Prevalence Of Fasciolosis Research Articles

Human Fasciolosis in Iran: A Meta-analysis Study

Fasciolosis, an infectious disorder with a serious public health burden, is caused by two liver flukes belonging to the genus Fasciola. Iran is among the endemic areas for this disease. This study aimed to determine the seroprevalence of human fasciolosis in Iran. A systematic search was conducted in Embase, PubMed/MEDLINE, Web of Science (WoS), and Google Scholar, as well as Iranian databases including Scientific Information Database (SID), Magiran and Irandoc from January 2000 to June 2016. In order to determine fasciolosis prevalence, the DerSimonian-Laird random model was used. In order to assess the heterogeneity among studies, I2 and Q tests were used. To investigate the source of heterogeneity, meta-regressions based on the year of publication and sample size were performed. Sensitivity analysis was carried out to ensure the stability of obtained results. Eleven relevant studies were included. According to the data analysis a prevalence rate of 2% [95% CI 1-5] was found. No statistically significant relationship between gender and disease prevalence could be detected. We found an OR of developing fasciolosis of 1.67 [95% CI: 0.42 - 6.60] in people who had consumed vegetables versus those who did not eat vegetables, even though this did not yield statistical significance. The findings of the current study can be valuable and help the health-care workers and policy-makers in programming and implementing ad hoc interventions in order to prevent the incidence of disease.

Prevalence of bovine fascioliasis in a new-emerging focus of human fascioliasis in BoyerAhmad district, southwest of Iran

BackgroundThe prevalence of fascioliasis in a population of cattle in a new-emerging focus of human fascioliasis in Boyer-Ahmad District, in the southwest of Iran, was investigated, using an ELISA system and coprological methods. MethodsBlood, as well as stool samples, were collected from 150 dairy cattle consisted of 82 (54.7%) males and 68 (45.3%) females, aged from 1 to 8 years, selected from different pastures. The stool samples were evaluated by direct wet mount microscopic examination as well as sedimentation methods. Moreover, modified Telemann was used for detecting of Fasciola eggs. Anti-Fasciola antibodies in the cattle sera samples were determined, using a Fasciola excretory-secretory antigen-specific ELISA. ResultsAnti-Fasciola antibodies were detected in 64 (42.4%) of the subjects by ELISA. Out of 64 seropositive cases, 29 (45.3%) were female and 35 (54.6%) were male. No significant association was found between sex and seropositivity to fascioliasis. Considering the age of the cattle, the highest prevalence of fascioliasis (23%) was found in the 5-year old age group. However, the difference between the age of the cattle and seropositivity to fascioliasis was not statistically significant (P > 0.05). Fasciola eggs were not detected in fecal samples of any of the studied cattle, while Paramphistomide, as well as Dicrocoelium dendriticum eggs, were detected in 6 (4%) and 17 (11.3%) of the subjects, respectively. ConclusionFindings of the current study provide basic information about bovine fascioliasis in a new focus of human fascioliasis in Iran, which is needed for effective control of this parasitic infection in such areas.

Prevalence of fasciolosis in slaughtered dairy cattle from São Miguel Island, Azores, Portugal

Fasciolosis, caused by the trematode Fasciola hepatica, is considered one of the most important parasitosis in dairy cattle due to significant economic losses. The main objectives of this study were to determine the prevalence of fasciolosis in dairy cattle slaughtered at São Miguel Island (SMI) slaughterhouse and to ascertain areas (parishes and dairy herds), within the island, with highest risk for fasciolosis. The association among cattle age and weight with the occurrence of fasciolosis was also determined. From a sample of 24,389 cattle slaughtered in two years (2015-2016), a total of 1134 dairy cattle livers were inspected and, during this period, 531 were positive to fasciolosis and 603 presented no typical fasciolosis lesions. This study showed that fasciolosis has a broad geographical distribution on SMI and that is also found in cattle from other islands of the Azores archipelago, namely Flores Island. Although there were no significant differences in weight between healthy animals and parasitized ones, we observed that the older animals present a greater level of liver lesions and a higher level of parasitization, reflecting their longer period of exposure to the risk factor (ingestion of metacercariae in pastures infested by Galba truncatula).

