Prevalence Of Diabetes In Patients Research Articles

Compendium of polycystic ovarian syndrome and its relevance in glycation and diabetes

Polycystic ovarian syndrome (PCOS) is one of the most common endocrine and reproductive disorders observed in women. Its pathophysiology indicates its involvement in plenitude of diseases and/ or disorders. Although the absolute cause of PCOS has not been established, its prevalence in diabetic patients is noteworthy. Glycation and insulin resistance being key factors in diabetes, the present review tries to study their correlation with PCOS. Amongst the available drugs, four commonly prescribed drugs namely, metformin, inositol, thiazolidinediones, and spironolactone have been discussed. The current review also provides insights about usage of M. oleifera and S. platensis as a potential therapeutic agent for symptomatic relief of PCOS.

Quality of diabetes care among patients with schizophrenia. A mixed-methods study

ObjectivesPatients with schizophrenia are at high risk of developing diabetes. Our study aimed to determine the prevalence of diabetes in patients with schizophrenia and assess their quality of diabetes care. We further aimed to explore the factors affecting diabetes care in patients with schizophrenia. Research design and methodsWe conducted a retrospective review of medical records for patients presenting with schizophrenia from October 2017 to October 2018. Thereafter, we conducted semi-structured interviews based on the Theoretical Domains Framework to explore healthcare providers' attitudes and perspectives toward diabetes care in patients with schizophrenia at a tertiary hospital for mental health services in Saudi Arabia. ResultsThe prevalence of diabetes in patients with schizophrenia was 3.7%. The rates of annual testing for quality indicators of diabetes were 8.6% for HgbA1c and 31.4% for low-density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDL-C). Screenings for albuminuria and examinations of the eyes and feet were not conducted. Documentation of smoking status was done infrequently (8.6%). The in-depth interviews uncovered issues with managing diabetes in patients with schizophrenia. We identified four themes: the consequences of poor quality diabetic care provided to patients with schizophrenia; problems with the identification of diabetes in patients with schizophrenia; challenges in the management of patients with both diabetes and schizophrenia; and opportunities to improve the quality of diabetes care provided to patients with schizophrenia. ConclusionsThis study identified areas that need a considerable amount of work to be undertaken in Saudi Arabia to help patients with schizophrenia. There are numerous opportunities for improving the quality of Type 2 diabetes care such as the involvement of pharmacists to effectively manage diabetes and expanding community-based health services to include mental health, which could accelerate improved care services.

Prevalence of Diabetes Mellitus among Pulmonary TB Patients in a Tertiary Care Hospital of Ahmedabad City, Gujarat

Introduction: Diabetes Mellitus and Tuberculosis are two major diseases that often present together and complicate each other at many levels. The epidemic growth of Diabetes Mellitus has occurred in developing countries where Tuberculosis (TB) is highly endemic. As a result, Diabetes Mellitus and TB are increasingly present together. Objectives: To estimate the prevalence of diabetes in tuberculosis patients currently on DOTS treatment and to determine the socio-demographic factors associated with it. Method: A cross sectional study was carried out among pulmonary TB patients receiving DOTS treatment. Total 340 patients were included using convenient sampling who received treatment between August and October 2018. Results: Out of 340 patients, 208 (61%) were males and 132 (39%) were females. The prevalence of diabetes in patients of tuberculosis was found to be 11.5%. Among diabetics, 59% had only diabetes and 41% had other co-morbid disease apart from it. About 56.4% of diabetic TB patients were consuming tobacco. Age, Illiteracy, re-treatment regime were significantly associated with presence of diabetes among TB patients.Conclusion: Diabetes was found to be prevalent in 11.5% of the patients of tuberculosis. Diabetes is significantly associated with the severity of TB, old age and literacy of the TB patients in this study.

