Prevalence Of Disease Research Articles

Anomalous origin of the coronary artery: prevalence and coronary artery disease in adults undergoing coronary tomographic angiography

BackgroundAnomalous aortic origin of a coronary artery (AAOCA) is a rare congenital coronary anomaly with the potential to cause adverse cardiac events. However, there is limited data on the association between AAOCA and coronary artery disease (CAD). Therefore, the aim of this study is to determine the prevalence and symptoms of patients with AAOCA, as well as investigate the correlation between AAOCA and CAD in a population referred for coronary computed tomographic angiography (CTA).Methods and resultsAll consecutive patients who underwent CTA from 2010 to 2021 were included. Characteristics, symptoms, coronary related adverse events and CTA information were reviewed by medical records. Separate multivariable cumulative logistic regressions were performed, using the stenosis severity in each of the four coronaries as individual responses and as a combined patient clustered response. Finally, we identified 207 adult patients with AAOCA, the prevalence of AAOCA is 0.23% (207/90,501). Moreover, this study found no significant association between AAOCA and CAD. AAOCA did not contribute to higher rates of hospitalization or adverse cardiac events, including calcification.ConclusionAAOCA is a rare congenital disease that is not associated with increased presence of obstructive CAD in adults.

Molecular characterization of SARS-CoV-2 nucleocapsid protein

Corona Virus Disease 2019 (COVID-19) is a highly prevalent and potent infectious disease caused by severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2). Until now, the world is still endeavoring to develop new ways to diagnose and treat COVID-19. At present, the clinical prevention and treatment of COVID-19 mainly targets the spike protein on the surface of SRAS-CoV-2. However, with the continuous emergence of SARS-CoV-2 Variants of concern (VOC), targeting the spike protein therapy shows a high degree of limitation. The Nucleocapsid Protein (N protein) of SARS-CoV-2 is highly conserved in virus evolution and is involved in the key process of viral infection and assembly. It is the most expressed viral structural protein after SARS-CoV-2 infection in humans and has high immunogenicity. Therefore, N protein as the key factor of virus infection and replication in basic research and clinical application has great potential research value. This article reviews the research progress on the structure and biological function of SARS-CoV-2 N protein, the diagnosis and drug research of targeting N protein, in order to promote researchers’ further understanding of SARS-CoV-2 N protein, and lay a theoretical foundation for the possible outbreak of new and sudden coronavirus infectious diseases in the future.

Diagnostic Challenges in Aortic Stenosis

Aortic stenosis (AS) is the most prevalent degenerative valvular disease in western countries. Transthoracic echocardiography (TTE) is considered, nowadays, to be the main imaging technique for the work-up of AS due to high availability, safety, low cost, and excellent capacity to evaluate aortic valve (AV) morphology and function. Despite the diagnosis of AS being considered straightforward for a very long time, based on high gradients and reduced aortic valve area (AVA), many patients with AS represent a real dilemma for cardiologist. On the one hand, the acoustic window may be inadequate and the TTE limited in some cases. On the other hand, a growing body of evidence shows that patients with low gradients (due to systolic dysfunction, concentric hypertrophy or coexistence of another valve disease such as mitral stenosis or regurgitation) may develop severe AS (low-flow low-gradient severe AS) with a similar or even worse prognosis. The use of complementary imaging techniques such as transesophageal echocardiography (TEE), multidetector computed tomography (MDTC), or cardiac magnetic resonance (CMR) plays a key role in such scenarios. The aim of this review is to summarize the diagnostic challenges associated with patients with AS and the advantages of a comprehensive multimodality cardiac imaging (MCI) approach to reach a precise grading of the disease, a crucial factor to warrant an adequate management of patients.

Contemporary multimodality non-invasive cardiac imaging protocols for tetralogy of Fallot.

Tetralogy of Fallot is the most prevalent cyanotic congenital heart disease, requiring lifelong multimodality non-invasive cardiac imaging, such as echocardiography, cardiothoracic computed tomography, and cardiac magnetic resonance imaging. As imaging techniques continuously evolve and are gradually integrated into clinical practice, there is a critical need to update multimodality imaging protocols. Over the last two decades, cardiothoracic computed tomography imaging techniques have advanced remarkably, significantly enhancing its role in evaluating patients with tetralogy of Fallot. In this review, we describe contemporary multimodality non-invasive cardiac imaging protocols for tetralogy of Fallot, emphasizing the expanding role of cardiothoracic computed tomography. Additionally, we present standardized reporting forms designed to facilitate the clinical adoption of these protocols.