Bioclimatic Analysis and Spatial Distribution of Livestock Fascioliasis in Iran

This study aimed to investigate the prevalence of fascioliasis and to perform a climatological analysis of different regions of Iran based on the current situation of the parasite and its intermediate host using Geographical Information System (GIS). Meteorological data were obtained from Iran Meteorological Organization. Risk map of fascioliasis transmission was prepared based on this data and using forecasting indices. Further, the number of fascioliasis cases from 31 provinces reported to the Iran Veterinary Organization were collected and prevalence maps of livestock fascioliasis were drawn. The main risk hotspots were found in Northern provinces like Golestan, Mazandaran and Gilan as well as some Southern provinces such as Kohgiluyeh and Boyer-Ahmad and Chaharmahal and Bakhtiari and Fars, which have ideal conditions for completion of the parasite life cycle. Moreover, Gilan Province with 10.83% had the highest rate of fascioliasis infection in slaughtered animal. Iran is one of the most important foci of fascioliasis globally. Several provinces of Iran have appropriate conditions for evolution of parasite life cycle and presence of its intermediate host. These regions require special attention and serious determination in order to control fascioliasis in human and animals.

Bovine fasciolisis in São Paulo state, Brazil.

Fasciolosis is a zoonotic disease with a worldwide distribution caused by Fasciola hepatica, which leads to severe economic losses in cattle such as reducing meat and milk production, livers condemnation, growth retardation and increase in mortality. From October 2008 to April 2011, condemned bovine livers in slaughterhouses of different municipalities from São Paulo state, Brazil were evaluated for the presence of Fasciola hepatica. Out of 20,635 analyzed livers, 1422 were infected with F. hepatica. These cattle came from 33 municipalities, out of which 16 showed infected animals and where 7 municipalities did not show statistical difference between each month throughout the year: Tuiuti - 276/1408 (19,6%), Atibaia - 44/257 (17,1%), Joanópolis - 116/738 (15,7%), Bragança Paulista - 318/2316 (13,3%), Piracaia - 182/1442 (12,6%), Santo Antonio de Posse - 118/1005 (11,7%), Amparo 131/2003 (6,5%). The other nine municipalities, Monte Alegre do Sul, Descalvado, Campinas, Morungaba, Pedreira, Socorro, Munhoz, Jaguariúna and Itatiba showed a positive percentage varying from 5.08% to 1.46%. Our results demonstrated the presence of F. hepatica in this region was higher than official data, bringing the need for control measures. There is also an apparent increase in fasciolosis two to three months after low to medium precipitation, however high precipitation causes a decrease in fasciolosis prevalence.

Study on the Morphology of Fasciola gigantica and Economic Losses due to Fasciolosis in Berau, East Kalimantan

Fasciolosis is one of the endemic parasitic diseases in Indonesia and causes significant economic losses. Fasciola gigantica is the main species found to infect livestock. This research aimed to describe the morphology of F. gigantica histologically using hematoxylin and eosin staining as well as ultrastructure morphology using scanning electron microscopy (SEM). Besides, the study was also carried out to determine the prevalence and estimation of economic losses due to fasciolosis in Berau Regency. The histological identification of flukes morphology found several organs including oral sucker (OS), ventral sucker (VS), cirrus (C), genital pore (GP), uterus (U), ovary (O), tegument (Te), testis (T), and caecum (C). In this study, ultrastructure morphology was divided into anterior and midbody region. In the anterior region, there are an oral sucker (OS) with a diameter of 304.5 µm and a ventral sucker (VS) with a diameter of 571 µm. It was also found the anterior spine with a width of 25.4 µm and a height of 22.8 µm. In the midbody, the spine has a width of ± 26.7 µm and a length of ± 38.9 µm leading posteriorly. Postmortem examination results showed that the prevalence of fasciolosis in Berau regency was 21.65% or 34 of 157 cows which were positive with an estimated loss of 228,656,475.00 IDR/16,450 USD (1 USD=13,900 IDR). The amount of loss due to fasciolosis must be a particular concern in carrying out control and prevention measures. Histology and ultrastructure morphology can become a reference in the development of anthelmintic testing that has been used so far in Indonesia.

