevations in SBP in females, but not in males. Obese female, but not obese male mice with adipocyte ACE2 deficiency, had an augmented SBP response to acute AngII challenge. In humans, plasma 17β-estradiol concentrations increased in obese transwomen administered 17β-estradiol and correlated positively with plasma Ang-(1-7)/AngII balance, and negatively to SBP after 12 weeks of 17β-estradiol administration.ConclusionsAdipocyte ACE2 protects female mice from obesity-hypertension, and reduces the blood pressure response to systemic AngII. In obese transwomen undergoing gender-affirming hormone therapy, 17β-estradiol administration may regulate blood pressure via the Ang-(1-7)/AngII balance.

Relaxed natural selection contributes to global obesity increase more in males than in females due to more environmental modifications in female body mass.

ObjectiveRelaxed natural selection, measured by Biological State Index (Ibs), results in unfavourable genes/mutations accumulation in population. Obesity is partly heritable. We aim to examine and compare the effects of relaxed natural selection on male and female obesity prevalence.MethodsData for 191 countries of the world were captured for this ecological study. Curvilinear regressions, bivariate and partial correlations, linear mixed models and multivariate linear regression analyses were used to examine the relationship between Ibs and sex-specific obesity prevalence. Per capita GDP, urbanization and caloric intake were controlled for as the confounding factors. Fisher r-to-z transformation, R2 increment in multivariate regression and F-test were used to compare the correlations.ResultsCurvilinear regressions, bivariate and partial correlations (controlled for GDP, urbanization and calories) revealed that Ibs was significantly correlated to obesity prevalence of both sexes, but significantly stronger to male than to female obesity prevalence. Curvilinear regression models also showed strong correlations. Mixed linear models, with effects of GDP, urbanisation and caloric intake controlled for, showed that male and female average obesity prevalence rates were significantly higher in countries with greater Ibs value than their equivalents in countries with lower Ibs. Between higher and lower Ibs countries, the gap of male obesity prevalence is 60% greater than the gap of female obesity prevalence. Stepwise multiple regression identified that Ibs was a significant predictor of obesity prevalence of both sexes. Multivariate regression showed that, adding Ibs as an obesity predictor, R2 increment in male model was significantly greater than in female model.ConclusionsRelaxed natural selection may drive males and females to accumulate metabolic faulty genes equally. Probably due to greater environmental, personal intervention in regulating female body mass, relaxed natural selection shows less contributing effects to female obesity prevalence than to male obesity prevalence. Gene therapy to prevent obesity may need to be also taken into account.

Association of ABO Blood Group and Body Mass Index: A Cross-Sectional Study from a Ghanaian Population.

ABO blood group and body mass index (BMI) have individually been appraised as risk factors for certain diseases. From statistical perspective, it may be important to examine the relationship between the ABO blood antigen and BMI. This cross-sectional study involved 412 participants aged 18 to 46 at the Kwame Nkrumah University of Science and Technology (KNUST), Kumasi. Weight and height of participants were measured for BMI calculation; blood group determination was done using antisera. Blood group O was the most prevalent (51.2%), while Rhesus-positive individuals constituted 90.3%. 6.3% of the participants were obese, while 18.7% were overweight. There was significant (p=0.006) higher prevalence of obesity in females (10.3%) than in males (3.4%). The study did not observe any significant difference by association of ABO blood group with gender (p=0.973), BMI (p=0.307), or Rhesus status (p=0.723). Regarding gender (p=0.400) and BMI (p=0.197), no statistically significant difference was observed between Rhesus blood groups. The prevalence of overweight, obesity, blood type O, and rhesus positive observed among students in this study is largely similar to what has been reported in published studies in Ghana and from other countries. Overweight and obesity were not associated with ABO blood groups or Rhesus in this study.

Obesity and Prognostic Variables in Colombian Breast Cancer Patients: A Cross-Sectional Study.