#1022 Vulnerability in onconephrology: women and people who live alone are at greater risk of depression and anxiety

Abstract Background and Aims Cancer is a common entity that after the new therapeutic advances is becoming chronic disease. For that reason, kidney disease prevalence is increasing in cancer patients. Consequently, Onconephrology is becoming an essential subspecialty. Psychiatric disorders are prevalent in both cancer and kidney patients. The impact of such disorders has not been studied in onconephrology patients. Our aim is to study the prevalence of psychiatric disorders in Onconephrology patients and their impact in the survival and quality of life of patients. Method This is a prospective study including all patients visited in the Onconephrology Unit in our center from November-2021 to February-2023. The following questionaries were evaluated at the first visit, 6 months and 12 months: sleep disorders (Epworth scale), depression (Geriatric Depression Scale (GDS) and Patient Questionnaire Health (PHQ)), cognition (Montreal scale) and anxiety (Generalized Anxiety Disorder (GAD). Clinical and analytical characteristics of the patients were collected. Results A total of 182 patients were included, mean age 68 (±11) years, 70 (38.5%) women, 56 (30.8%) diabetes mellitus, mean creatinine 1.7 (±0.88) mg/dL, and glomerular filtration rate (GFR) 44 (±21) ml/min. A total of 18 (9.9%) patients lived alone, 152 (83.5%) lived accompanied and 4 (2.2%) in residence. The most common neoplasm was lung (n = 38; 20.9%) and the reason for referral to Onconephrology was chronic kidney disease (n = 94; 51.6%). At the first visit, 81 patients (44.5%) had sleep disorder, 32.7% (n = 59) had depression, 72 (39.6%) had cognitive impairment and 14 (7.7%) had anxiety. In the univariate analysis we evidenced that patients who lived in residence presented more prevalence of depression (p = 0.013). Patients with cognitive impairment had a higher prevalence of DM (p = 0.003), worse kidney function and were older (p < 0.001). Patients who had sleep disorders were older (p = 0.01) and women had more prevalence of anxiety (p < 0.001). At six months of follow-up, women presented anxiety with more prevalence (p = 0.03) as well as those who presented oncological progressive disease (p < 0.001). Patients who lived alone presented more depression compared to patients lived accompanied (p = 0.002). At twelve months of follow-up, oncological progression was associated with depression (p = 0.034). In the multivariate analysis, age was identified as a risk factor for cognitive impairment (OR: 1.1; p < 0.001) and female sex for depression (OR: 3.39; p = 0.001). At 6 months of follow-up woman sex for anxiety disorder (OR:8.6;p = 0.01) and patients who lived alone were identified as risk factors for depression (OR: 10.8; p < 0.001). A total of 30 patients (16.5%) died during the follow-up. In the Kaplan-Meier analysis, more mortality was observed in patients with sleep disorders (p = 0.039), worse kidney function (p = 0.003) and oncological progressive disease (p = 0.028). These were not confirmed in multivariate analysis Conclusion Onconephrology patients had a high prevalence of depression and anxiety, especially female and patients who live alone. Therefore, it is essential to perform a comprehensive approach and to have tools to detect the vulnerable population to improve their survival and quality of life.

Deep Learning Models for Predicting Malignancy Risk in CT-Detected Pulmonary Nodules: A Systematic Review and Meta-analysis.

There has been growing interest in using artificial intelligence/deep learning (DL) to help diagnose prevalent diseases earlier. In this study we sought to survey the landscape of externally validated DL-based computer-aided diagnostic (CADx) models, and assess their diagnostic performance for predicting the risk of malignancy in computed tomography (CT)-detected pulmonary nodules. An electronic search was performed in four databases (from inception to 10 August 2023). Studies were eligible if they were peer-reviewed experimental or observational articles comparing the diagnostic performance of externally validated DL-based CADx models with models widely used in clinical practice to predict the risk of malignancy. A bivariate random-effect approach for the meta-analysis on the included studies was used. Seventeen studies were included, comprising 8553 participants and 9884 nodules. Pooled analyses showed DL-based CADx models were 11.6% more sensitive than physician judgement alone, and 14.5% more than clinical risk models alone. They had a similar pooled specificity to physician judgement alone [0.77 (95% CI 0.68-0.84) v 0.81 (95% CI 0.71-0.88)], and were 7.4% more specific than clinical risk models alone. They had superior pooled areas under the receiver operating curve (AUC), with relative pooled AUCs of 1.03 (95% CI 1.00-1.07) and 1.10 (95% CI 1.07-1.13) versus physician judgement and clinical risk models alone, respectively. DL-based models are already used in clinical practice in certain settings for nodule management. Our results show their diagnostic performance potentially justifies wider, more routine deployment alongside experienced physician readers to help inform multidisciplinary team decision-making.