Prevalence of Major Bovine Trematodes (Fasciola and Paramphistomum) in Cattle Slaughtered at Nekemte Municipal Abattoir, East Wollega, Oromia Regional State, Ethiopia

A cross-sectional study was conducted from November, 2015 to April, 2016 to determine the prevalence of major trematodes ( fasciolosis and paramphistomosis) and the associated risk factors in cattle slaughtered at Nekemte municipal abattoir, East Wollega Zone, Oromia, Ethiopia. From a total of 400 animals selected by systemic random sampling at postmortem, prevalence of fasciolosis and paramphistomosis was 19% and 41.5%, respectively.The prevalence of fasciolosis was 19.02% and 18.87%, and paramphistomosis was42.07% and 37.74% in male and female animals, respectively.There was no statistically significant association of bovine fasciolosis and paramphistomosis between sexes (p>0.05).Fasciolosis was higher in old age(19.02%) than adult age (18.84%). Infection rate of fasciolosis and paramphistomosis for cattle with poor body condition was (29.27% and 53.66%) with medium (18.46% and 40.77%) and good body condition (14.89% and 36.70%), respectively. This result also showed that difference of the prevalence among the different body condition was statistically significant (P<0.05). The prevalence of ,F. gigantica, mixed and immature ones was, 40.8%, 22.4%, 19.7%, and 17.1%, respectively with highest prevalence observed in F. hepatica . In view of current result, trematodes are major obstacles for livestock production and productivity by remarkable direct and indirect losses. Hence,control strategies targeted on the parasite and the intermediate host as well as management system in the study area is warranted. Keywords : abattoir, bovine, fasciolosis, paramphistomosis, prevalence DOI : 10.7176/JBAH/9-7-01 Publication date : April 30 th 2019

PREVALENCE AND HISTOPATHOLOGICAL CHANGES OF BOVINE FASCIOLIASIS, WITH UNUSUAL MIGRATION TO LUNG IN NEW-VALLEY GOVERNORATE

The main objectives of this study were to determine the prevalence of fascioliasis in cattle, and to describe the histopathological changes in liver and lung. A total of 600 slaughtered bull's l ≤ 2 years were examined grossly to investigate Fasciola infection, from abattoirs in New-Valley Governorate. The livers of 120 bulls (20%) were positive for fascioliasis, with unusual migration to lung. The results indicated that Fasciola hepatica was more prevalent than other flukes infections including Fasciola gigantica and Fasciola hepatogigantica (58.3 vs. 12.5 and 29.2%, respictivelly). The histopathological examinations illustrate the presence of acute fascioliasis (66.7%), chronic fascioliasis (33.3%), and ectopic lesion of Fascioliasis (3.3 %). From the above results it could be concluded that bovine fascioliasis is endemic in New –Valley, constitutes a major cause of economic losses and threat public health

High prevalence, potential economic impact, and risk factors of Fasciola hepatica in dairy herds in tropical, dry and temperate climate regions in Mexico

The aims of this study were to determine the prevalence of fasciolosis in cattle herds and its influence on production in order to identify potential risk factors in different climate regions and risk indices in three states of Mexico. The levels of anti-F. hepatica IgG1 antibodies were determined using an indirect ELISA. A total of 837 farm owners or managers answered the questionnaire. The total prevalence of the parasite over the period of January to March 2017 was 63.56%. The highest percentages of positive herds for the categories were found in Hidalgo state (88.33%), the no-risk classification (69.55%) and the temperate climate (76.53%). Overall, the production losses were approximately 0.51 to 1.00 kg of milk per parasitized cow per day. The annual costs of milk production loss per farm were estimated to range from US$2218.39 to US$6424.51, followed by anthelmintic treatment for young stock (US$67.68) and adult cows (US$209.47). Using multivariate logistic regression analysis, six final models were constructed for potential association with the ELISA results and were supported by the climatic, environmental and management factors. The results indicate that different factors were significantly associated with an increased risk of infection for each model.