Prevalence of obesity and diabetes in older people with sarcopenia defined according to EWGSOP2 and FNHI criteria

BackgroundAlthough the prevalence of sarcopenic obesity is increasing, nowadays a universally accepted definition still does not exist. Because, this clinical entity is defined as the combination of obesity and sarcopenia, the diagnosis appears to be strictly linked to criteria used for sarcopenia and the available prevalence data are not uniform. To investigate the prevalence of sarcopenic obesity in older persons according to EWGSOP2 and FNIH criteria. Second, to evaluate the prevalence of diabetes in patients with sarcopenia diagnosed by the two definitions.MethodsObservational multicenter study performed in 2014 on older patients admitted to 12 Italian hospitals (GLISTEN Study). Data were collected through standardized questionnaires, which assessed: socio-demographic data, cognitive status, functional abilities, pharmacological therapy, comorbidities, and blood tests. Moreover, muscle mass and strength and physical performance were evaluated.ResultsSix hundred and ten were included in the analyses. Among sarcopenic patients, the prevalence of sarcopenic obesity was 30.8% with FNIH and 0% with EWGSOP2 criteria. According to EWGSOP2 criteria, 23.7% of sarcopenic and 30.8% of non-sarcopenic patients were affected by diabetes (p = 0.101); otherwise, using FNIH criteria, 36.3% of sarcopenic and 26.9% of non-sarcopenic patients were diabetic (p = 0.030). After adjustment for potential confounders, diabetic patients had a 73% higher probability of being sarcopenic according to FNIH criteria (OR 1.73; 95% CI 1.13–2.64).ConclusionsThe EWGSOP2 and FNIH sarcopenia criteria are differently related to the prevalence of obesity and diabetes. The EWGSOP2 criteria seem to be not suitable to identify people with sarcopenic obesity.

English

BACKGROUND This study intended to evaluate the prevalence of chronic orofacial pain in diabetic patients and its characteristics. METHODS In this cross-sectional study, 1300 patients referred to the Diabetes Centre of Taleghani Hospital in Kermanshah in 2019 were studied. The data collection tool was a questionnaire including demographic sections, medical history, and clinical findings. Data analysis was performed using SPSS software version 18, and the significance level was considered 0.05. RESULTS The prevalence of chronic orofacial pain in diabetics was 11.8 %. Headaches with a prevalence of 6.7 % were the most common chronic pain, followed by neuropathic pain with 2.54 % and TMJ pain with 2.38 %. The results showed that with an increase in FBS (Fasting Blood Sugar) and HbA1c (Haemoglobin A1c) variables, the prevalence of chronic orofacial pain also increased (P < 0.001). People under 40 and over 60 years were more likely to have TMJ pain (P < 0.001). Also, the duration of pain showed a statistically significant relationship with age and FBS. In patients under 50 years of age, the highest frequency was related to pain persistence less than 30 minutes, and in older ages, the prevalence of pain lasting more than 3 hours was higher (P < 0.02). Also, with an increase in FBS, the duration of pain increased (P < 0.05). The relationship between perceived pain intensity and type of diabetes was significant (P < 0.001). There was also a statistically significant and inverse relationship between pain intensity and age (P < 0.001, ρ = - 0.473). CONCLUSIONS Migraine headaches, chronic neuropathic pain, and TMJ complication have high prevalence in diabetic patients, and management of these pain should be put under consideration by clinicians. KEY WORDS Diabetes, Chronic Orofacial Pain, Prevalence

THE ASSOCIATION OF DIABETES DURATION WITH THE SEVERITY OF DIABETIC RETINOPATHY

Background: The prevalence of diabetic patients is increasing over the years. It will increase the incidence of microvascular complications due to prolonged hyperglycemia in diabetic patient. Diabetic retinopathy is one of microvascular complication which is one of the leading causes of blindness in the world. Prolonged hyperglycemia in diabetic patient cause toxicity to the retina which cause nerve and vascular damage and death to the retina. In this study was analyzed the association of diabetes duration with the severity of diabetic retinopathy associated with many cases of delay in diagnosing diabetes recentlyObjective: This study aims to investigate the association of diabetes duration with the severity of diabetic retinopathyMethods: A cross-sectional design was performed by collecting data from the medical records of diabetic patients who were diagnosed with diabetic retinopathy in Diponegoro National Hospital in July-December 2019 using purposive sampling method. Research subjects were 51 patients who fulfilled the inclusion and exclusion criteria. The data were analyzed using non-parametric Chi Square test with p < 0.05 was considered statistically significant.Results: Prevalence was more in the age group of 51-60 years (45,1%), female (58,8%), diabetics <5 years (41,2%), and PDR (72,6%). Chi Square analysis shows no statistically significant association between duration of diabetes with the severity of diabetic retinopathy (p = 0,881)Conclusion: There was no statistically significant association between duration of diabetes with the severity of diabetic retinopathy