#985 Disease outcomes of chronic kidney disease: a Phenome-wide association study

Abstract Background and Aims Chronic kidney disease (CKD) is one of the prevalent diseases worldwide leading to increasing global disease burden, however, comprehensive studies of the subsequently developed disease outcomes are lacking. We aimed to explore the associations between CKD and a broad range of following disease conditions. Method Polygenic risk score (PRS) of 347308 white participants in UK Biobank were calculated using PLINK1.9 software with summing of risk alleles weighted by the effect sizes of. Genome-wide association study (GWAS) summary statistical data of CKD from CKDGen consortium was utilized as base data. The phenome codes of disease outcomes were derived from the primary and secondary diagnoses of ICD-10 and ICD-9 codes in the HSE records in the U.K. Biobank. Then, the association between genetically predicted eGFR and following disease outcomes were evaluated using logistic regression adjusting for age (continuous variables), sex (male/female), assessment cancer (category variables), and the first 10 genetic principal components (PCs) (continuous variables). PRS of eGFR was scaled to a unit reflecting one SD (equals to 1) decrease of PRS. We applied the Bonferroni correction (P threshold = 0.05/665 phecodes = 7.52 × 10−5) to correct for multiple testing. Results Totally, 261,254 SNPs (pruned by r2 < 0.1 within the 250 kb region, P < 0.4) from base data were retained for PRS calculation. Our PheWas identified that one standard deviation (SD) increase in the PRS of CKD significantly associated with chronic renal failure (OR = 1.16, 95% CI: 1.14-1.18, P = 2.01 × 10−66), essential (primary) hypertension (OR = 1.05, 95% CI: 1.04-1.06, P = 2.12 × 10−29), hypertensive renal disease (OR = 1.22, 95% CI: 1.16-1.29, P = 3.81 × 10−14), gout (OR = 1.09, 95% CI: 1.07-1.12, P = 6.57 × 10−13), intestinal malabsorption (OR = 1.12, 95% CI: 1.08-1.16, P = 6.71 × 10−9), acute renal failure (OR = 1.05, 95% CI: 1.03-1.07, P = 2.08 × 10−8), disorders of lipoprotein metabolism and other lipidaemias (OR = 1.03, 95% CI: 1.01-1.04, P = 9.11 × 10−7), non-insulin-dependent diabetes mellitus (OR = 1.03, 95% CI: 1.02-1.04, P = 3.11 × 10−6), obesity (OR = 1.03, 95% CI: 1.02-1.05, P = 3.13 × 10−6), unspecified renal failure (OR = 1.11, 95% CI: 1.06-1.16, P = 1.18 × 10−5), chronic ischaemic heart disease (OR = 1.03, 95% CI: 1.01-1.04, P = 1.52 × 10−5). Conclusion Increased risk of CKD significantly associated with a series of subsequent conditions, providing evidence for prevention of following diseases in patients with CKD.

#1430 Acid excretion is disturbed in calcium oxalate and calcium phosphate stone formers in the Swiss kidney stone cohort

