E-cigarette Prevalence Research Articles

Prevalence of E-Cigarettes in Children and Adolescents: A Failure of Public Health Prevention

The rising prevalence of e-cigarette use among children and adolescents poses a significant challenge to public health prevention efforts. As these electronic nicotine delivery systems gain popularity among youth, concerns about the health impacts and long-term consequences have escalated. In this article, we delve into the concerning trends of e-cigarette use among the younger population, exploring the factors driving this phenomenon and evaluating the failures in current public health prevention strategies. By examining the regulatory gaps in e-cigarette marketing to the youth and proposing interventions to combat this growing issue, we aim to shed light on the urgent need for stronger policies and enforcement mechanisms to protect the health and well-being of our youth.

Frequency of E-cigarette and Cigarette Smoking and Associated Health Symptoms among the Youth

Purpose: To determine the prevalence of e-cigarette and traditional cigarette use among Pakistani youth and to identify the associated health symptoms. Methodology: This cross-sectional study was conducted using a sample size of 178 respondents aged 15-25, selected through non-probability convenience and snowball sampling methods. Data were collected over five days (1st September 2023 to 6th September 2023) using a questionnaire adapted from validated studies (GATS and YUPESS) and distributed via Google Forms. Findings: The study population consisted of 178 respondents, with a gender distribution of 72.1% males and 27.9% females. Among the respondents, 41.2% had tried either e-cigarettes or traditional cigarettes. The age of first smoking experience varied, with many trying their first cigarette between ages 15 and 18. Significant health symptoms associated with smoking included respiratory issues, general malaise, and worsened asthma. Unique Contribution to Theory, Policy and Practice: The research highlights the prevalence and health impacts of e-cigarette and traditional cigarette use among Pakistani youth. It underscores the need for targeted public health interventions and stricter regulations to mitigate these health risks.

Association of conventional and electronic cigarette use with suicidality in Chinese adolescents: The moderating effect of sex and school type

BackgroundTo estimate the prevalence of lifetime e-cigarette use and explore the association between lifetime conventional and electronic cigarette use with suicidality among Chinese adolescents, focusing on sex and school-type differences. MethodsA total of 22,509 students from 432 classes in 80 schools were recruited in Guangdong Province using a multistage, stratified cluster, random sampling method in 2021. Self-report questionnaires were used to collect information. Multivariable logistic regression models were performed and stratification analysis was conducted. All analyses were weighted and adjusted for the complex survey design. ResultsThe weighted prevalence of lifetime e-cigarette use among adolescents in Guangdong Province was 8.7 % (4.3 % were dual users and 4.4 % were e-cigarette-only users) and 2.6 % were conventional-cigarette-only users. Lifetime e-cigarette-only users (AOR [Adjusted OR] =1.46, 95 % CI = 1.21–1.76), conventional-cigarette-only users (AOR = 1.97, 95 % CI = 1.58–2.46) and dual users (AOR = 1.67, 95 % CI = 1.38–2.02) were at a higher risk of suicidal ideation than non-users. Lifetime e-cigarette-only users (AOR = 2.03, 95 % CI = 1.53–2.70), conventional-cigarette-only users (AOR = 1.97, 95 % CI = 1.42–2.73), and dual users (AOR = 2.76, 95 % CI = 2.10–3.61) had a significantly higher risk of suicide attempts than non-users. After further analysis stratified by sex and school type, the associations of lifetime cigarette use patterns with suicidality slightly varied. LimitationThe cross-sectional study design and self-report information. ConclusionThe prevalence of e-cigarettes among Chinese adolescents is concerning. Lifetime conventional and e-cigarette use were associated with suicidality among Chinese adolescents, with sex and school type moderating these associations. Targeted measures to restrict cigarette use, including new tobacco product (e-cigarette) use, among adolescents are warranted.