Diabetes como factor de riesgo de mortalidad intrahospitalaria en pacientes con COVID-19: revisión sistemática

Diabetes mellitus has been directly related to an increase in mortality associated with COVID-19, for which reason it was decided to carry out this analysis. Objective: to systematically examine the available empirical studies that report on diabetes as a risk factor for in-hospital mortality in patients with COVID-19. Methodology: A systematic review of publications indexed in the following browsers were performed: Pubmed, Scielo, Hindawi, Latindex, Redalyc, Scopus, Taylor and Francis, Springer Link, Web of Science, EBSCO, in a period between the end of 2019 and the beginning of 2021, choosing those that were related to the topic to be treated, in a complementary way this search was made using the keywords mentioned below: “coronavirus disease 2”, “COVID-19”, “SARS-CoV2”, “Coronavirus”, “Mortality”, “Prediction”, “Predictor”, “adults”, “diabetes”, “hyperglycemia”, “death”, and the connections of these with Boolean connectors” AND” and “OR” were made. Results: 23 articles were studied that met the selection criteria, where most of the publications were retrospective with distribution according to the sex of 56.6% for males and 43.4% for females, with a prevalence of diabetes in patients with COVID-19 on average of 20.71% with 54.41% in men and 45.59% for women, at an average age of 66.57 years. Conclusion: in general, this comorbidity has a higher incidence in people infected by the type of coronavirus, in the same way, in almost all of the articles evaluated it was identified that diabetes was an independent risk factor for mortality from COVID-19.

Treatment outcomes of patients with tuberculosis and diabetes: A prospective cohort study from India.

Tuberculosis (TB) and diabetes mellitus (DM) are significant causes of morbidity and mortality in developing countries. This study aimed to explore the relationship between diabetes and TB. This was a prospective cohort study in which all newly diagnosed inpatients with TB above the age of 18 years during the study period (September 2018 to August 2020) were included. Fasting sugars and glycosylated hemoglobin (HbA1c) levels were recorded at the baseline, 3rd month, and 6th month in the diabetic patients on antitubercular therapy (ATT). Treatment outcomes were measured in both the diabetic and the nondiabetic groups. The prevalence of diabetes in patients with TB admitted at our tertiary care hospital was found to be 38.5%. A favorable treatment outcome was seen in 96.3% of the patients with DM when compared to 95.6% in those without diabetes. A decreasing trend of HbA1c and fasting sugars was noticed in patients with DM during ATT. The screening of DM in patients with TB can help in early diagnosis and better glycemic control which may improve the possibility of favorable outcomes.

The prevalence of type 2 diabetes in patients with COVID-19: a systematic review and meta-analysis

Background. A strong link between morbidity andmortality from COVID-19 and diabetes mellitus is reported by many studies. The present study estimated the pooled prevalence of diabetes in patients with COVID-19. Methods. International scientific databases were searched until 15 April 2020. There was no limitation in time and language of the published papers. Quality assessment of studies was performed using the Newcastle-Ottawa Scale (NOS) checklist. The random effects model was used to report the pooled prevalence with 95% confidence interval (CI). Results. The pooled prevalence of diabetes in patients with COVID-19 was 14% (95% CI: 11.17). Due to high heterogeneity (I2 of 93.4%, P < 0.001), three subgroups were analyzed based on study location, age and sex. The prevalence of diabetes (P) was higher among male patients (P = 16%, 95% CI: 0.12, 0.20), patients aged ≥ 65 years (P = 19%, 95% CI: 0.08, 0.31). The prevalence of diabetes was 15% (95% CI: 0.10, 0.20) among patients in Wuhan, China and 10% in patients in other cities in China (95% CI: 0.06, 0.15), and 39% in patients from other countries (95% CI: 0.04, 0.74). Conclusion. According to the results of this systematic review, the prevalence of diabetes in patients with COVID-19 is higher in other countries compared to China. The prevalence of diabetes among COVID-19 patients was also significantly higher in men and elderlies. This evidence may be useful for health policymakers to design suitable preventive and therapeutic interventions in patients with diabetes and COVID-19.

