Prevalence Of Colorectal Carcinoma Research Articles

Chemopreventive effect of a milk whey by-product derived from Buffalo (Bubalus bubalis) in protecting from colorectal carcinogenesis

BackgroundSeveral studies show that natural foods are a source of compounds with anticancer properties that affect the gut microbiota and its metabolites. In the present study, we investigate the effect of a delactosed buffalo milk whey by-product (DMW) on colorectal carcinogenesis.MethodsThe effect of DMW on colorectal carcinoma (CRC) was investigated in the established mouse model of azoxymethane (AOM)-induced colon carcinoma, which closely resembles the human clinical condition of CRC. The effect of DMW on CRC immortalized cell lines was also evaluated to further identify the antineoplastic mechanism of action.ResultsPretreatment of AOM-treated mice with DMW significantly (P < 0.05) reduced the percentage of mice bearing both aberrant crypt foci with more than four crypts (which are early precancerous lesions that progress to CRC) and tumors. In addition, DMW completely counteracted the effect of AOM on protein expression of caspase-9, cleaved caspase-3 and poly ADP-ribose polymerase in colonic tissue. Administration of DMW alone (i.e. without AOM) resulted in changes in the composition of the gut microbiota, leading to enrichment or depletion of genera associated with health and disease, respectively. DMW was also able to restore AOM-induced changes in specific genera of the gut microbiota. Specifically, DMW reduced the genera Atopobiaceae, Ruminococcus 1 and Lachnospiraceae XPB1014 and increased the genera Parabacteroides and Candidatus Saccharimonas, which were increased and reduced, respectively, by AOM. Blood levels of butyric acid and cancer diagnostic markers (5-methylcytidine and glycerophosphocholine), which were increased by AOM treatment, were reduced by DMW. Furthermore, DMW exerted cytotoxic effects on two human CRC cell lines (HCT116 and HT29) and these effects were associated with the induction of apoptotic signaling.ConclusionsOur results suggest that DMW exerts chemopreventive effects and restores the gut microbiota in AOM-induced CRC, and induces cytotoxic effect on CRC cells. DMW could be an important dietary supplement to support a healthy gut microbiota and reduce the prevalence of CRC in humans.ATYCseWUm9Z2DGDMVykgy6Video

Clinicopathological characteristics of colorectal serrated polyposis syndrome (SPS): results of a multicenter study by the SPS Study Group in Japan

Serrated polyposis syndrome (SPS), a type of colorectal polyposis characterized by multiple serrated polyps, is associated with a high risk of colorectal carcinoma (CRC). This study aimed to clarify the clinicopathological characteristics of SPS in Japan. We investigated the clinicopathological characteristics of patients with SPS from the "Multicenter Study on Clinicopathological Characteristics of SPS (UMIN 000032138)" by the Colorectal Serrated Polyposis Syndrome (SPS) Study Group. In this study, patients were diagnosed with SPS based on the 2019 World Health Organization (WHO) SPS diagnostic criteria. Ninety-four patients were diagnosed with SPS in 10 institutions between January 2001 and December 2017. The mean number (± standard deviation [SD]) of resected lesions per patient was 11.3 ± 13.8. The mean age at diagnosis of SPS was 63.3 ± 11.6years, and 58 patients (61.7%) were male. Eighty-seven (92.6%) and 16 (17.0%) patients satisfied WHO diagnostic criteria I and II, respectively. Nine patients (9.6%) satisfied both criteria I and II. Carcinoma (T1-T4) were observed in 21 patients (22.3%) and 24 lesions. Of the 21 patients with CRC, 19 (90.4%) satisfied diagnostic criterion I, 1 (4.8%) satisfied diagnostic criterion II, and 1 (4.8%) satisfied diagnostic criteria I and II. There was no notable difference in the prevalence of CRC among patients who met diagnostic criterion I, II, and both I and II. Patients with SPS have a high risk of CRC and should undergo regular surveillance colonoscopy. Raising awareness of this syndrome is crucial.