Studies on the prevalence of fascioliasis among ruminant animals in northern Bauchi state, north-eastern Nigeria

A study of prevalence of ruminant fascioliasis was undertaken from May 2017 to April 2018. A set of 7640 stool and 7640 bile samples were collected from slaughtered cattles, sheeps and goats in seven local abattoirs located within the seven Local Government Areas making up northern Bauchi state. The Sample collection was demarcated into four sections of three months each corresponding into four local seasons. 1910 samples were collected from the beginning to the end of each of the four local seasons. Direct postmortem investigation to detect adult Fasciola spp. was employed. Stool samples were analyzed using formol-etha concentration technique. ANOVA (Analysis of variance) was conducted to examine the prevalence of fascioliasis in six communities of northern Bauchi state. The prevalence of infection was statistically different on different localities. The highest infection rates from the seven sampling sites was Jama'are (48.5%) followed by Zaki (46.9%) p = 0.05. Specie specific prevalence of fascioliasis between the host species was statistically different. Cattles were more infected than sheep and goat. Prevalence of fascioliasis on gender was statistically different, with bulls showing a higher prevalence rate and female sheep and goat recorded higher prevalence. Prevalence of fascioliasis based on estimated ages of animals sampled was statistically significant, animals above 5 years had higher prevalence of 64.5% followed by animals below the age of 1 with 41.3% (p = 0.05). Prevalence of fascioliasis among sampled ruminants based on seasonal variations was statistically significant. Higher prevalence percentages were observed during the early and late rainy season (47.2% and 58.4%) compared to early and late dry seasons (36.2% and 20.1%) p = 0.05. The study, therefore, recommends regular meat inspection alongside public awareness campaigns.

Prevalence of Bovine Fasciolosis in Selected Dairy Farms of Addis Ababa, Ethiopia

A cross sectional study is carried out in selected dairy farms in and around Addis Ababa on the prevalence of fasciolosis in Ethiopia, in four sub-cities, locally called Kifele Ketemas. The dairy farms were under intensive and semi-intensive management systems. A total of 384 cattle were randomly selected and sampled which accounts for 95% (N=365) and 5% (N=19) of the samples for intensive and semi-intensive dairy farms, respectively. Fecal samples were examined using the direct fecal microscopic examination and Benedict's sedimentation tests. Out of 384 samples examined, 57 samples were found to be positive using both tests, giving a prevalence of 14.84% (N=57). The prevalence of fasciolosis in study areas (Kifele Ketemas) is 52.63% (N=30) in Yeka, 33.33% (N=19) in Bole, 10.35% (N=6) in Gullele and 3.51% (N=2) in Kality area. The prevalence of bovine fasciolosis in Yeka is significantly higher (P 0.05) is observed between the age groups. Keywords: Bovine; Fasciolosis; Prevalence; Chi-square; Addis Ababa; Ethiopia.

Human and Animal Fascioliasis in Iran: Systematic Review and Meta-analysis

The aim of this study was to investigate the prevalence of fascioliasis in humans, cattle, sheep, and goats, done by a systematic review in Iran. Fifty articles were extracted including Iranian papers such as Google scholar, Magiran, Iran Medex, SID, and Pubmed. Out of these, 21 articles were selected for meta-analysis. Essential information for meta-analysis was extracted from papers and archived in Excel software for calculating by statistical analysis. The variance of each study was obtained using the binomial distribution. Heterogeneity of the studies was surveyed using I2 index. Data were analyzed using a random effect model. Of 21 collected papers, 1,275,506 samples from cow (507,152), sheep (454,882), goat (207,925), and human (105,547) had been surveyed in Iran. Eight studies were conducted on humans and 13 on animals. The prevalence rate obtained in humans was 3% with a confidence interval (CI) of 95% (1%-7%). Prevalence rate obtained in cows, sheep, and goats was 13% with CI of 95% (10%-16%). The highest level of prevalence was reported from cities in the North in animals with a prevalence of 14%. The highest level of prevalence was reported from Gilan in humans with a prevalence of 0.1%. The prevalence of the Fascioliasis in Iran has reduced in recent years, But the importance of the disease has not reduced and there is a possibility of an epidemic. Furthermore, in many cities of Iran, there is no study on the disease.