Burden of diabetes mellitus and its impact on COVID-19 patients: A meta-analysis of real-world evidence

Background & aimsCoronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) spreads rapidly and within no time, it has been declared a pandemic by the World Health Organization. Evidence suggests diabetes to be a risk factor for the progression and poor prognosis of COVID-19. Therefore, we aimed to understand the pooled prevalence of diabetes in patients infected with COVID-19. We also aimed to compute the risk of mortality and ICU admissions in COVID-19 patients with and without diabetes. MethodsA comprehensive literature search was performed in PubMed to identify the articles reporting the diabetes prevalence and risk of mortality or ICU admission in COVID-19 patients. The primary outcome was to compute the pooled prevalence of diabetes in COVID-19 patients. Secondary outcomes included risk of mortality and ICU admissions in COVID-19 patients with diabetes compared to patients without diabetes. ResultsThis meta-analysis was based on a total of 23007 patients from 43 studies. The pooled prevalence of diabetes in patients infected with COVID-19 was found to be 15% (95% CI: 12%–18%), p = <0.0001. Mortality risk was found to be significantly higher in COVID-19 patients with diabetes as compared to COVID-19 patients without diabetes with a pooled risk ratio of 1.61 (95% CI: 1.16–2.25%), p = 0.005. Likewise, risk of ICU admission rate was significantly higher in COVID-19 patients with diabetes as compared to COVID-19 patients without diabetes with a pooled risk ratio of 1.88 (1.20%–2.93%), p = 0.006. ConclusionThis meta-analysis found a high prevalence of diabetes and higher mortality and ICU admission risk in COVID-19 patients with diabetes.

Incidence of different types of Myocardial Infarctions (MI) in diabetic and non-diabetic patients in cardiology unit of Lady Reading Hospital, Peshawar

Introduction: In past few decades prevalence of diabetes in patients with myocardial infarction has been remarkably increased. Diabetes mellitus has been well defined as a cardiovascular determinant in emergent nations. Myocardial infarction is the common cause of mortality and morbidity worldwide. Globally over 15.9 million myocardial infarction appeared in 2015. Cardiovascular events represent 80% of total deaths due to diabetes mellitus. Therefore, the objective was to determine the incidence of different types of myocardial infarctions in correlation with presence or absence of diabetes mellitus. Material &amp; Methods: This was a cross sectional study carried out at Lady Reading Hospital Peshawar on 160 participants calculated by online calculator. Convenience sampling was applied, and subjects admitted in cardiology unit, CCU and emergency department of the hospital with the complaint of known myocardial infarction included. Pre-formed proforma was used to collect data from cardiology ward and CCU. Results: Total of 160 subjects were included in this study. 101 subjects (63.1%) were male while share of female subjects in the study was 59 (36.9%). Mean age of the participants was 57.54 ± 11.43 (mean±S.D) and a range of 32-91 years. Diabetes was present in 85 (53.1%) participants while other 75 participants (46.9%) were non-diabetics. Anterior MI was seen in 36 diabetic subjects, inferior MI in 23, Lateral MI in 8, 14 were with extensive wall MI, 2 antero-lateral 2 &amp; infero-lateral MI in 2 diabetic subjects. Among non-diabetic participants, anterior MI was seen in 31 subjects, 11 had inferior MI, 14 were with lateral MI, 11 had extensive MI, 5 subjects showed antero-lateral and 3 were with infero-lateral MI of the heart. Conclusion: Incidence of MI was found more in diabetics as compared to non-diabetics. Anterior wall MI was commonest among diabetic participants.