Introduction Obesity is an established risk factor for cancer and cancer-related deaths, including that of the breast. While the prevalence of female obesity has accelerated over the past decade in many developing countries, such as Colombia, the prevalence of overweight and obesity specifically in breast cancer populations has not been fully described. Methods A cross-sectional study including 849 women diagnosed with breast cancer between 2009 and 2014. Based on body mass index, prevalence of overweight (BMI ≥ 25 < 30) and obesity (BMI ≥ 30) and associations of BMI with clinical and tumor histopathological features were analyzed. Results Colombian breast cancer patients had a prevalence of overweight of 34.28% and obesity of 28.15%. Mean BMI was comparable between premenopausal and postmenopausal women (27.2 versus 27.7, resp.). Among premenopausal women, higher BMI was significantly positively associated with hormone receptor negative tumors, as well as with greater lymphovascular invasion. Conclusions Colombian breast cancer patients exhibit a significant prevalence of overweight and obesity. Associations of high BMI and poor prognosis variables in the premenopausal population suggest risk of aggressive disease in this population. Future studies to further validate our observations are warranted in order to implement multidisciplinary clinical guidelines.

0370 : Prevalence and characteristics of metabolic syndrome in patients with acute coronary syndrome

Patients with metabolic syndrome (MS) have potentially higher risk for cardiovascular events and MS has been reported as a potential risk factor of acute coronary syndromes (ACS), therefore, this study aimed to determine the prevelance and the particularities of MS in ACS. This is a prospective study on 6 months of patients admitted for ACS in the cardiology department of the university hospital Ibn Rochd of Casablanca, Patients were diagnosed with MS based on the criteria of the international diabetes federation (IDF). The study was conducted in 75 patients (41 men and 34 women) with a mean age of 58.0 ± 7.1 years. It was an ACS without persistent ST segment elevation in 62,3% ; and ACS with persistent ST segment elevation in 37,7%, The MS was present in 48.3% of patients, was highly age-dependent in both genders and more prevalent in female. The most frequent MS component was hypertension, followed by hyperglycemia, abdominal obesity, increased triglycerides and finally low HDL-cholesterol. The most significant difference between genders for metabolic syndrome components is the high prevalence of abdominal obesity in females. The MS has a high prevalence in patients with an acute coronary syndrome, especially in women. The most frequent components are hypertension and hyperglycemia. The identification of subjects with the MS is conceivably useful from a clinical standpoint, as it can be anticipated that these individuals should benefit from interventions aimed at reducing cardiovascular risk. The author hereby declares no conflict of interest

Infertilité : moment clé pour entreprendre une prise en charge nutritionnelle médicale. Expérience lilloise sur 78 patientes

ObjectivesThe prevalence of female obesity is increasing. Obesity leads to increased infertility and difficulties in the management of Assisted Reproductive Technology (ART). A specialized nutritional consultation was created in 2008 at University Hospital of Lille, to support infertile obese and overweight patients and to achieve a BMI below 35kg/m2 before pregnancy. The aim of this retrospective study was to evaluate our practice of nutritional support on weight and pregnancy rate. MethodsSeventy-eight obese or overweight patients, followed in nutrition and ART for at least two years, were compared to a control group of 119 normal weight patients. The nutritional strategy was mainly based on lifestyle changes, to establish healthier food and higher physical activity. ResultsThe mean initial BMI was 37.5kg/m2 vs 35.6kg/m2 after nutritional support (significant weight loss, [P<0.001]). Obese or overweight patients had more frequently metabolic syndrome (P<0.01). The chances of pregnancy, after weight loss, were similar to the control group both in IUI and IVF/ICSI. However, gonadotropin doses were increased in the obese and overweight group (P=0.007). The hypocaloric diet was the most effective nutritional strategy to achieve a weight loss greater than 5% of initial weight (P=0.017). Regular physical activity practice allowed also more frequently to achieve this goal (P=0.074). Even after weight loss, a significant number of gestational diabetes (25% of pregnancies in our population) occurred in the obese or overweight group. ConclusionThis nutritional consultation promotes weight loss in infertile obese or overweight patients. The maternity desire is a strong motivational lever to weight loss, which leads to satisfying pregnancy rate.