Increased e-cigarette use prevalence is associated with decreased smoking prevalence among US adults

BackgroundIf US adults who smoke cigarettes are switching to e-cigarettes, the effect may be observable at the population level: smoking prevalence should decline as e-cigarette prevalence increases, especially in sub-populations with highest e-cigarette use. This study aimed to assess such effects in recent nationally-representative data.MethodsWe updated a prior analysis with the latest available National Health Interview Survey data through 2022. Data were cross-sectional estimates of the yearly prevalence of smoking and e-cigarette use, respectively, among US adults and among specific age, race/ethnicity, and sex subpopulations. Non-linear models were fitted to observed smoking prevalence in the pre-e-cigarette era, with a range of ‘cut-off’ years explored (i.e., between when e-cigarettes were first introduced to when they became widely available). These trends were projected forward to predict what smoking prevalence would have been if pre-e-cigarette era trends had continued uninterrupted. The difference between actual and predicted smoking prevalence (‘discrepancy’) was compared to e-cigarette use prevalence in each year in the e-cigarette era to investigate whether the observed decline in smoking was statistically associated with e-cigarette use.ResultsObserved smoking prevalence in the e-cigarette era was significantly lower than expected based on pre-e-cigarette era trends; these discrepancies in smoking prevalence grew as e-cigarette use prevalence increased, and were larger in subpopulations with higher e-cigarette use, especially younger adults aged 18–34. Results were robust to sensitivity tests varying the analysis design.ConclusionsPopulation-level data continue to suggest that smoking prevalence has declined at an accelerated rate in the last decade in ways correlated with increased uptake of e-cigarette use.

Knowledge, attitude, and practice of e-cigarette use among undergraduate students: A comparative study between China and Indonesia.

The health risks associated with e-cigarettes are currently the focus of tobacco control efforts and public health initiatives. Given that China and Indonesia have the highest rates of adult smoking worldwide, it is imperative to gain a comprehensive understanding of e-cigarette prevalence among college students in these two nations. From May to June 2023, a cross-sectional study was employed to conduct an online questionnaire survey among college students in three universities located in Kunming (China) and Jakarta (Indonesia), respectively. The chi-squared test was utilized to compare the rates/ratios, while binary logistic regression analysis was applied to examine the factors influencing e-cigarette knowledge, attitude, and practice. A total of 1327 individuals were included in the investigation. The proportion of Indonesian students (75.6%) with a high level of e-cigarette knowledge was lower than that observed among Chinese students (87.4%) (χ2=29.7, p<0.001). Additionally, the prevalence of e-cigarette use among Indonesian students (9.4%) was higher compared to their Chinese counterparts (3.0%) (χ2=22.32, p<0.001). Binary logistic regression analysis revealed that age, place of residence, studies, gender, and e-cigarette use by friends and family, significantly influenced knowledge levels and attitudes toward e-cigarettes in both countries (p<0.05). Despite the positive knowledge, attitudes, and practices towards e-cigarettes among undergraduate students in both countries, a notable knowledge gap exists concerning the harmful effects of e-cigarettes. Chinese students had better e-cigarette knowledge and demonstrated lower usage rates, suggesting that heightened awareness plays a favorable role in preventing e-cigarette use. Furthermore, it becomes imperative for policymakers and health educators to focus on specific factors, such as the influence of close friends and family members, as well as the area of residence.

Birth-cohort patterns of e-cigarette and other tobacco use among adolescents in the US

BackgroundE-cigarette use has increased considerably among US adolescents. While many studies have described cross-sectional prevalence trends of youth e-cigarette use, less is known about cohort or generational initiation and use patterns. MethodsWe used data from the US National Youth Tobacco Survey (NYTS) from 2014 to 2022 and age-period-cohort models to analyze age-specific patterns of e-cigarette use initiation and prevalence by cohort and calendar. For comparison, we also examined initiation and prevalence for cigarettes, cigars, and smokeless tobacco, using NYTS data from 1999 to 2022. ResultsAge-specific e-cigarette initiation and prevalence varied considerably by calendar year and birth cohort. There was a rapid increase in e-cigarette initiation and prevalence starting with the 1995 birth cohort, peaking with the 2005 birth cohort, and showing signs of decline with more recent cohorts. In contrast, there were substantial continuous reductions in cigarette, cigar, and smokeless use initiation and prevalence by birth cohort. While the reductions in cigarette smoking started with the 1980s birth cohorts, cigar and smokeless initiation and prevalence did not decrease until the 1990–1995 cohorts. ConclusionsDespite their recent emergence, e-cigarette use has varied considerably across US adolescent cohorts. After early increases, e-cigarette use and initiation peaked with the 2005 birth cohort. These patterns are in contrast with the continuous decreases by cohort in cigarette, cigar, and smokeless use and initiation. As the tobacco product landscape continues to evolve, it will be essential to monitor patterns of use of adolescent and young adult cohorts as they age into adulthood.