Prevalence of Colorectal Carcinoma With Respect to Age and Gender

Aim: Prevalence of colorectal carcinoma with respect to age and gender Study design: Observational / cross sectional study. Place and duration of study: This study was conducted at the Department of Pathology and Surgery, Post Graduate Medical Institute Lahore and Jinnah Medical College Peshawar from July, 2013 to February, 2015 Methodology: Surgical specimens of 60 histopathologically diagnosed cases of colorectal adenocarcinoma were included in this study. Age and sex were evaluated in CRC. Results: The mean±sd of age was 54.4±19.7 yrs. Out of 60 cases, 6 (10%) were between 16-29 yrs, 9 (15%) cases were between 30-49 yrs, 34 cases (56.7%) were of 50-69 yrs and 11 cases (18.33%) were of 70 yrs. Out of sixty cases, males were 33 (55%) and females were 27(45%). Conclusion: There are 34 out of 60(56.7%) patients were 50-69 years and 33 out of 60 (55%) cases were males i.e. males dominance. Keywords: Colorectal adenocarcinoma, immunohistochemistry, gender

The Efficacy of CT Scan in Evaluation of Hepatic Tumors taking Histopathology as Gold Standard

Background and Aim: The prevalence of hepatic tumors is most common among developing countries of Asia compared to Europe and Western countries. In Pakistan, hepatic tumors are the 4thcommon disorder. The current study aims to evaluate the efficacy of hepatic tumors taking histopathology as a gold standard. Materials and Methods: This cross-sectional study wascarried out on 120 patients who underwent CT scans for hepatic tumors inradiology department of Sughra Shafi Medical Complex / Sahara Medical College, Narowal and Children Hospital &amp;Institute of Child Health,Multan during the period of six months from 1st September 2020 to 2nd March 2021. The age range for all the patients was 29 to 80 years with mean ±SD(52±5.32) followed by hepatic tumors diagnosed based on histopathology as agold standard and assessed with CT. The prevalence of colorectal carcinoma was 22(18.33%), while other common parameters were pancreas, stomach adenocarcinoma, and biliarytree 13 (10.83%), and hepatocellular carcinoma 85 (70.84%). Unresectable tumors inpatients were assessed with percutaneous biopsy of the hepatic lesion and correlatedwith CT results. Resectability predictionwas assessed with CT findings accuracy in all the patients who had tumors onthe basis of CT images and had surgery. Results: All the patients of hepatic tumors were assessed with CT scans and histopathology was taken from each participant. Accuracy, sensitivity and specificity of CT scans was 67.33%, 62.35% and 73.85% respectively. The positive and negative predictive values were about 75.71% and 60% respectively. Statistical significance was (P&lt;0.05) set as a standard.SPSS version 20 was used for data analysis. Conclusion:Our study found that hepatic tumors can be assessed byarterial portography with resectability by CT scans. In our study, out of 120 patientshad spared surgery and only 17% of patients were considered as resectable duringarterial portography on CT scans findings. CT scanplays a pivotal role in assessing hepatic tumors. Accuracy, sensitivity and specificity of CT scans was 67.33%, 62.35% and 73.85% respectively. The positive and negative predictive values were about 75.71% and 60% respectively. Keywords:Hepatic Tumors, CT scans,Histopathology

Study of the relation between the colorectal neoplasm and visceral fat accumulation in postmenopausal women

ObjectiveThis study aimed to show the relation ship between colorectal carcinoma (CRC) and visceral adiposity in Egyptian postmenopausal women.BackgroundObesity is known to be an important risk factor for CRC, especially in women. The risk of CRC is greater with the visceral fat accumulation not total body fat content.Patients and methodsThis case–control study included 90 postmenopausal female patients: 45 women with CRC, 20 women with colorectal polyps, and 25 healthy women. Data were collected and statistically analyzed. CRC was diagnosed by colonoscopy and histopathology. Metabolic parameters were assessed according to the BMI and the waist to hip ratio.ResultsVisceral fat was significantly higher in patients with CRC and colorectal polyps compared with the control group. The prevalence of CRC increased with increasing visceral fat content. The study showed that 37 (82.2%) patients with CRC were obese [19 (42.2%) of these patients were overweight and 18 (40%) were obese class I and class II]. Also, 19 (95%) patients with colorectal polyps were obese [11 (55%) of these patients were overweight and eight (40%) patients were obese class I and class II].ConclusionVisceral fat area is highly associated with CRC.