High prevalence of fasciolosis and evaluation of the efficacy of anthelmintics against Fasciola hepatica in buffaloes in Guangxi, China.

Fasciola hepatica is a common parasite of grazing livestock in Guangxi Zhuang Autonomous Region in China, but its prevalence has not been studied. While triclabendazole is commonly used to treat F. hepatica infection in China, oxyclozanide has never been used. This study investigated the prevalence of F. hepatica infections in buffaloes in the Guangxi and evaluated the efficacy of oxyclozanide and triclabendazole as treatments. In the prevalence study, a total of 767 individual faecal samples were obtained from 58 farms in Guangxi to detect the prevalence of F. hepatica, and the total rate of infection was 87.35%. A subset of 277 infected buffaloes from these farms were randomly divided into 3 groups. Group 1 (n = 101) was treated with oxyclozanide at 10 mg/kg.bw; group 2 (n = 94) was treated with triclabendazole (12 mg/kg.bw); and group 3 (n = 82) was untreated. Faecal samples were taken on days 0, 7, 14, 21 and 28. Whole blood and serum were collected on days 0 and 14. Anthelmintic efficacy was assessed using faecal egg count reduction (FECR), buffaloes positive by coprology reduction (BPCR) as well as post-treatment improvement in biochemical and haematological indicators. After 28 days treatment, group 1 and 2 showed FECR% values above 98%, and BPCR% values of 97.03% and 77.66%, respectively. In addition, the biochemical indicators and haematological parameters were improved at 14 days post-treatment compared with those before treatment. These results indicate a high prevalence of F. hepatica in Guangxi, demonstrate that oxyclozanide and triclabendazole are effective against F. hepatica infection in buffaloes, and indicate that oxyclozanide could be used in China as an alternative drug.

Prevalence and economic losses resulting from parasitic zoonosis on swine and ruminants in Ouagadougou abattoir (Burkina Faso)

Cysticercosis and fasciolosis are zoonosis with public health and economic importance. A retrospective study was conducted with the objective to determine the prevalence and economic losses associated with meat condemnation in Ouagadougou abattoir due to two parasitic zoonosis: fasciolosis and cysticercosis. The meat inspection register was sifted through to collect data on animals slaughtered in the abattoir between 2007 and 2013. Prices of carcasses and organs have been requested from stakeholders in the meat industry. The prevalence and economic losses associated with animal fasciolosis and cysticercosis were calculated. The overall prevalence of fasciolosis and cysticercosis were 0.41% and 0.17%, respectively. The highest prevalence of fasciolosis was observed in cattle (0.82%), while the highest rate of cysticercosis was observed in pigs (0.22%). For both fasciolosis and cysticercosis, the highest number of condemnation was observed during the dry season. Total economic losses due to fasciolosis stemming from seizure of liver and carcass weight loss were estimated at XOF 142 068 284 ($258,423) while losses related to cysticercosis-infected organs and carcasses was estimated at XOF 6 286 000 ($11,434 USD). This study highlights the impact of these diseases in Burkina Faso and proves that the country’s population is facing riks of contamination. Keywords : Public heath, cysticercosis, meat, swine, cattle, Burkina Faso

Fasciolosis Prevalence on Several cattle Breeds

Fasciolosis Prevalence on Several cattle Breeds

Effect of Coinfection by fasciola hepatica and mycobacterium bovis on Bovine Tuberculosis Immunodiagnosis in an Enzootic Area Hidalgo State, Mexico.