Current mapping of obesity.

Obesity is a major risk factor for non-communicable diseases (NCDs), such as diabetes, cardiovascular diseases, and cancers. The worldwide prevalence of obesity has almost doubled between 1980 and 2008. In some regions, such as Europe, the Eastern Mediterranean and the Americas, more than 50% of women are overweight. Tonga, Nauru and the Cook Islands show the highest prevalence of obesity worldwide, above 60% in men and in women. China and the United States are the countries that experienced the largest absolute increase in the number of overweight and obese people between 1980 and 2008, followed by Brazil and Mexico. The regions with the largest increase in the prevalence of female obesity were Central Latin America, Oceania and Southern Latin America. Updated data provide evidence that the progression of the epidemic has effectively slowed for the past ten years in several countries. In low-income countries obesity is generally more prevalent among the better-off, while disadvantaged groups are increasingly affected as countries grow. Many studies have shown an overall socio-economic gradient in obesity in modern industrialized societies. Rates tend to decrease progressively with increasing socio-economic status. Children obesity rates in Spain are amongst the highest in the OECD. One in 3 children aged 13 to 14 are overweight. Overweight in infants and young children is observed in the upper middle-income countries. However, the fastest growth occurs in the group of lower middle-income countries. There is a growing body of evidence for an inverse association between SES and child obesity in developed countries. The prevalence of overweight and obesity is high in all age groups in many countries, but especially worrying in children and adolescents in developed countries and economies in transition.

National, regional, and global trends in adult overweight and obesity prevalences

BackgroundOverweight and obesity prevalence are commonly used for public and policy communication of the extent of the obesity epidemic, yet comparable estimates of trends in overweight and obesity prevalence by country are not available.MethodsWe estimated trends between 1980 and 2008 in overweight and obesity prevalence and their uncertainty for adults 20 years of age and older in 199 countries and territories. Data were from a previous study, which used a Bayesian hierarchical model to estimate mean body mass index (BMI) based on published and unpublished health examination surveys and epidemiologic studies. Here, we used the estimated mean BMIs in a regression model to predict overweight and obesity prevalence by age, country, year, and sex. The uncertainty of the estimates included both those of the Bayesian hierarchical model and the uncertainty due to cross-walking from mean BMI to overweight and obesity prevalence.ResultsThe global age-standardized prevalence of obesity nearly doubled from 6.4% (95% uncertainty interval 5.7-7.2%) in 1980 to 12.0% (11.5-12.5%) in 2008. Half of this rise occurred in the 20 years between 1980 and 2000, and half occurred in the 8 years between 2000 and 2008. The age-standardized prevalence of overweight increased from 24.6% (22.7-26.7%) to 34.4% (33.2-35.5%) during the same 28-year period. In 2008, female obesity prevalence ranged from 1.4% (0.7-2.2%) in Bangladesh and 1.5% (0.9-2.4%) in Madagascar to 70.4% (61.9-78.9%) in Tonga and 74.8% (66.7-82.1%) in Nauru. Male obesity was below 1% in Bangladesh, Democratic Republic of the Congo, and Ethiopia, and was highest in Cook Islands (60.1%, 52.6-67.6%) and Nauru (67.9%, 60.5-75.0%).ConclusionsGlobally, the prevalence of overweight and obesity has increased since 1980, and the increase has accelerated. Although obesity increased in most countries, levels and trends varied substantially. These data on trends in overweight and obesity may be used to set targets for obesity prevalence as requested at the United Nations high-level meeting on Prevention and Control of NCDs.

Prevalence of metabolic syndrome and diabetes on a high-risk population with suspected coronary artery disease.