Abstract Background and Aims Kidney stone is a highly prevalent disease worldwide that causes high morbidity and may increase the risk for chronic kidney disease. Urine pH influences the crystallization of some types of kidney stones, such as calcium phosphate and uric acid. This study aimed to identify whether other acid-base parameters are associated with stone formation in the Swiss kidney stone cohort. Method Urinary, serum, clinical, and anthropomorphic baseline data were obtained from the Swiss Kidney Stone Cohort, a prospective, longitudinal, and multi-centric observational study. We included 200 non-stone formers (NSF, determined by CT scan), and 265 calcium oxalate (CaOx) and 113 calcium phosphate (CaP) stone formers with complete data for urine pH (collected under oil). Titratable acids were calculated based on urine phosphate and creatinine levels and urine bicarbonate based on urine pH. Net acid excretion (NAE) was calculated and NAE capacity (NAEC), the NAE for a given urine pH, which reveals the ability of kidneys to excrete acids, was calculated from the residuals of the relation between urine pH and NAE. Logistic regression analyses were used to estimate the potential contributions of various acid-base variables to the occurrence of CaOx or CaP kidney stones. Odds ratio (OR) are reported as “OR [95% confidence interval]” Results CaOx stone formers were slightly older than NSF individuals and CaP stone formers (NSF = 42.9 ± 13.6 y.o., CaOx = 47.3 ± 14.3 y.o., CaP = 43.3 ± 12.9 y.o.), slightly more overweight (NSF = 25.0 ± 4.15, CaOx = 27.1 ± 4.72, CaP = 25.9 ± 4.55), and had a higher prevalence of males (NSF = 56.0%, CaOx= 72.1%, CaP = 59.3%), but had similar baseline estimated glomerular filtration rate (NSF = 97.1 ± 16.5, CaOx = 96.3 ± 18.3, CaP = 99.5 ± 18.0 ml/min/1.73 m2). Hypertension, type 2 diabetes, pyelonephritis, and nephrocalcinosis were more prevalent among people with either type of kidney stones in comparison with NSFs, while inflammatory bowel disease was more common among CaOx stone formers in comparison with NSF individuals. CaOx and CaP stone formers showed disturbed capacity of excreting acids in relation to NSF (NAEC NSF = 1.81 ± 8.21 µmol/min; CaOx = −1.35 ± 8.45, P < .001; CaP = −0.89 ± 7.66, P = .016) and lower 24 h urine excretion of ammonium (NSF = 19.8 ± 8.70 µmol/min; CaOx = 17.4 ± 8.54, P = .012; CaP = 16.5 ± 8.23, P = .005), but also of citrate, oxalate, and potassium (Table 1). In addition, CaOx exhibited a lower urine volume. In contrast, both CaOx and CaP excreted more calcium (NSF = 3.12 ± 1.85 µmol/min; CaOx = 3.82 ± 1.91 p <0.001; CaP = 4.63 ± 2.27, p <0.001). Urine pH was more acidic in CaOx (p < 0.001) in comparison with NSFs and CaP (P = .004), NSF = 6.05 ± 0.51; CaOx = 5.86 ± 0.53; CaP = 6.16 ± 0.62. The correlations between urine pH and both urine calcium and ammonium were disturbed in CaOx stone formers and shifted in CaP stone formers (Fig. 1). Logistic models including urine ammonium, pH, citrate, phosphate, potassium, calcium, magnesium, oxalate, protein, and volume showed that ammonium is negatively associated with both CaOx and CaP stone formation (unadjusted model OR 0.41[0.26-0.57], p< 0.001 for CaOx and OR 0.42[0.26–0.67], P < .001 for CaP) and urine calcium is positively associated with kidney stones (OR 2.37 [1.72-3.43], P < .001 for CaOx and OR 5.82 [3.6–10.1], P < .001 for CaP). Similar results were obtained after adjustment for age, sex, and BMI. Removing urine ammonium, pH, and phosphate from our logistic model and adding NAEC rendered comparable goodness of fit and model complexity. Holding all other independent variables constant, the odds of CaOx associated with NAEC were 0.45 [0.33–0.61], P < .001 and with calcium of 2.6 [1.91–3.64], P < .001. For CaP, NAEC was still associated with it, but urine magnesium showed a lower odds ratio value (0.44 [0.27–0.72], P = .001 vs 0.54 [0.36–0.80], P = .003). Urine citrate was only associated with CaOx stones. Conclusion Baseline urine ammonium and net acid excretion capacity are strongly associated with the occurrence of CaOx and CaP kidney stones. Reduced NAEC indicates that poor control of ammonium excretion is a hallmark of both types of kidney stones, although more strongly apparent in CaOx.

The association between non-alcoholic fatty liver disease and urinary incontinence among adult females in the United States.

Non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) and urinary incontinence (UI) are both highly prevalent and age-related diseases. Nevertheless, the link between NAFLD and UI is unclear. Hence, the study was designed to evaluate the association between the NAFLD and UI (including UI types) in a nationally representative sample of United States (US) female adults. We conducted this study used data from U.S. female adults in the National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (NHANES) 2017-March 2020 (pre-pandemic) cycles. The diagnosis of NAFLD is based on Vibration controlled transient elastography (VCTE) and absence of know liver diseases and significant alcohol consumption. The diagnosis and types of UI were assessment using a self-report questionnaire. Multivariable logistic regression models were used to analyze the association between NALFD and UI. Stratified analyses based on age, obesity, race, educational level, married status, PIR, and smoking status were conducted. Of the 2149 participants, the mean (95% CI) age was 53.9 (52.7-55.0), 686 (61.1%) were Non-Hispanic White. UI was significantly more common in participants with NAFLD [490 (64.7%)] than those without NAFLD [552 (44.9%)]. Adjusted for age, race/ethnicity, marital status, educational level, family poverty income ratio (PIR) status, alanine aminotransferase (ALT), aspartate aminotransferase (AST), smoking status, obesity, type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM), hypertension and insulin resistance (IR) in a multivariable logistic regression model, NALFD were associated with UI [OR: 1.93, 95%CI 1.23-3.02, P = 0.01] and urge UI [OR: 1.55, 95%CI 1.03-2.33, P = 0.03], while patients with NAFLD did not show an increased odds in stress UI and mixed UI when compared with those without NAFLD subject (P > 0.05). In the subgroup analyses, NAFLD remained significantly associated with UI, particularly among those participants without obesity (OR: 2.69, 95% CI 1.84-4.00) and aged ≥ 60 years (OR: 2.20, 95% CI 1.38-3.51). Among US female adults, NAFLD has a strong positive correlation with UI. Given that NAFLD is a modifiable disease, these results may help clinicians to target female patients with NAFLD for treatments and interventions that may help prevent the occurrence of UI and reduce the symptoms of UI.