The global prevalence of E-cigarettes in youth: A comprehensive systematic review and meta-analysis

ObjectivesSmoking, especially cigarettes, is known as one of the most common social and health problems among people. E-cigarettes are another form of tobacco that has been an ordinary daily occurrence.Study Design: systematic review and meta-analysis. MethodsSystematic searching of databases was performed in Scopus, Web of Science, PubMed, Science Direct, MagIran, IranDoc, SID and Google search engine based on the PRISMA 2020 guideline. This search was conducted by the end of May 2021. Following full-text assessments, the related data were extracted from the papers. Newcastle-Ottawa scale was also used to evaluate the quality of methodology of the articles. Finally, study analysis was performed using Comprehensive Meta-Analysis software (version 2) based on the random effect model. ResultsGlobal prevalence of E-cigarette in younger individuals was 16.8 (95 % CI: 10.6–25.6) and 4.8 (95 % CI: 3–7.6) in the Ever and Current modes of E-cigarette, respectively. We also found that E-cigarettes were used more common in young boys than young girls in both Ever and Current modes. In young boys, the prevalence of E-cigarette were 18.8 (95 % CI: 8.4–36.8) and 4.9 (95 % CI: 3–8) in both modes of Ever and Current, respectively. In young girls, these factors were 9.9 (95 % CI: 5–18.6) and 1.6 (95 % CI: 1–3.1) in both modes of Ever and Current, respectively. ConclusionsThe global prevalence of e-cigarettes among young people, especially young boys, is increasing. Based on this, the prevention and management of the damage of this social phenomenon requires comprehensive global study, planning and policy.

E-cigarette use, psychological distress, and daily activity participation among adults in Riyadh.

The prevalence of e-cigarettes is significantly increasing among adults as an alternative method to tobacco smoking. However, the chemical products of e-cigarettes have an influence on human general health. Therefore, this study aims to investigate the association between e-cigarette use and psychological distress as well as participation in daily activities among adults in Riyadh, Saudi Arabia. It also evaluates the demographic profile and usage patterns of e-cigarette users. This cross-sectional study involved 396 e-cigarette smokers in Riyadh city. An online survey was administered, including questions about smoking patterns and the perceived effects of e-cigarettes on activities of daily living. Additionally, mental health were assessed using the Kessler 6 scale. Most of the participants were educated young males (61.4%). About 29.5% of the participants reported using e-cigarettes primarily to quit tobacco cigarettes. In addition, e-cigarette usage was significantly associated with lower participation in activities of daily living and higher psychological distress. This study found that many e-cigarette users are well-educated young individuals who use e-cigarettes as a substitute for traditional cigarettes. However, the study also revealed that using e-cigarettes is associated with negative effects on smokers' daily activities and mental health.

Biomarker Assessment of Nicotine Exposure Among Adolescent E-Cigarette Users: 2018-2019.

Despite the increasing prevalence of vaping e-cigarettes among adolescents, there remains a lack of population-level assessments regarding the objective measurement of nicotine exposure. This study analyzed a nationally representative sample of adolescents aged 13 to 17 years from Wave 5 of the Population Assessment of Tobacco and Health Study conducted between 2018 and 2019. Urinary nicotine metabolites, including cotinine and trans-3'-hydroxycotinine (3-HC), were assessed among exclusive nonnicotine e-cigarette users (n = 56), exclusive nicotine e-cigarette users (n = 200), and nonusers (n = 1059). We further examined nicotine exposure by past 30-day vaping frequency (ie, occasional [1-5 days], intermittent [6-19 days], and frequent [20+ days]) and flavor types among nicotine e-cigarette users. Multivariable linear regressions tested pairwise group effects, and biomarkers were normalized by the log transformation. Compared with nonusers, both nonnicotine and nicotine e-cigarette users exhibited higher levels of cotinine and 3-HC. Nicotine e-cigarette users had mean cotinine concentrations (61.3; 95% confidence interval, 23.8-158.0, ng/mg creatinine) approximately 146 times higher (P < .0001) than nonusers (0.4; 0.3-0.5), whereas nonnicotine users (4.9; 1.0-23.2) exhibited cotinine concentrations ∼12 times higher (P = .02). Among nicotine e-cigarette users, the levels of cotinine and 3-HC increased by vaping frequency, with cotinine increasing from 10.1 (2.5-40.1) among occasional users to 73.6 (31.8-170.6) among intermittent users and 949.1 (482.5-1866.9) among frequent users. Nicotine exposure was not significantly different by flavor type. E-cigarette use poses health-related risks resulting from nicotine exposure among adolescents. Comprehensive regulations of e-cigarette products and marketing, vaping prevention, cessation, and public policies are needed to prevent youth from developing nicotine addiction.