Prognostic Value and Immunohistochemical Analysis of Mismatch Repair Deficiency in Patients with Stage II and III Colorectal Carcinoma-A Single-Center Study.

Background and objectives: Deficient mismatch repair (MMR) status is associated with good prognosis but poor therapeutic response to adjuvant chemotherapy in patients with colorectal cancer. However, there are some opposed arguments considering therapeutic outcomes in patients with evidenced MMR deficiency in colorectal cancer. The aim of the study was the investigation of prognostic value and immunohistochemical analysis of the MMR-deficiency tumors. Materials and Methods: The study enrolled 104 patients with resected stage II and III colorectal cancer samples from the period 2018–2019. Results: The tumors with deficient MMR status were significantly associated with age up to 50 years and right-sided localization (p < 0.001). During the follow-up period of 22.43 ± 6.66 months, 21 patients (20.2%) died, whereas 14 patients (13.5%) had relapses. The loss of mutL homologue 1/postmeiotic segregation increased 2 (MLH1/PMS2) expression, compared to proficient MMR tumors, was associated with shorter disease-free survival in patients with lymphovascular invasion (p < 0.05), perineural invasion (p < 0.01), stage III (p < 0.05) and high-grade tumor (p < 0.05). Conclusions: This retrospective pilot study of a single-center cohort of patients with stage II and III colorectal cancer highlights the clinical importance of using immunohistochemistry (IHC) analysis as a guide for diagnostic algorithm in a country with limited resources, but with a high prevalence of colorectal carcinoma in the young patients. MMR-deficiency tumors compared with proficient MMR colorectal cancer was not shown to be a significant predictor of disease-free and overall survival.

The role of statins in chemoprevention of colorectal carcinoma

Colorectal carcinoma is one of the most common cancers in the world both in terms of prevalence and mortality. Prospective epidemiological studies have clearly demonstrated that a diet rich in saturated fats and its related lipid metabolism disorders increase the risk of this disease. Chemoprevention is the use of drugs and natural compounds to prevent benign and malignant cancers. Chemopreventive effects with respect to carcinogenesis may be based on: inhibiting inflammatory processes, lowering serum levels of free radicals, suppressing cell divisions, and promoting cell differentiation. Because the prevalence of colorectal carcinoma is growing, a chance for potential chemoprevention raises oncologists’ interest and is a subject of various epidemiological and clinical studies. This paper presents the current state of knowledge regarding potential chemoprevention of this cancer using statin therapy, which is broadly implemented in the present-day pharmacotherapy for cardiovascular diseases. Various pleiotropic effects of statins may in consequence have a positive influence on currently observed negative epidemiological indices of colorectal carcinoma.

Prevalence of colorectal carcinoma based on microscopic type, sex, age and anatomical location in Sanglah General Hospital

Background: Colorectal carcinoma (CRC) is a disease in which epithelial cells in the colon or rectum become abnormal and divide without control, forming a mass called a tumor. Colorectal carcinoma is the fourth most frequent cancer in men after prostate and lung or bronchus cancers whereas in women is the third most frequent cancer after breast and lung or bronchus cancers. Colorectal cancer is a leading cause of cancer death worldwide, accounting for 693,900 deaths in 2012 and is the fourth most frequent cancer in men whereas in women is the third most frequent cancer. In Indonesia amount of rectal cancer were 1407 (5.67%) and 990 cases (3.99%) of colon cancer. Specifically in Denpasar, there are a total of 75 cases (7.11%) of rectal cancer and 38 cases (3.60%) of colon cancer in the year.Aim: This study aims to know the prevalence of colorectal carcinoma based on microscopic type, sex, age and anatomical location in Sanglah General Hospital in Denpasar from January 2014 to January 2016.Method: This study used descriptive retrospective research based on the secondary data from patients medical record which was taken at Sanglah General Hospital from January 2014 to January 2016. Population and sample amounted to 275 patients.Results: This study shows that the highest prevalence of colorectal carcinoma was in a group of age &lt;50 years old with 86 samples (31.3%) and in a male with 163 samples (59.3%). Adenocarcinoma has the highest prevalence of colorectal carcinoma with 270 samples (98.2%). The rectum was the most frequent tumor location with 170 samples (61.8%). In adenocarcinoma, the age group with the highest prevalence of CRC was &lt;50 years with 85 samples (30.9%). The highest prevalence of CRC based on anatomical location and age group was &lt;50 years in the rectum with 57 samples (20.7%).Conclusion: Most of the CRC was found in age group &lt; 50 years, men had a higher risk to get colorectal carcinoma, adenocarcinoma is the most common microscopic type, and rectum was the most common site of colorectal carcinoma.