Lipidomics study of Liujunzi decoction in hyperlipidemia rats with spleen deficiency based on UPLC-Q-TOF/MS

Hyperlipidemia refers to the abnormal levels of triglyceride (TG), total cholesterol (TC), low-density lipoprotein (LDL-C) and high-density lipoprotein (HDL-C) in peripheral blood circulation. It is a predominant risk factor underlying cardiovascular and cerebrovascular diseases, including coronary heart disease and atherosclerosis. Furthermore, it is also one of the most prevalent chronic diseases globally. Liujunzi Decoction is the basic prescription for the treatment of spleen and stomach diseases. It can tonify the spleen and qi, remove dampness, and reduce turbidity. Moreover, it is also clinically used for the treatment of spleen deficiency hyperlipidemia. However, its metabolites and therapeutic effect on spleen deficiency hyperlipidemia have not been comprehensively determined in vitro and in vivo. This study established a rat model of spleen deficiency hyperlipidemia by inducing starvation and satiety disorders, exhaustion swimming, and intragastric administration of the fat emulsion. To identify related metabolite changes and serum lipid composition, UPLC-Q-TOF-MS, PCA, and OPLS-DA lipidological methods were performed. The results demonstrated significant changes in rat's signs during the modeling process, which were consistent with the criteria for the syndrome differentiation of spleen deficiency in traditional Chinese medicine. Furthermore, this study identified 100 potential biomarkers in rat serum, of which 52 were associated with lipid synthesis, such as LPC, PC, PI, PE, PA, Cer, SM, etc. The pathways involved were glycerol phospholipid, sphingomyelin, and glycerol ester metabolisms. After the Liujunzi decoction intervention, 56 potential biomarkers were observed in the high-dose group, alleviating the metabolic spectrum imbalance by reducing metabolite levels. In addition, metabolic pathway disturbances were markedly improved. This study provides references for future studies on Liujunzi decoction and furnishes essential data for assessing the relationships between chemical constituents and pharmacological activities of Liujunzi decoction.

The impact of robotic surgery on postoperative recovery in a patient with prostate cancer: a systematic literature review

Prostate cancer has become one of the most prevalent diseases globally, which affects millions of men, and is estimated to go up to 288.3 thousand patients in the U.S. in 2023. Therefore, its diagnosis and management process need innovations and continuous improvements to reduce morbidity and mortality rates. The advancement of robotic surgery, defined by its minimally invasive method, has changed the game. It is superior to open surgery practice, with fewer complications after the operation time, quicker recovery, and improved lifestyle. This systematic review rigorously and systematically analyzes studies of this kind and addresses the various operative outcomes, including wound complications, surgical site infections, and urinary and sexual functions. This systematic review will be explorative, aiming to establish the benefits of robotic surgery in terms of postoperative outcomes. We intend to contribute to the cardio-thoracic surgical literature by providing a comprehensive analysis of how this type of surgery affects the postoperative recovery of patients with prostate cancer, giving recommendations for future clinical care and research in this field.

Prevalence of nonalcoholic fatty liver disease in pediatrics and adolescents: a systematic review and meta-analysis.

As childhood obesity escalates worldwide, the prevalence of nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) in pediatric and adolescent populations is also increasing. However, systematic studies and meta-analyses evaluating the prevalence of pediatric NAFLD remain limited. The MEDLINE, Korean Medical Database (KMBASE), Embase, Global Health, and Cochrane Library databases were searched from January 1997 to April 2023. Search terms included NAFLD or steatosis; nonalcoholic or steatohepatitis; child(ren), adolescent, or teenager; and prevalence, incidence, or epidemiology. A random-effects meta-analysis model was used to estimate the prevalence of pediatric NAFLD. A total of 2116 publications were found, of which 62 were included in the meta-analysis. Among them, 27 reported the prevalence in the general population and 39 in the obese population. The worldwide pooled prevalence of pediatric NAFLD was 13% [95% confidence interval (CI) 9-18%] in the general population and 47% (95% CI 41%-53%) in the obese population. Among 16 studies in the general population and 18 in the obese population, NAFLD prevalence varied by gender. In the general population, the prevalence of NAFLD was 15% (95% CI 8%-23%) in males and 10% (95% CI 6%-15%) in females. In the obese population, it was 54% (95% CI 46%-61%) in males and 39% (95% CI 30%-49%) in females. The global prevalence of pediatric NAFLD is rising in both the general and obese populations. Given the increasing rates of childhood obesity, epidemiological studies on the prevalence and incidence of NAFLD are needed.