Metabolic syndrome and diabetes prevalence varies according to chosen definition, as well as with the geographical and ethnical group. No studies are available in Portuguese patients with suspected coronary artery disease. We analysed metabolic syndrome and diabetes prevalence in this specific population and compared definitions. The study included 300 patients, with a mean age of 64 ± 9 years, 59% males, admitted for an elective coronary angiography and we excluded patients with previous cardiac disease. Metabolic syndrome and diabetes prevalence was obtained. The adjusted prevalence of metabolic syndrome was found to be 39.3% (NCEP-ATP III criteria), 53.8% (IDF criteria) and 48.4% (AHA/NHLBI). Adjusted prevalence of diabetes was 14.8% by the previous ADA definition and 36.4% with the new definition. Global agreement between metabolic syndrome definitions was 45.3%, with the highest value between AHA/NHLBI and NCEP-ATP III (Kappa 0.821). Metabolic syndrome prevalence was highly age-dependent in both genders and more prevalent in females. Diabetes prevalence was also age-dependent, with similar prevalence in both genders. The most frequent metabolic syndrome component was hypertension, followed by abdominal obesity, raised glucose, low HDL-cholesterol and finally increased triglycerides. It is also important to mention that 60% of the patients were under lipid-lowering treatment (56.6% with statins, 1.7% with fibrates and 1.7% with both). The most significant difference between genders for metabolic syndrome components is the high prevalence of abdominal obesity in females. In this high-risk population, metabolic syndrome prevalence is high, with similar diabetes prevalence compared with general population epidemiological studies.

Sarcopenic obesity in the elderly

Objective. The process of ageing is characterized by the progressive increase of total body mass, the decrease of muscle mass and the changes in the distribution in the sense of abdominal fat tissue enlargement. These changes of total body mass, which are characteristic for the ageing process, can take place without alterations in body mass index with significant consequences when it comes to cardio-metabolic risk factors and, consequently, their determination was the subject of study Method. Our research analyzed the body composition of people over 65 years of age, determination of the value of fat mass and prevalence of sarcopenic obesity. The study includes 100 people of both genders, over 65 years of age. During the evaluation of the percentage of fat mass in the body, we used the method of bioelectrical impedance. Results. It was found that prevalence of sarcopenic obesity in females was 92.96% and 79.31% in males. Using only BMI as the parameter for establishing obesity, what can be foreseen is the increased body mass in 67% of people, which is a falsely negative result. The usage of the procedure of analysis of body composition is a necessary diagnostic method, especially when it comes to the population of the elderly. Conclusion. By applying this procedure it is possible to identify people with an increased risk of developing complications, or, slow progression of the present complications in patients with sarcopenic obesity.

Obesity trends in Russia. The impact on health and healthcare costs

Similar to most developed countries, obesity rates inRussiahave been steadily increasing. This has led to a high burden of obesity related diseases and associated healthcare costs. The micro-simulation model has been utilized to project body mass index (BMI) and BMI related disease burden and healthcare costs. Incidence, mortality, survival and healthcare costs were collected for thirteen diseases. The results have been simulated for 3 hypothetical scenarios to project a potential impact of policy interventions: 1) assuming no reduction in BMI; 2) 1% reduction in mean BMI across the population; 3) 5% reduction in mean BMI across the population. Nearly 58% of the female population was obese (BMI ≥30 kg/m2) or overweight (BMI 25 -29.9 kg/m2) in 2010, and the prevalence is projected to decrease to 54% in 2050. The rates are predicted to increase for men from 51% in 2010 to 76% in 2050. The prevalence rates will triple for some obesity-related diseases. A one percent decrease in BMI across the population will save more than two billion US Dollars in 2030 and 2050. Despite female obesity prevalence starting at a higher point than the men, obesity is predicted to increase in males but not females. Disease and economic burden attributed to these obesity rates are still severe and the country should implement strong policies to tackle the obesity epidemic.

P1-110 Prevalence of overweight and obesity among the middle and old-aged in Eastern China, 2010

In the past decade, the prevalence of overweight and obesity in Chinese has increased markedly, especially in regions economy developing quickly. And the ageing also has been an increasing social...