Awareness and Prevalence of Electronic Cigarettes Among Adults in Pakistan: An Appraisal

OBJECTIVE:To assess awareness and prevalence of e-cigarette among adult in Pakistan METHODOLOGY:More than 30 articles searched through Google Scholar and PubMed in July of 2023 using keywords e-cigarette, electronic cigarette, vaping, vaper, and vapor. There were 50 articles reviewed These review articles focused on utilization of e cigarette among adult using keywords e-cigarette, electronic cigarette, vaping, vaper, and vapor. CONCLUSION:In Pakistan, e-cigarettes are hugely popular among adults and teenagers. KEYWORDS: Vaping, Electronic nicotine, electronic cigarette

Cross-sectional study of the associations between the implementation of the WHO FCTC tobacco advertising, promotion and sponsorship bans and current e-cigarette use among youth from countries with different income levels

BackgroundThe WHO Framework Convention on Tobacco Control (WHO FCTC) Article 13 requires countries to ban tobacco advertising, promotion and sponsorship (TAPS), and bans are recommended to cover electronic cigarettes (e-cigarettes)....

Comparative analysis of e-cigarette prevalence and influencing factors among adolescents in Jiangsu Province, China.

The objectives of this study were to investigate electronic cigarette (e-cigarette) and cigarette use in Jiangsu Province, China, by analyzing the two-year trends of e-cigarette using and to explore the factors influencing the experimentation and use of e-cigarettes. We conducted a cross-sectional study following the standard methodology of the Global Youth Tobacco Survey in 2019 and 2021. A three-stage cluster sampling design was applied. Eighty-two schools in 14 districts (counties) in Jiangsu Province were surveyed. All computations were performed using the SPSS 21.0 complex samples procedure. Multivariate logistic regression was used to explore the factors influencing e-cigarette experimentation and use. A total of 12,410 and 12,880 students were surveyed in 2019 and 2021, respectively. E-cigarette experimentation increased from 9.34% in 2019 to 13.07% in 2021 (P < 0.001). E-cigarette use increased from 2.23% in 2019 to 3.74% in 2021 (P < 0.001). The main factors associated with e-cigarette use were cigarette experimentation (OR = 2.700, P < 0.001); male gender (OR = 1.416, P = 0.011); junior high school students (OR = 1.551, P = 0.005) and vocational high school students (OR = 1.644, P = 0.001); more pocket money per week (OR1 = 1.214, P = 0.187; OR2 = 1.686, P = 0.001); exposure to second-hand smoke (SHS) at home (OR = 1.239, P < 0.001); exposure to e-cigarette advertising (OR = 1.855, P < 0.001); believe SHS is harmful (OR = 0.933, P = 0.026); closest friends smoking (OR = 2.501, P < 0.001); believe smoking makes youth look more attractive (OR1 = 1.469, P = 0.040; OR2 = 1.305, P = 0.049); believe tobacco helps youth feel more comfortable in social situations (OR1 = 2.161, P < 0.001; OR2 = 1.635, P = 0.001); will use an e-cigarette product if offered by best friends (OR = 1.322, P < 0.001); intend to use an e-cigarette product in the next 12 months (OR = 1.486, P < 0.001). E-cigarette use among adolescents has been on the rise in recent years. E-cigarette use is associated with past cigarette use and a strong desire to smoke. It is crucial to take health education and tobacco control efforts to reduce adolescents' e-cigarette use rate.

State-Specific Prevalence of Adult Tobacco Product Use and Cigarette Smoking Cessation Behaviors, United States, 2018-2019.