Antibodies to Malondialdehyde-Acetaldehyde Adduct Are Associated with Prevalent and Incident Rheumatoid Arthritis-Associated Interstitial Lung Disease in U.S. Veterans.

To determine the associations of protein-specific anti-malondialdehyde acetaldehyde (MAA) antibodies with prevalent and incident rheumatoid arthritis-interstitial lung disease (RA-ILD). Within a multicenter, prospective cohort of U.S. Veterans with RA, RA-ILD was validated by medical record review of clinical diagnoses, chest imaging, and pathology. Serum antibodies to MAA-albumin, MAA-collagen, MAA-fibrinogen, and MAA-vimentin (IgA, IgM, and IgG) were measured by a standardized ELISA. Associations of anti-MAA antibodies with prevalent and incident RA-ILD were assessed using multivariable regression models adjusting for established RA-ILD risk factors. Among 2,739 RA participants (88% male, mean age 64 years), there were 114 prevalent and 136 incident RA-ILD cases (average time to diagnosis: 6.6 years). Higher IgM anti-MAA-collagen (per 1 SD: aOR 1.28 [1.02-1.61]), IgA anti-MAA-fibrinogen (aOR 1.48 [1.14-1.92]), and IgA (aOR 1.78 [1.34-2.37]) and IgG (aOR 1.48 [1.14-1.92]) anti-MAA-vimentin antibodies were associated with prevalent RA-ILD. In incident analyses, higher IgA (per 1 SD: aHR 1.40 [1.11-1.76]) and IgM (aHR 1.29 [1.04-1.60]) anti-MAA-albumin antibody concentrations were associated with increased ILD risk. Participants with IgA (aHR 2.13 [1.16-3.90]) or IgM (aHR 1.98 [1.08-3.64]) anti-MAA-albumin antibody concentrations in the highest quartile had an approximate 2-fold increased risk of incident RA-ILD. Across all isotypes, anti-MAA-fibrinogen, -collagen, and -vimentin antibodies were not significantly associated with incident RA-ILD. Protein-specific anti-MAA antibodies to collagen, fibrinogen, and vimentin were associated with prevalent RA-ILD. IgA and IgM anti-MAA-albumin antibodies were associated with a higher risk of incident RA-ILD. These findings suggest that MAA-modifications and resultant immune responses may contribute to RA-ILD pathogenesis.

Sex Difference in Characteristics and Predictors of In-Hospital Mortality Among Patients with COVID-19.

With the surge in the prevalence of coronavirus disease (COVID-19) in Beijing starting in October 2022, hospitalisations have increased markedly. The present study aimed to evaluate factors associated with in-hospital mortality in patients with COVID-19. Using data from hospitalised patients, sex differences in clinical characteristics, in-hospital management, and in-hospital mortality among patients diagnosed with COVID-19 were evaluated. Additionally, predictive factors associated with mortality in 1091 patients, who were admitted to the Beijing Anzhen Hospital (Beijing, China) for COVID-19 between October 2022 and January 2023, were also evaluated. Data from 1091 patients hospitalised with COVID-19 were included in the analysis. The in-hospital mortality rates were 14.9% and 10.4% for males and females, respectively. Multifactorial logistic analysis revealed that lymphocyte percentage (LYM%) (odds ratio [OR] 0.863 [95% confidence interval (CI) 0.805-0.925]; P<0.001), uric acid (OR 1.004 [95% CI 1.002-1.006]; P=0.001), and high-sensitivity C-reactive protein (hs-CRP) (OR 1.094 [95% CI 1.012-1.183]; P=0.024) were independently associated with in-hospital mortality from COVID-19. Among female patients, multifactorial analysis revealed that LYM% (OR 0.856 [95% CI 0.796-0.920]; P<0.001), older age (OR 1.061 [95% CI 1.020-1.103]; P=0.003), obesity (OR 2.590 [95% CI 1.131-5.931]; P=0.024), and high high-sensitivity troponin I level (OR 2.602 [95% CI 1.157-5.853]; P=0.021) were risk factors for in-hospital mortality. Receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curve analysis revealed that the efficacy of LYM% in predicting in-hospital death and its area under the ROC curve (AUC) for predicting in-hospital death in males was 0.800, with a sensitivity of 63.2% and specificity of 83.2%. The AUC for predicting hospital death in females was 0.815, with a sensitivity of 87.5% and specificity of 64.4%. LYM% was a consistent predictor of in-hospital mortality in both sexes. Older age and markers of systemic inflammation, myocardial injury, and metabolic dysregulation were also associated with higher mortality risk. These findings may help identify patients who require closer monitoring and tailored interventions to improve outcomes.