Incidence and prevalence of diabetes in patients with myocardial infarction: A study in a secondary care hospital

Incidence and prevalence of diabetes in patients with myocardial infarction: A study in a secondary care hospital

Assessment of risk, severity, mortality, glycemic control and antidiabetic agents in patients with diabetes and COVID-19: A narrative review

AimsRising prevalence of non-communicable diseases world-wide has made diabetes an important comorbidity in patients with coronavirus disease-19 (COVID-19). We sought to review the risk, severity and mortality in COVID-19 and its relation to the glycemic control, and role of anti-diabetic agents in patients with diabetes. MethodsA Boolean search was made in PubMed, MedRxiv and Google Scholar database until May 10, 2020 and full articles with supplementary appendix were retrieved using the specific key words related to the topic. ResultsThere is a high prevalence of diabetes in patients with COVID-19. Patients with diabetes had a significantly more severe variety of COVID-19 and increased mortality, compared to the groups without diabetes. Moreover, poor glycemic control is associated with a significantly higher severe COVID-19 and increased mortality, compared to the well-controlled glycemic groups. No data currently available for or against any anti-diabetic agents in COVID-19. ConclusionsDiabetes, in particular poorly-controlled group is associated with a significantly higher risk of severe COVID-19 and mortality. This calls for an optimal glycemic control and an increased emphasis on future preventative therapies including the vaccination programs for these groups in addition to the traditional risk prevention such as social distancing and self-isolation.

1420-P: Trends in Cardiovascular and Economic Outcomes of Patients Hospitalized for Stroke and Diabetes in the U.S.: Data from the National Inpatient Sample (2005-2014)

Background: As the prevalence of diabetes is increasing worldwide, our aim is to assess the recent cardiovascular and economic trend in outcomes of patients with stroke and diabetes in the U.S. Methods: Data from the National Inpatient Sample was analyzed between 2005 to 2014. We studied: In-hospital mortality, length of stay (LoS) and overall hospital charges in patients hospitalized for stroke, &amp;gt;18 years of age and known to have diabetes. Results: The prevalence of diabetes gradually increased from 28.2% to 35.5% in all patients hospitalized for stroke (p trend&amp;lt;0.001) between 2005 and 2014. In those patients with diabetes, mean (SD) age slightly decreased from 70 (13) years to 69 (13) years (p trend &amp;lt;0.001). Interestingly, hospitalization for stroke increased from 17.4 to 20.0/100 000 U.S. adults (p trend &amp;lt;0.001). However, in-hospital age-adjusted mortality decreased from 4.64% to 3.73% (p trend &amp;lt;0.001). Age-adjusted mortality of hemorrhagic strokes - which represent only a small proportion of all strokes- decreased from 28.1% to 23.1%, that of ischemic strokes decreased from 3.23% to 2.48% (p trend &amp;lt;0.01 for both) whereas that of TIA was almost stable and lower than 0.2%. As expected, total charges of hospital stay almost doubled as they went up from 15,970 to 31,018 USD/stay (adjusted for inflation). Nevertheless, median (IQR) LoS slightly decreased from 4 (2-6) to 3 (2-6) days (p trend &amp;lt;0.05). Conclusion: Our preliminary data show that the prevalence of diabetes in patients hospitalized for stroke is gradually increasing. Moreover, hospitalization for stroke is also increasing. Nevertheless, in-hospital mortality is on a descending slope, which comes at a price of an almost 2-fold increase in hospital charges from 2005 to 2014. Disclosure A. Tabbalat: None. S.R. Dargham: None. M.B. Elshazly: Stock/Shareholder; Self; Ember Medical. C. Abi Khalil: None.