Meta-analysis of the role of colonoscopy after an episode of left-sided acute diverticulitis.

BackgroundRoutine colonoscopy was traditionally recommended after acute diverticulitis to exclude coexistent malignancy. Improved CT imaging may make routine colonoscopy less required over time but most guidelines still recommend it. The aim of this review was to assess the role of colonoscopy in patients with CT‐proven acute diverticulitis.MethodsPubMed and Embase were searched for studies reporting the prevalence of advanced colorectal neoplasia (ACN) or colorectal carcinoma in patients who underwent colonoscopy within 1 year after CT‐proven left‐sided acute diverticulitis. The prevalence was pooled using a random‐effects model and, if possible, compared with that among asymptomatic controls.ResultsSeventeen studies with 3296 patients were included. The pooled prevalence of ACN was 6·9 (95 per cent c.i. 5·0 to 9·4) per cent and that of colorectal carcinoma was 2·1 (1·5 to 3·1) per cent. Only two studies reported a comparison with asymptomatic controls, showing comparable risks (risk ratio 1·80, 95 per cent c.i. 0·66 to 4·96). In subgroup analysis of patients with uncomplicated acute diverticulitis, the prevalence of colorectal carcinoma was only 0·5 (0·2 to 1·2) per cent.ConclusionRoutine colonoscopy may be omitted in patients with uncomplicated diverticulitis if CT imaging is otherwise clear. Patients with complicated disease or ongoing symptoms should undergo colonoscopy.

Prevalence and clinicopathological characteristics of mismatch repair-deficient colorectal carcinoma in early onset cases as compared with late-onset cases: a retrospective cross-sectional study in Northeastern Iran

ObjectivesLynch syndrome (LS), a genetically inherited autosomal disorder, increases the incidence of colorectal carcinoma (CRC). We aimed to perform a universal strategy to assess the prevalence and clinicopathological characteristics of...

Prevalence of colorectal carcinoma in CKD patients in pre-dialysis and during the dialysis introduction period

Prevalence of colorectal carcinoma in CKD patients in pre-dialysis and during the dialysis introduction period

Clinical features and outcome of sporadic colorectal carcinoma in young patients: a cross-sectional analysis from a developing country.

Background. Early onset colorectal carcinoma (CRC) is rare and has been hypothesized to be a biologically and clinically distinct entity personifying aggressive disease and worse survival. Methods. Data for 131 patients was collected by retrospective chart review. Cox proportional hazard model was used to compute prevalence ratios and 95% confidence intervals. Results. Early onset sporadic CRC accounted for 32% of all CRC treated in the specified time period. The mean age was 33.3 ± 7.9 years and the male to female ratio was 2 : 1. Colon and rectal cancers accounted for 55% and 45% of patients, respectively. 96% of rectal carcinoma patients received appropriate therapy as opposed to 65% of colon cancers. On multivariable analysis, appropriate reception of therapy (PR 4.99; 95% CI, 1.21–20.6) and signet ring morphology (PR 2.40; 95% CI, 1.33–4.32) were significantly associated with rectal cancers as opposed to colon cancer. Kaplan-Meier analysis revealed a trend towards inferior survival for rectal carcinoma 2 years after diagnosis. Conclusion.A high prevalence of early onset CRC was noted in the study. A trend towards inferior survival was seen in patients with rectal cancer. This finding raises the possibility of rectal carcinoma being an aggressive subset of young CRC.