Parasitic infection by the Fasciola hepatica (F. hepatica) promotes susceptibility towards other infections, such as Mycobacterium bovis. As consequence, could affect diagnostic tests for this disease. Hence, the objective of this study was to assess the impact of F. hepatica coinfection on the most commonly used immunodiagnostic bovine tuberculosis (bTB) tests in field conditions in an enzootic area for both diseases. Thus, from a dairy herd located in Hidalgo State, México, displaying a 59.2% and 28% prevalence of fascioliasis and bTB, respectively. Sixty-one cows were analyzed based on their response towards bTB immunodiagnostic tests, such as Single Intradermal Comparative Tuberculin Test (SICTT), gamma-interferon test (BOVIGAM) and enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA), along with the assessment of the F. hepatica parasite load and serodiagnosis by ELISA. Three study groups were formed according to test results. Group 1: coinfected (n=22). Group 2: non-parasitized cows, and positive for bTB tests (n=13) and Group 3: parasitized cows without tuberculosis (n=26). In addition, a group of cows kept in fascioliasis - and tuberculosis-free zones were included (Group 4, n=10). A non-parametric Kruskal-Wallis test and a Dunn test were applied to analyze the results. In Group 1, significant differences were observed regarding IFN-γ production, but not for antibody levels to M. bovis or reactivity towards bovine PPD in relation Group 2. While, Groups 1 and 3 did not display difference in antibody levels against F. hepatica. Differences were observed regarding tuberculosis and Fasciola diagnostic tests when both coinfected and infected groups were compared to controls. It is concluded that F. hepatica coinfection in tuberculous animals studied, depressed the production of IFN-γ towards bovine PPD under in vitro conditions, but its reactivity to the SICTT not show to be altered.

Epidemiology and economic loss of fasciolosis and dicrocoeliosis in Arak, Iran.

Aim:Fasciolosis and dicrocoeliosis are important parasitic diseases worldwide, causing significant financial losses due to decrease in production and viscera condemnation in animals. We performed the current research to assess the epidemiology of these infections and determine their significance from an economic perspective in Arak, Iran.Materials and Methods:In total, we evaluated 118,463 sheep, 207,652 goats, and 43,675 cattle through necropsic analysis at the slaughterhouses. The average weight of sheep, goat, and cattle liver was 1000, 900, and 5000 g, respectively. The average price of liver in the market was 8 USD/kg. Moreover, the elimination of fundamental nutrients and vitamins was evaluated in infected livers. The prevalence of fasciolosis and dicrocoeliosis was determined. Analysis of variance test was applied for the statistical analysis, and the significance level was <0.05.Results:In total, Fasciola hepatica and Dicrocoelium dendriticum were detected in 0.56% (confidence interval CI, 0.54-0.59) and 0.77% (CI, 0.75-0.81) of the animals, respectively (p=0.1). The annual economic loss attributed to fasciolosis and dicrocoeliosis was 26698.4 and 30479.2 USD, respectively. The total economic loss was 10,880, 9079.2, and 10,520 dollars in sheep, cattle, and goats, respectively. On the other hand, financial loss resulting from fasciolosis was 7160, 6098.4, and 13,440 dollars in sheep, goats, and cattle, respectively. In addition, economic loss due to dicroceliasis was 10,880, 9079.2, and 10,520 dollars, respectively.Conclusion:Overall, fasciolosis and dicrocoeliosis in Iran always remain common in sheep, goats, and cattle that afford major economic loss of all the country also exist in Arak province. The present study could provide basic information for further examination of liver fluke infections in Iran.