Is diabetes mellitus associated with mortality and severity of COVID-19? A meta-analysis

BackgroundMany studies on COVID-19 have reported diabetes to be associated with severe disease and mortality, however, the data is conflicting. The objectives of this meta-analysis were to explore the relationship between diabetes and COVID-19 mortality and severity, and to determine the prevalence of diabetes in patients with COVID-19. MethodsWe searched the PubMed for case-control studies in English, published between Jan 1 and Apr 22, 2020, that had data on diabetes in patients with COVID-19. The frequency of diabetes was compared between patients with and without the composite endpoint of mortality or severity. Random effects model was used with odds ratio as the effect size. We also determined the pooled prevalence of diabetes in patients with COVID-19. Heterogeneity and publication bias were taken care by meta-regression, sub-group analyses, and trim and fill methods. ResultsWe included 33 studies (16,003 patients) and found diabetes to be significantly associated with mortality of COVID-19 with a pooled odds ratio of 1.90 (95% CI: 1.37–2.64; p < 0.01). Diabetes was also associated with severe COVID-19 with a pooled odds ratio of 2.75 (95% CI: 2.09–3.62; p < 0.01). The combined corrected pooled odds ratio of mortality or severity was 2.16 (95% CI: 1.74–2.68; p < 0.01). The pooled prevalence of diabetes in patients with COVID-19 was 9.8% (95% CI: 8.7%–10.9%) (after adjusting for heterogeneity). ConclusionsDiabetes in patients with COVID-19 is associated with a two-fold increase in mortality as well as severity of COVID-19, as compared to non-diabetics. Further studies on the pathogenic mechanisms and therapeutic implications need to be done.

Prevalence of gastro-esophageal reflux in diabetic patients at a tertiary hospital in Central Saudi Arabia

Objectives:To estimate the prevalence of gastro-esophageal reflux disease (GERD) among diabetic patients and to investigate GERD’s potential association with diabetic complications, and patients’ sociodemographic and clinical characteristics.Methods:This cross-sectional study used the GERD questionnaire (GerdQ) in 403 diabetic patients attending the outpatient clinics at King Khalid University Hospital, King Saud University Medical City, King Saud University; a tertiary hospital in Riyadh, Saudi Arabia, between January and February 2019. On the basis of a cutoff GerdQ score of 8, we distinguished GERD and non-GERD groups.Results:Gastro-esophageal reflux disease prevalence was 44.9%. Of the diabetic patients with GERD, 76.8% were female (p<0.001). Gastro-esophageal reflux disease patients were older (mean age: 55.27, p=0.038) and had a slightly higher body mass index (BMI) than non-GERD (32.04 versus, 30.20 p=0.006), respectively. Smokers in the GERD group were 1.7% versus 7.2% in the non-GERD group (p=0.007). Peripheral numbness (p=0.023) and nephropathy (p=0.041) were more prevalent in patients with GERD, while myocardial infarction was more prevalent in non-GERD subjects (p=0.038). On multi variable analysis, the only independent GERD risk factors were female gender (p=0.013) and age >65 years (p=0.007).Conclusion:Gastro-esophageal reflux disease prevalence in diabetic patients was 45%. Diabetic patients with GERD were more often female and older >65 years. None of the other tested factors (BMI, smoking status, diabetes mellitus duration, therapeutic plan, or diabetic complications) showed significant difference between GERD and non-GERD groups.

STEVIA IMPROVES THE ANTIHYPERGLYCEMIC EFFECT OF METFORMIN IN STREPTOZOTOCIN-INDUCED DIABETIC RATS: A NOVEL STRATEGY IN TYPE 2 DIABETES MELLITUS