Accuracy of minimal-preparation computerized tomography in the investigation of suspected colorectal cancer in frail patients: the experience of Western General Hospital, Edinburgh

Traditional methods of investigating suspected colorectal carcinoma (CRC) such as barium enema, colonoscopy and computerized tomography (CT) pneumocolon are often poorly tolerated by frail or elderly patients. Comparatively, minimal-preparation CT (MPCT) is a non-invasive investigation that does not require bowel preparation. The aim of this study was to review MPCTs carried out at the Western General Hospital, Edinburgh, and compare findings with current published data. Retrospective analysis of 85 patients (age range 55-99 years) who underwent MPCTs at the Western General Hospital between May 2005 and June 2008 was undertaken. Results were followed up using clinical notes, pathological and surgical databases. Subsequent outcomes were analysed (average follow-up 22 months). The prevalence of CRC within the study cohort was 0.14. Sensitivity of MPCT was 1 (95% confidence interval [CI], 0.69-1) with a specificity of 0.93 (95% CI, 0.84-0.97). Thirty percent of patients were found to have extracolonic findings requiring further investigation or intervention. Of the patients, 4.7% had an extracolonic malignancy diagnosed on MPCT. MPCT is a sensitive and specific method of investigating CRC in the elderly, infirm or immobile. Our results were found to be comparable with that of current published data, validating the service provided at the Western General Hospital.

Clinical features of Bacteroides bacteremia and their association with colorectal carcinoma

We investigated the clinical features of Bacteroides bacteremia for 5 years to determine the risk factors for mortality and to ascertain whether bacteremia due to Bacteroides spp. is associated with colorectal carcinoma. This study comprised a review of all patients with Bacteroides bacteremia at a teaching hospital in Tokyo from April 2003 to March 2008. We also conducted a case-control study between Bacteroides bacteremia and bacteremia due to other pathogens. During the study period, 25 cases of bacteremia were due to Bacteroides spp. Bacteroides bacteremia was associated with a high mortality rate (24%). Malignancy (76%) was the major comorbidity, followed by a history of surgery (40%). Colorectal carcinoma was the most frequent (n = 8, 32%) of the comorbid malignancies and was recognized as the primary infection site in six cases. Prevalence of colorectal carcinoma as comorbidity was significantly higher in Bacteroides bacteremia than in other bacteremia. In the Bacteroides bacteremia cases of this study, colorectal carcinoma was the major comorbidity and primary infection site. Colorectal carcinoma screening in Bacteroides bacteremia patients is potentially an important diagnostic marker for the early detection of this infection in the future.

Diverticulosis and diverticulitis form no risk for polyps and colorectal neoplasia in 4,241 colonoscopies

There are conflicting data concerning the association between diverticular disease and colorectal carcinoma (CRC). This study was performed to determine the prevalence and association of diverticulosis, diverticulitis, polyps, and CRC. In a cross-sectional, retrospective study, we analyzed the colonoscopy reports of complete colonoscopies and patho-histological results of all patients referred for colonoscopy in a period of 3 months in 18 hospitals in The Netherlands. Diverticulosis was defined as three or more diverticula present and diverticulitis as diverticulosis with inflammation. Polyps were also coded according to localization and size. Advanced neoplastic lesions were defined as polyps >or=10 mm in diameter and/or villous architecture and/or adenomas with high grade dysplasia and/or invasive cancer. Actual and previous described CRC were registered. A total of 4,241 patients were included in the study [1,996 (47%) male], mean age of 59 and range 18-95. Diverticula, diverticulitis, and polyps were seen in 1,052 (25%), 75 (2%), and 1,282 (30%) patients, respectively. No association was found between patients with polyps and those with and without diverticulosis (p=0.478). Invasive adenocarcinoma and adenomas >or=10 mm were most frequently observed. CRC was present in 372 (9%) patients. Negative relation between diverticulosis and CRC and invasive adenocarcinoma was observed. No association was found between polyps and CRC and patients with diverticulitis and CRC. In conclusion, there is no relation between patients with diverticulosis and higher incidence of polyps or CRC when using age-stratified analysis. No increased risk for polyps or CRC was found in patients with diverticulitis.

Is colonoscopy alone sufficient to screen for ulcerative colitis-associated colorectal carcinoma?