Increasing quitting among people who smoke cigarettes is the quickest approach to reducing tobacco-related disease and death. We analyzed data from the 2018-2019 Tobacco Use Supplement to the Current Population Survey for 137,471 adult self-respondents from all 50 US states and the District of Columbia to estimate state-specific prevalence of current tobacco product use, interest in quitting smoking, past-year quit attempts, recent successful cessation (past-year quit lasting ≥6 months), receipt of advice to quit smoking from a medical doctor, and use of cessation medications and/or counseling to quit. Prevalence of current any-tobacco use (use every day or some days) ranged from 10.2% in California to 29.0% in West Virginia. The percentage of adults who currently smoked cigarettes and were interested in quitting ranged from 68.2% in Alabama to 87.5% in Connecticut; made a past-year quit attempt ranged from 44.1% in Tennessee to 62.8% in Rhode Island; reported recent successful cessation ranged from 4.6% in West Virginia and Wisconsin to 10.8% in South Dakota; received advice to quit from a medical doctor ranged from 63.3% in Colorado to 86.9% in Rhode Island; and used medications and/or counseling to quit ranged from 25.5% in Nevada to 50.1% in Massachusetts. Several states with the highest cigarette smoking prevalence reported the lowest prevalence of interest in quitting, quit attempts, receipt of advice to quit, and use of counseling and/or medication, and the highest prevalence of e-cigarette, smokeless tobacco, and cigar use. Adults who smoke struggle with smoking cessation and could benefit from additional intervention.

Public awareness, prevalence, and regulations for the sale of electronic cigarettes in Arab countries: A narrative review.

The majority of the Arab countries have high records of daily tobacco smoking. Electronic cigarettes (e-cigarettes) use has exponentially increased in the past decade in Arab countries. Consumers' willingness to quit smoking traditional cigarettes and their perception of e-cigarettes as a safer alternative to conventional cigarettes have increased the demand for these devices. This narrative review aimed to gather and discuss the available literature on the awareness, prevalence, and sales regulations of e-cigarettes in Arab countries. A search was conducted on electronic databases such as PubMed, Medline, Scopus, and Google Scholar with no time limits until the end of 2021. Some of the recent studies (2019-2021) considered in this review have reported that more than 25% of participants were e-cigarettes users. The prevalence of e-cigarettes has increased drastically with raised awareness of e-cigarettes among the population in these Arab countries. Most of the users of e-cigarettes are young males. In addition, an increase in e-cigarettes use has been reported in females. The policies which regulate trade and sale of e-cigarettes and related products were issued in only three Arab countries. In contrast, regulations for the trade and sale of traditional cigarette products are also applied in some countries to e-cigarette products, banning the sale of e-cigarettes to minors and/or amend smoke-free laws to restrict public use of e-cigarettes. There is a need for a concerted effort to assess the prevalence and significant rise of e-cigarettes consumption in Arab societies to help implement and improve harm reduction policies.

Prevalence of E-cigarette Users Students and Determinant Factors Affecting Their Use Behavior

Introduction: The prevalence of cigarette use among adolescents continues to increase in Indonesia every year, and this use is considered to be reduced by using e-cigarettes. However, e-cigarettes cannot be called conventional smoking cessation therapy because there is no strong enough evidence and because the impact of their use on health cannot be ruled out. Meanwhile, several studies show that the use of e-cigarettes also has a negative impact on health. This study aims at the prevalence of e-cigarette users and determinant factors that influence the behavior of using e-cigarettes in university students. &#x0D; Methods: This study is a non-experimental study with a cross-sectional study design. The sample used was 410 people, with inclusion criteria being active students of Atma Jaya University and people who agreed to become respondents after reading the informed consent; the exclusion criteria were respondents who filled out the questionnaire incompletely. Data were obtained through online questionnaires via google form. Data were analyzed using the Chi-Square test and Mann-Whitney. &#x0D; Results: The Prevalence of e-cigarette users is 21,7%. In this study, the variables that affect the use of e-cigarettes are gender (p&lt;0,001), perception (p&lt;0,001), availability of supply (p&lt;0,001), family support (p=0,002), and friend support (p&lt;0,001).&#x0D; Conclusion: The high-level use of e-cigarettes by university students show the need for information, education, and health promotion regarding the harmful effects of using the e-cigarette.

Cardiopulmonary Impact of Electronic Cigarettes and Vaping Products: A Scientific Statement From the American Heart Association.