Diabetes mellitus is a major health problem that threatens the whole world. According to WHO reports, the prevalence of diabetic patients in egyptis expected to increase from 2,623,000 in 2000 to be 6,726,000 in 2030. Metformin is the first line drug for type 2 diabetes mellitus, which can be used alone or in combination with other drugs. However, the concomitant use of metformin with stevia needs more investigation to clarify the role of this combination as a new strategy in type 2 diabetes mellitus. Type 2 diabetes mellitus was induced in rats by i.p. injection of STZ and NA. Animals were divided into five groups, each contains 8 rats. Group I: negative control, group II: diabetic control received saline, group III: diabetic rats received 400 mg/kg/day stevia aqueous extract, group IV: diabetic rats received metformin 250 mg/kg/day, group V: diabetic rats received stevia 400 mg/kg/day + metformin 250 mg/kg/day. After 3 weeks blood samples were collected, animals were sacrificed and tissue samples were collected. Biochemical parameters including FBG, serum insulin, serum DPP-4, TC, TG, LDL, HDL, GSH and MDA were measured by colorimetric and ELISA methods. Both stevia and metformin significantly reduced FBG level. While serum insulin significantly increased. Serum DPP-4 was significantly reduced in all treated groups, concerning lipid profile, stevia and metformin significantly lowered TC, TG, LDLand increased HDL. Both stevia and metformin significantly decreased MDA and increased GSH compared to diabetic rats. In addition, stevia significantly improved the antidiabetic effects of metformin. Stevia has an antihyperglycemic effect and could increase the antidiabetic activity of metformin. DPP-4 attenuation, antioxidant and insulin-sensitizing effects may be involved in the antidiabetic action of stevia. Regarding lipid profile stevia showed hypolipidemic effect.

Thyroid dysfunction prevalence and relation to glycemic control in patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus

ObjectiveIt is usually difficult to clinically identify thyroid abnormalities in diabetics as features of thyroid dysfunction may simulate diabetes symptoms or complications. So, assessing thyroid dysfunction prevalence in patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus (DM) would help better control of DM and its complications. Several studies reported this prevalence, however, some included small sample size or lacked a control group. We aimed to determine thyroid dysfunction prevalence in diabetic patients as well as its relation to glycemic control. MethodsA cross-sectional study included 200 patients having type 2 DM and 200 apparently healthy controls. Each participant was tested for fasting and 2-h post-prandial blood glucose, glycated haemoglobin (HbA1C), thyroid function tests: thyroid-stimulating hormone (TSH), free tri-iodothyronine (FT3), free thyroxine (FT4), serum total cholesterol and triglycerides and thyroid antibodies; anti-thyroid peroxidase (anti-TPO) and anti-thyroglobulin (anti-Tg) for hypothyroidism only. ResultsThere was a significant increase in serum TSH and T3 levels in diabetics when compared with the controls, (P < 0.001, P = 0.001), respectively. Thyroid dysfunction was significantly more prevalent in patients with HbA1c ≥ 8%, (P = 0.0001), and in those having longer diabetes duration, (P < 0.001). ConclusionThere was a higher prevalence of thyroid dysfunction among patients with type 2 DM. This dysfunction increased with the rise of HbA1c. This could suggest that poor glycemic control may have a role in the development of thyroid dysfunction in type 2 DM patients. Subclinical hypothyroidism was the most prevalent type of thyroid dysfunction in diabetic patients.

1813-P: An Experimental Model to Combat the Increased Prevalence of Diabetes in Alzheimer’s Disease