Patients with ulcerative colitis (UC) are at increased risk for colorectal carcinoma (CAC). Despite the fact that patients at risk are followed closely by colonoscopy to screen for dysplasia, the prevalence of CAC is still unacceptably high. The aim of this study was to evaluate the prevalence of risk factors for CAC, such as dysplasia, and to determine the relevance of colonoscopic surveillance in the group who went on to develop cancer. A series of 24 patients with UC were diagnosed with CAC. The patients' records were analyzed retrospectively for duration of UC, prevalence of preoperative dysplasia, and other cancer risk factors (CRFs) (e.g., pancolitis, primary sclerosing cholangitis, early onset of UC, and backwash ileitis). The mean age of the patients at the time of cancer diagnosis was 43 years with an average UC duration of 15 years (6 patients had had UC less than 8 years). CAC was identified preoperatively by colonoscopy in 15 of 24 patients, with an additional 7 of 15 showing flat dysplasia. Five of nine patients without preoperatively diagnosed CAC had flat dysplasia. Overall, 19 patients had additional CRFs, most of them with at least two more CRFs. Despite a regular colonoscopic follow-up for most patients with UC, flat dysplasia was missed in 12 patients preoperatively. Therefore we suggest that patient information should also always include surgical options in each case where significant cancer risk factors are found.

Dietary Factors Related to Colorectal Neoplasms

Although the etiology of colorectal cancer is multifactorial, experimental evidence suggests a role for dietary factors in the promotion of this disease. The complex interrelations governing energy balance and the consumption of fat, fiber, and micronutrients make it difficult to define the precise role of specific dietary factors in the etiology of colorectal neoplasms. Epidemiologic studies have demonstrated a correlation between the prevalence of colorectal cancer and per capita consumption of meat and fat. Case-control studies investigating the relation between colorectal cancer and dietary fat consumption have yielded inconsistent results. Prospective studies have failed to demonstrate a relation between fat consumption and subsequent risk for colorectal cancer. There is an inverse correlation between fiber intake and the prevalence of colorectal carcinoma. A more detailed analysis of the influence of various types of dietary fiber on the subsequent risk for colorectal cancer will provide a better understanding of this relation. Fiber derived from fruits and vegetables may provide more effective protection than cereal fibers. Correlational studies have established an association between total caloric intake and the prevalence of colorectal carcinoma. The design of future studies investigating the influence of individual dietary constituents on the risk for colorectal cancer must control for variations in energy balance as a confounding variable. Recent evidence suggests that a variety of micronutrients, including calcium, vitamin D, selenium, and vitamins A, C, and E, exert an anticarcinogenic effect. Studies designed to evaluate the influence of alcohol consumption on colorectal carcinogenesis have yielded inconclusive results. The potential influence of food preparation methods on colorectal carcinogenesis requires further evaluation. There is no conclusive evidence to support any of the hypotheses proposed to explain the role of dietary factors in colorectal carcinogenesis. Intervention trials designed to monitor intermediate markers for colorectal cancer such as increased epithelial-cell proliferation rates and the development of aberrant crypt architecture provide the opportunity for testing these hypotheses in relatively short-term studies. The results from such studies can be utilized in the design of large-scale, long-term prospective studies to evaluate the influence of dietary factors on the development of colorectal neoplasms. These trials should generate the information required to develop strategies for diet modification to reduce the incidence of colorectal carcinoma.

What’s new in Colon Carcinogenesis?

Among precancerous conditions in the colon and rectum, adenomas are the most important, paradigmatically so in adenomatosis coli, a genetic predisposition of autosomal dominant type. Statistical relevance is also attributed to long-term ulcerative colitis, Morbus Crohn, and Gardner's syndrome. Dietary factors seem to play an essential role. Highly developed countries in Western Europe and North America whose prevalence rates of colorectal carcinoma are highest, also have a particularly high daily intake of fat and meat. The proportion of fibers in a diet shows an inverted correlation with the prevalence of colorectal carcinoma. Many epidemiologic data are still rather inconsistent and in some cases rather weak. Detailed case-control studies are needed to substantiate the general statement: Our life style, especially our daily food, is obviously related to the rise of colorectal carcinoma.