Equivalent Prevalence and Progression of Chronic Kidney Disease in NAFLD and MASLD.

Equivalent Prevalence and Progression of Chronic Kidney Disease in NAFLD and MASLD.

Pediatric renal transplantation: a single center experience.

The rising prevalence of global end-stage renal disease (ESRD) is a significant health concern, especially among children. Although renal replacement therapy is available, children with ESRD are at an increased risk of mortality. Kidney transplantation is the preferred modality of treatment and surpasses renal replacement therapy in terms of survival. However, pediatric renal transplantation could prove difficult due to factors like smaller recipients and donor-recipient mismatches leading to higher complications. A retrospective single-group case series study was conducted on children with ESRD who were planned to undergo kidney transplantation from living donors between 2015 and 2021. The data was collected from two centers in the city of Sulaymaniyah. The study comprised a predominantly male patient population, with a total of 39 individuals (n = 39) and 13 female patients. The donors were mostly males between 25-40 years old. The majority of participants were 15-18 years old. In majority of the patients Thymoglobulin was the immunosuppressive agent used in induction. The most common etiology for renal failure was reflux nephropathy and artery anastomosis was performed to the external iliac artery in the majority of patients. Only 9 patients had complications following the transplantation and 3 patients had an episode of acute rejection. Renal transplantation is the preferred treatment of renal failure in pediatric patients in the city of Sulaymaniyah. The most common etiology for pediatric renal failure was reflux nephropathy which was different from the findings of North American Pediatric Renal Trials and Collaborative Studies.

Molecular characterization of cotton leaf curl Multan beta-satellite occurance on chili plants in Multan, Pakistan

The prevalence of cotton leaf curl disease (CLCuD) has significantly hampered chili (Capsicum spp.) production, presenting a formidable challenge in Pakistan. During a chili field survey in 2018, distinct symptoms, including stunted growth, yellowing, and severe leaf curling, were observed on several plants. Subsequently, a comprehensive sampling effort was undertaken, collecting a total of 39 symptomatic samples from diverse locations across Multan, Punjab. The DNA extraction from these samples was conducted at the plant virology laboratory at Bahauddin Zakariya University, Multan, marking a crucial step in the investigation of this debilitating disease and its impact on chili production in the region. Molecular analysis with PCR using Av/Ac Core, Beta 01/02, and CLCuMuBF11/R33 primers confirmed begomovirus infection in chili plants. Positive amplification demonstrated a 71.79% infection rate, with 579 bp, 1.4 kb, and 481 bp amplicons for Av/Ac Core, Beta 01/02, and CLCuMuBF11/R33, respectively. Sequencing identified cotton leaf curl Multan beta-satellite (MT668934) infecting the chili plant. Effectively managing these begomoviruses is crucial to curbing their multiplication and protecting vital crops like chili. Addressing the distributions of beta-satellites in agricultural fields, particularly chili, is imperative to prevent further viral spread.

Predictive ability of novel and traditional anthropometric measurement indices for kidney stone disease: a cross-sectional study.

The aim of our research was to examine the association of novel anthropometric indices (a body shape index (ABSI), waist-to-height ratio (WtHR), conicity index (CI) and body roundness index (BRI)) and traditional anthropometric indices (body mass index (BMI), and waist (WC)) with prevalence of kidney stone disease (KSD) in the general population of United States (U.S.). In this study, we conducted a cross-sectional analysis among the participants in the National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey between the years 2007 and 2020. Weighted multivariable logistic regression analysis, restricted cubic spline (RCS), receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curves, and subgroup analysis were performed to analyze the association of ABSI, BRI, WtHR, CI, BMI and WC with prevalence of KSD. In total, 11,891 individuals were included in our study. The RCS plot shown that the linear positive association was found between ABSI, BRI, WtHR, CI, BMI and WC and KSD risk. Additionally, the ROC curve demonstrated that the area under the curve of ABSI, BRI, WtHR, and CI was significantly higher than traditional anthropometric indices, including BMI and WC. Our study found that the discriminant ability of ABSI, BRI, WtHR, and CI for KSD was higher than BMI and WC. Consequently, ABSI, BRI, WtHR, and CI have the potential to become new indicators for the detection of KSD risk in clinical practice.