Vaping and electronic cigarette (e-cigarette) use have grown exponentially in the past decade, particularly among youth and young adults. Cigarette smoking is a risk factor for both cardiovascular and pulmonary disease. Because of their more limited ingredients and the absence of combustion, e-cigarettes and vaping products are often touted as safer alternative and potential tobacco-cessation products. The outbreak of e-cigarette or vaping product use-associated lung injury in the United States in 2019, which led to >2800 hospitalizations, highlighted the risks of e-cigarettes and vaping products. Currently, all e-cigarettes are regulated as tobacco products and thus do not undergo the premarket animal and human safety studies required of a drug product or medical device. Because youth prevalence of e-cigarette and vaping product use was as high as 27.5% in high school students in 2019 in the United States, it is critical to assess the short-term and long-term health effects of these products, as well as the development of interventional and public health efforts to reduce youth use. The objectives of this scientific statement are (1) to describe and discuss e-cigarettes and vaping products use patterns among youth and adults; (2) to identify harmful and potentially harmful constituents in vaping aerosols; (3) to critically assess the molecular, animal, and clinical evidence on the acute and chronic cardiovascular and pulmonary risks of e-cigarette and vaping products use; (4) to describe the current evidence of e-cigarettes and vaping products as potential tobacco-cessation products; and (5) to summarize current public health and regulatory efforts of e-cigarettes and vaping products. It is timely, therefore, to review the short-term and especially the long-term implications of e-cigarettes and vaping products on cardiopulmonary health. Early molecular and clinical evidence suggests various acute physiological effects from electronic nicotine delivery systems, particularly those containing nicotine. Additional clinical and animal-exposure model research is critically needed as the use of these products continues to grow.

E-cigarettes may serve as a gateway to conventional cigarettes and other addictive drugs.

Electronic cigarettes (e-cigarettes) are devices that allow the user to inhale nicotine in a vapor, and are primarily marketed as a means of quitting smoking and a less harmful replacement for traditional cigarette smoking. However, further research is needed to determine if vaping nicotine via e-cigarettes can be effective. Conversely, nicotine has been considered a gateway drug to alcohol and other addictive drugs and e-cigarettes containing nicotine may have the same effects. Previous reports have shown that e-cigarette use may open the gate for the use of other drugs including conventional cigarettes, cannabis, opioids, etc. The increasing prevalence of e-cigarettes, particularly among youth and adolescents in the last decade have led to an increase in the dual use of e-cigarettes with alcohol, cannabis, and other illicit drug use like heroin and 3-4-methylenedioxymethamphetamine (MDMA). The advent of e-cigarettes as a device to self-administer addictive agents such as cocaine and synthetic cathinones may bring about additional adverse health effects associated with their concurrent use. This review aims to briefly describe e-cigarettes and their different generations, and their co-use with other addictive drugs as well as the use of the device as a tool to self-administer addictive drugs, such as cocaine, etc.

Social, educational, and psychological health correlates of e-cigarette and combustible cigarette use among adolescents in the US from 2015 to 2021

BackgroundThe prevalence of e-cigarette and vaping products has increased in the past decade, especially among adolescents. To provide data that will inform identification of youth at high risk, the goals of this study are to determine the social, educational, and psychological health outcomes associated with e-cigarette use distinct from combustible cigarettes. MethodsAnnual samples of adolescents in grade 12 (years: 2015–2021, N = 24,015) were analyzed from Monitoring the Future cross-sectional data. Students were categorized based on vaping and smoking patterns (no use, vape only, combustible cigarette smoking only, or both). Survey-weighted prevalence and logistic regression were used to assess associations. ResultsBetween 2015 and 2021, 78.7% of students used neither e-cigarettes nor combustible cigarettes, 13.2% used e-cigarettes only (vape-only), 3.7% used combustible cigarettes only (smoke-only), and 4.4% used both. Students who vaped-only (OR:1.49, CI:1.28–1.74), smoked-only (OR:2.50, CI:1.98–3.16), or both (OR:3.03, CI:2.43–3.76) had worse academic performance than non-smoking, non-vaping peers after demographic adjustment. There was no significant difference in self-esteem between the “neither” group and the other groups, though the “vaping-only”, “smoking-only” and “both” groups were more likely to report unhappiness. Inconsistent differences emerged regarding personal & family beliefs. ConclusionsGenerally, adolescents who reported e-cigarette-only use had better outcomes than their peers who smoked cigarettes. However, students who vape-only reported poorer academic performance compared to those who did not vape or smoke. Vaping and smoking were not significantly related to self-esteem, but were linked to unhappiness. Still, vaping does not follow the same patterns as smoking, despite frequent comparisons in the literature.