Alzheimer’s disease is associated with many other disorders of healthful aging; one of the most prominent is the increased prevalence of diabetes in patients with Alzheimer’s, resulting in almost twice the number of hospitalizations compared with that of non-Alzheimer’s patients. The goal of this investigation was to discover an animal model that was protected both from Alzheimer’s Disease and diabetes. The adenylyl cyclase type 5 (AC5) knockout (KO) was selected since it not only lives a third longer than its wild type (WT), but is also a model of healthful aging, with improved metabolism, enhanced exercise capacity and protection against obesity and diabetes. Accordingly, we compared the AC5 KO with that of the J20 mouse, a model for Alzheimer’s disease. Comparisons were made among AC5 KO, J20 and WT mice for behavioral tests indicative of Alzheimer’s and diabetes protection as reflected by the glucose tolerance test. All 3 behavioral tests studied demonstrated that AC5 KO were protected compared to WT, whereas the J20 mice demonstrated behavioral alterations consistent with Alzheimer’s Disease. For example, the water maze test, used to assess spatial learning and memory, demonstrated the expected 134± 7.6% deficit, p&amp;lt;0.05, in the J20 mice, in contrast to the 38± 3.0% improvement, in performance, p&amp;lt;0.05, in AC5 KO. The glucose tolerance test (GTT) also demonstrated protection in AC5 KO and impaired GTT in the J20 mice, i.e., the area under the curve following 1g/kg IP glucose, was 47± 5.2% less, p&amp;lt;0.05, in AC5 KO compared to WT, whereas it was 137± 10.2% higher, p&amp;lt;.05, than WT in the J20 mice. Thus, the AC5 KO mice were protected both against impaired GTT and behavioral changes associated with Alzheimer’s disease, suggesting that inhibition of AC5 would be a novel therapeutic modality, not only for diabetes, but also for the diabetes associated with Alzheimer’s Disease. Disclosure D. Babici: None. J. Zhang: None. M. Oydanich: None. K. Nishimura: None. D.E. Vatner: None. M. Mouradian: None. S.F. Vatner: None. Funding National Institutes of Health (R01HL102472, R01HL106511, R01HL119464, R01HL124282, R01HL130848, R01HL137368, R01HL137405, R21AG053514)

SUN-144 High Prevalence of Diabetes in Patients with Primary Aldosteronism (PA) Associated with Subclinical Hypercortisolism and Prediabetes More Prevalent in Bilateral Than Unilateral PA

INTRODUCTION: Primary aldosteronism (PA) is characterized by the autonomous production of aldosterone, usually from an aldosterone producing adenoma in one adrenal gland or idiopathic hyperaldosteronism, with bilateral adrenal lesions. It has been suggested that aldosterone overproduction, hypokalemia, or the complication of subclinical hypercortisolism (SH) in patients with PA, are related to impaired glucose homeostasis and insulin resistance. However, the true contributions of these factors to disturbances of carbohydrate metabolism in PA have not been investigated thoroughly from a large-scale epidemiologic viewpoint. In the present study, the true prevalence of glucose intolerance in more than 2000 patients with PA and its association with aldosterone concentration, hypokalemia, and SH were studied in a multicenter collaborative study. METHODS: The prevalence of diabetes was determined in 2210 patients with PA (diagnosed or HbA1c ≥6.5%, NGSP) and compared with that of the Japanese general population from the National Survey of the Ministry of Health, Labour and Welfare in 2016, according to age and sex. In 1386 patients with PA and clear laterality (unilateral or bilateral), the effects of plasma aldosterone concentration (PAC), hypokalemia (<3.5 mEq/L), suspected SH (serum cortisol ≥1.8 μg/dL after 1-mg dexamethasone suppression test) and PA laterality on the prevalence of diabetes or prediabetes (5.7%≤HbA1c<6.5%) were examined. RESULTS: Of the 2210 patients with PA, 477 (21.6%) had diabetes, this prevalence of being higher than that of the general population (12.1%) or in 10 year cohorts aged 30 to 69 years. According to the χ2 test, diabetes was present significantly more frequently in PA patients with suspected SH (26.8%) than in those with F-1mgDST <1.8 μg/dL (16.9%; p=0.001). When using logistic regression analysis, it was found that age, sex, BMI, and F-1mgDST ≥1.8 μg/dL were significant contributing factors to the presence of diabetes, whereas laterality of PA was not a significant factor. Despite more active PA profiles (e.g. higher PAC, lower potassium concentrations) in unilateral than bilateral PA, BMI and HbA1c values were significantly higher in bilateral PA. PA laterality had no effect on prevalence of diabetes; however, prevalence of prediabetes was significantly higher in bilateral than unilateral PA. CONCLUSIONS: Individuals with PA have a high prevalence of diabetes, which is associated mainly with SH. The prevalence of prediabetes is greater for bilateral than unilateral PA, suggesting a unique metabolic cause of bilateral PA. SUPPORT: This research was supported by the Japan Agency for Medical Research and Development (AMED) for the Practical Research Project for Rare/Intractable Disease.