ANALYSIS OF REGULATORY AND LEGAL SUPPORT FOR THE PREVENTION OF DIABETES MELLITUS IN CHILDREN

Diabetes mellitus has become one of the most prevalent chronic diseases in childhood today. International forecasts suggest that the incidence of diabetes will continue to rise in the coming decades, leading to a lifelong burden for millions of children worldwide. Therefore, prediction, prevention, and optimal treatment of diabetes, as well as early prevention of serious long-term complications, remain essential. Providing highly qualified medical care to diabetic patients is a crucial step in preventing the development of complications. The purpose of this article is to review existing research on diabetes prevention strategies for children, considering the different levels of medical care support available. Materials and Methods. This study investigates the organization of preventive care for children with diabetes in Ukraine. Researchers employed three key methods: bibliosemantic analysis, content analysis focused on analyzing Ukraine relevant regulations and legal frameworks, and the method of systemic approach and analysis to gain a comprehensive understanding of how preventive care is currently organized for children with diabetes in Ukraine. Results. In Ukraine, preventive measures and the provision of medical care to pediatric patients with diabetes in the past years and today are regulated by a number of documents and orders of the Ministry of Health. As part of the Comprehensive Program “Diabetes Mellitus” (1999) and in accordance with the Order of the Ministry of Health of Ukraine “On Improving the Organization of Providing Endocrinological Care to the Population of Ukraine” (2006), the State Register of Patients with Diabetes Mellitus (SYNADIAB) was created. The next step was the approval of the State Target Program “Diabetes Mellitus”. Subsequently, the Project of the national program “Health 2020: Ukrainian Dimension” became an effective tool, which outlined the main principles of the program implementation in the “Endocrinology” section for 2013-2020. It defined measures at all stages of diabetes prevention, such as primary prevention, which consists of maintaining and strengthening the general state of health and preventing or delaying the development of diabetes; secondary prevention should improve early detection of diabetes mellitus; tertiary prevention, which ensures the effectiveness and safety of treatment of children with diabetes to prevent the development of long-term complications. Today, the guidelines for the management of children with diabetes mellitus have been continued in such documents as “Diabetes Mellitus in Children”, Evidence-Based Clinical Guidelines (2023) and Standards of Care (2023). Conclusion. Diabetes mellitus is a chronic disease that ranks third in prevalence after cardiovascular and cancerous diseases and second in the structure of endocrine diseases after thyroid gland pathology. Today, the prevalence of diabetes mellitus among children is constantly increasing and, therefore, solving the issues associated with this disease is one of the priority tasks for the national health care system. This is because diabetes mellitus is associated with a high risk of complications leading to loss of work capacity, disability, and mortality across various population groups. Organizing high-quality medical care and establishing an effective prevention system based on the latest medical technologies is crucial. Diabetes demands attention. Understanding the risks and prevention of the disease can significantly increase the chances of protection and a long, healthy life through timely treatment.

Health and wellbeing status of the long-lived individuals of the Spanish LONGECYL cross-sectional study

BackgroundThe increase in life expectancy and long-lived individuals is a challenge for public health and provides an opportunity to understand the determinants of longevity. However, few studies have addressed the factors associated with the health status and quality of life in a long-lived individual population. We described the perceived health, clinical status, quality of life, and dependency for activities of daily living in a representative population in Castile and Leon, Spain.MethodsA sample of 759 long-lived individuals aged 95 years and older was studied by the Health Sentinel Network of Castile and Leon (Spain) through a health examination and a structured questionnaire covering quality of life (EQ-5D-3), lifestyle habits, diet, working life and family health. A blood sample was taken for the study of biological and genetic markers. Chi Square and logistic regression OR with 95% confidence intervals were used to analyze the determinants of the long-lived individuals’ health status. The significant level for the bivariate analysis was established at 0.05.ResultsPerceived health was good, very good or excellent in 64.2%, while only 46.0% had a quality-of-life index above 0.5 (ranging from 0 to 1) and 44.1% maintained acceptable independence for activities of daily living. Quality-of-life index was higher in the oldest, (OR 7.98 [2,32-27.41]) above 100 years compared to those under 98, and men had better values for independence than women (OR 2.43 [1.40–4.29]). Cardiovascular diseases were the most prevalent (85.5%), but neurological and mental diseases and vision problems had the highest impact on quality of life and independence.ConclusionThe long-lived individuals of Castile and Leon have a relatively well-preserved health status, although the perception of health is higher than that describing their quality of life and dependence. The quality of life was higher in the oldest age group and showed differences according to sex, with a better quality of life in men. Public health policies and programs should take in account the differences by sex and age as well as the prevention and control of the main conditions related with poor quality of life or dependence. Future research must include the interaction among genetic, socioeconomic, environmental, and other clinical factors in the quality of life and disability of long-lived individuals.