E-cigarette use and prevalence of lung diseases among the U.S. population: a NHANES survey.

The primary aim of this study was to evaluate epidemiological characteristics and prevalence of lung disease among e-cigarettes users in the United States. A population-based, cross-sectional survey was performed using the National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (NHANES) of 2015-2018. Adults using e-cigarettes (SMQ900), traditional smoking (SMQ020: > 100 cigarettes in lifetime or SMQ040: current cigarettes use), and dual smoking (e-cigarettes and traditional smoking) were identified and compared in their sociodemographic characteristics and prevalence of lung diseases (Asthma: MCQ010 and COPD: MCQ160O). We used the chi square test (categorical variables) and Mann-Whitney test and unpaired-student t test (continuous variables). p-value <0.05 was used as a reference. We excluded respondents <18 years and missing data on demographics and outcomes. Out of 178,157 respondents, 7745 (4.35%), 48,570 (27.26%), and 23,444 (13.16%) were e-cigarette smokers, traditional smokers, and dual smokers, respectively. Overall prevalence of asthma was 15.16% and COPD was 4.26%. E-cigarette smokers were younger in comparison to traditional smokers (median: 25 years vs 62 years; p < 0.0001). In females (49.34% vs 37.97%), Mexican (19.82% vs 13.35%), annual household income above $100,000 (23.97% vs 15.56%), prevalence of e-cigarette smoking was higher in comparison to traditional smoking (p < 0.0001). The prevalence of COPD was higher among dual smokers in comparison to e-cigarette and traditional smoking (10.14% vs 0.25% vs 8.11%; p < 0.0001). Prevalence of asthma was higher among dual and e-cigarette smokers in comparison with traditional smokers and non-smokers (22.44% vs 21.10% vs 14.46% vs 13.30%; p < 0.0001). Median age (Q1-Q3) was lower at which asthma (7 years (4-12) vs 25 years (8-50)) was diagnosed first among e-cigarettes smokers in comparison with traditional smokers. In a mixed effect multivariable logistic regression analysis, we found higher odds of asthma among e-cigarette users in comparison with non-smokers (Odds ratio (OR): 1.47; 95% Confidence Interval (CI): 1.21-1.78; p = 0.0001). Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease (COPD) respondents were also associated with 11.28 higher odds of e-cigarette utilization (Oddsratio (OR): 11.28; 95% Confidence Interval (CI): 5.59-22.72; p < 0.0001). We conclude the higher prevalence of e-cigarette users is seen among the younger population, female, Mexican race, and annual income above $100,000 in comparison to traditional smokers. Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease (COPD) and asthma were both more prevalent in dual smokers. As asthma was more prevalent and diagnosed at an early age in e-cigarette smokers, more prospective studies are needed to understand the effects of e-cigarette among the population at risk to mitigate the sudden rise in utilization and to create awareness.

Prevalence and Associated Factors of E-Cigarette Use among Adolescents in Southeast Asia: A Systematic Review.

The use of e-cigarettes in adolescents remains a major public health concern. Like other tobacco products, e-cigarettes pose health risks to adolescents. Understanding the magnitude of this problem and identification of its associated factors will serve as a guide for development of preventive interventions. This systematic review aims to identify and discuss current epidemiological data on the prevalence and associated factors of e-cigarette use among adolescents in Southeast Asia. The reporting of this systematic review is in accordance with the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses (PRISMA) 2020 statement. We carried out a literature search through three databases (Scopus, PubMed, Web of Science) and targeted original English-language articles published between 2012 and 2021. A total of 10 studies were included in this review. The prevalence of current e-cigarette uses ranges from 3.3% to 11.8%. Several associated factors of e-cigarette use were identified, including sociodemographic factors, traumatic childhood experience, peer and parental influence, knowledge and perception, substance use, and accessibility of e-cigarettes. These factors should be addressed though multifaceted interventions which simultaneously target multiple factors. Laws, policies, programs, and interventions must be strengthened and tailored to the needs of adolescents at risk of using e-cigarettes.