Prevalencia de fascioliasis en ovinos y bovinos en la provincia de Pataz, La Libertad, Perú, mediante examen coproparasitológico y Western Blot

El estudio tuvo como objetivo determinar la prevalencia de fascioliasis en ovinos y bovinos en cinco distritos de la Provincia de Pataz, La Libertad, Perú, mediante examen coprológico y western blot. El estudio fue de tipo transversal prospectivo. Se evaluaron muestras de heces y de sangre de 388 ovinos y 365 bovinos de los distritos de Buldibuyo, Chillia, Huaylillas, Taurija y Urpay, entre abril y octubre de 2015 por los métodos de formol-éter y Kato Katz y de Western Blot. El 61.8% de ovinos y el 86.8% de bovinos presentaron anticuerpos anti-Fasciola hepatica (serología positiva) y el 42.3% de los ovinos y el 62.4% de los bovinos presentaron huevos de F. hepatica en heces (coprología positiva). Los distritos de Buldibuyo, Chillia y Huaylillas presentaron las mayores prevalencias de fascioliasis, tanto en ovinos como en bovinos. Se concluye que la provincia de Pataz puede ser considerada zona hiperendémica a fasciolosis por Fasciola hepatica.

Prevalence of fascioliasis in cattle slaughtered at Maiduguri Municipal Abattoir, Borno State, Nigeria

Bovine fascioliasis is a parasitic disease caused by trematodes usually Fasciola gigantica and rarely Fasciola hepatica in the tropics. The study determined the seasonal prevalence of fascioliasis and its relationship among breeds, ages and sexes of cattle slaughtered at Maiduguri municipal abattoir. A total of three hundred (300) faecal and gall bladder samples were collected from June 2015-May 2016 and examined using modified McMaster sedimentation techniques to detect Fasciola spp eggs. An overall prevalence of 13.67% was obtained. The prevalence was higher in dry season (15.3%) than rainy season (12.0%) although not statistically significant (p&gt;0.05). Breed disposition also indicates high prevalence in Red Bororo (6.0%), followed by White Fulani (3.7%) and least in Cross Breeds (2.3%) with insignificant association (p&gt;0.05). Age specific prevalence revealed in adult (8.3%), (12.3%) and in the calf (3.7%), (3.0%) respectively in both seasons. Based on sex, prevalence of fascioliasis varies significantly (p&lt;0.05) between female (7.0%) and male (5.0%) during rainy season, while no significant association (p&gt;0.05) was observed during dry season between female (9.0%) and male (6.3%). Likelihood of infestation with fasciola varies significantly (p&lt;0.05) between breeds during dry season, whereas no statistical significant association (p&gt;0.05) was observed between ages and sexes of cattle in both seasons. In conclusion, Fasciola infestation was prevalent in cattle slaughtered at the abattoir. The need for grazing land in form of ranches for herdsmen as well as snail control programme with the use of flukicides to reduce snail population in the study area is advocated.Keywords: Fascioliasis; cattle; prevalence; abattoir; infestation; Maiduguri.

Epidemiological and clinical-pathological aspects of fasciolosis in livers of cattle slaughtered in southern Brazil

ABSTRACT: Infection by Fasciola hepatica is an important cause of economic loss in cattle raised in Brazil and others countries. In slaughterhouses, the losses are mainly associated with condemnation of livers; however, it is believed that these losses can extend to diminished carcass yield and productivity throughout the life of the animals. Three slaughterhouses with a daily routine of approximately 15-20 cattle slaughters were monitored from July 2016 to November 2017. After sample collection, weighing, and liver assessment, statistical studies were conducted to determine disease prevalence and measurement of economic losses caused by fasciolosis through condemnation of the organ of choice of the parasite. Of the 210 livers assessed, 79 (37.6%) were condemned because of presence of F. hepatica, 87 (41.4%) were considered appropriate for human consumption, and 44 (20.9%) were considered inappropriate because of some other macroscopic lesions. The aim of this study was to estimate the prevalence of fasciolosis, correlate epidemiological and clinical-pathological aspects, and estimate the economic losses caused by the disease. It is estimated that the losses in southwestern Rio Grande do Sul state could reach R$ 36,943,532.60 (37.6%; 95% CI = 30,753,525.80 - 43,526,55.65) or US$ 11,437,626.20 (37.6%; 95% CI = 9,521,215.40 - 13,475,713.80) only because of condemnation of livers.