Prevalence Of Caries Research Articles

Socio-Demographic Characteristics Associated With Dental Caries among Patients Attending Malindi Sub-County Dental Clinic, Kenya

Purpose: The goal of this study was to determine socio-demographic characteristics associated with dental caries among patients attending dental clinic at Malindi sub-county. Methodology: The study design was a cross-sectional descriptive study design consisting of 223 participants. This study took place at the Malindi Sub County Dental Clinic. A systematic random sampling method was used to pick the participants on a daily basis until we had contacted all the eligible individuals and enrolled them. This study was done from March, 2023 to November, 2023 approved by ERC reference (ISERC/MSc/041/2022). The pretested questionnaire was used for collecting data on socio-demographic characteristics associated with dental caries among patients attending dental clinic at Malindi sub-county. The data were analyzed using statistical package for the Social Sciences (SPSS) Version 21.The descriptive statistics were done on socio-demographic factors, associated with the dental caries among dental patients seeking services in Malindi Sub County. The data was presented in frequency tables. Ethical approval no P688/09/2016) was obtained. Findings: The study recruited 223 participants, 117 (52.5%) female and 106 (47.5%) males. Of the 223 participants, 49 (21.9%) were less than 18 years old, 63 (28.3%), 76 (34.1%) and 35(15.7%) were 18 to 29, 30 to 49 and ≥50 years old respectively. The prevalence of dental caries found in this study was 72.6% among patients attending Malindi sub county Hospital dental clinic. The socio-demographic factors, associated with the dental caries were those aged 18- 29 years who were 2 times at risk of having dental caries as compared with those aged less than 18years old. Almost two-thirds (n=138, 61.9%) reported to occasionally use sugary food, 72 (32.3%) moderately sugar exposures per day. Unique Contribution to Theory, Practice and Policy: This study revealed a high prevalence of dental caries among patients visiting the dental clinic in Malindi Hospital. The demographic factors associated with dental caries were among ages 18 to 29 years old. Oral health care should focus on addressing dental caries and emphasized in the policies by Ministry of health aimed at mitigating dental caries among this age group.

In vitro assessment of NaF/Chit supramolecular complex: Colloidal stability, antibacterial activity and enamel protection against S. mutans biofilm

ObjectivesThis study assessed the effect of NaF/Chit suspensions on enamel and on S. mutans biofilm, simulating application of a mouthrinse. MethodsThe NaF/Chit particle suspensions were prepared at molar ratio [NaF]/Chitmon]≈0.68 at nominal concentrations of 0.2 % and 0.05 % NaF and characterized by Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR), dynamic light scattering and zeta potential. The minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) and minimum bactericidal concentration (MBC) were measured. The S. mutans biofilm was formed for 7 days on eighty human enamel blocks that were divided into eight groups (n = 10/group): i) 0.05 % NaF solution; ii) 0.31 % Chit solution; iii) NaF/Chit(R=0.68) suspension at 0.05 % NaF; iv) 1.0 % HAc solution (Control); v) 0.2 % NaF solution; vi) 1.25 % Chit solution; vii) NaF/Chit(R=0.68) suspension at 0.2 % NaF; viii) 0.12 % chlorhexidine digluconate. The substances were applied daily for 90 s. S. mutans cell counts (CFU/mL) were performed, and the Knoop microhardness (KHN) of enamel samples were measured before and after biofilm formation. The KHN and CFU/mL data were analyzed by repeated measure ANOVA and Tukey's test (α = 0.05). ResultsInteractions between NaF and Chit were evidenced in solid state by FTIR spectra. The NaF/Chit complexes showed spontaneous microparticle formation and colloidal stability. The MIC and MBC ranged from 0.65 to 1.31 mg/mL. The NaF/Chit(R=0.68) suspension at 0.2 %NaF Group showed lower CFU/mL values than other groups. The NaF/Chit(R=0.68) suspensions Groups had the highest KHN values after biofilm formation. ConclusionsThe NaF/Chit(R=0.68) complexes exhibited an antibacterial effect against S. mutans biofilm and reduced the enamel hardness loss. Clinical significanceThe NaF/Chit(R=0.68) suspensions showed potential to be used as a mouthrinse for caries prevention.

Cross-sectional survey and analysis of factors influencing the prevalence of dental caries among older individuals aged 65-74 in Guangdong Province in 2021

BackgroundThe prevalence of oral diseases is subject to change over time. In 2021, Guangdong Province conducted its fourth survey assessing the oral health status of individuals aged 65–74.Materials and methodsEvaluation criteria and potential influencing factors were identified. A sample of residents aged 65–74 from 13 designated monitoring sites in Guangdong Province was randomly selected for the study. Spearman correlation analysis was employed to investigate the clinical correlation between influencing factors and evaluation criteria. Negative binomial and zero-inflated negative binomial regression models were utilized to examine the factors influencing caries prevalence. In contrast, logistic regression was employed to identify the risk factors for caries occurrence. A p-value of ≤0.05 was considered statistically significant.ResultsThe prevalence of caries rate of crowns, roots, and teeth were 76.36%, 52.25%, and 79.2%, respectively. Individuals with periodontal pockets exhibited a significantly higher risk of root caries. The presence of dental calculus significantly exacerbated the occurrence of crown, root, and dental caries, and increased the risk of crown and dental caries. Consuming sweet foods once or more a week notably increased the average root decayed score (D of roots), the prevalence rate of root caries, and the D score of the Decayed, Missing, and Filled teeth [DMFT] index in individuals already afflicted with this condition. Similarly, the consumption of sweetened drinks significantly elevated the risk of crown and root caries, exacerbating overall caries progression. Frequencies of manual toothbrush and toothpick cleaning showed a negative correlation with average tooth missing score (MT). In contrast, the frequency of manual/electric toothbrush and toothpick cleaning was negatively correlated with the DMFT index. Engaging in dental diagnosis and treatment behaviors significantly increased the number of filled crowns (F), MT, and DMFT scores while reducing the prevalence of dental caries.ConclusionsIn Guangdong Province, caries prevalence among older individuals aged 65–74 remains substantial. Relevant professionals and institutions must provide comprehensive guidance and assistance to the older population, emphasizing the importance of reducing the consumption of sweets and sweetened beverages, adopting correct tooth brushing techniques and frequency (at least twice daily), timely treatment of periodontal diseases, conducting regular epidemiological caries surveys, and addressing economic barriers to accessing caries diagnosis and treatment services.

Cross-cultural adaptation and psychometric properties of the Malay version of parenting and child tooth brushing assessment (M-PACTA)

BackgroundMalaysian preschool children continue to exhibit a high prevalence of dental caries and poor oral hygiene. There is a need to gain an in-depth understanding of oral hygiene habits and design suitable interventions to improve oral hygiene in early childhood.ObjectiveTo cross-culturally adapt and determine the psychometric properties of the Malay-translated Parenting and Child Tooth Brushing Assessment questionnaire (M-PACTA).MethodologyThis cross-sectional study involved face and content validation, and forward and back-translation of PACTA. The M-PACTA was then tested for reliability and construct validity on 150 Malaysian parents of children aged 5 to 6 years old.ResultsFace validity indicated that the M-PACTA items were clear and easy to understand. For content validity, some words had to be modified in accordance with the recommendations of the expert committees to make it more coherent to Malaysians. Some statements in the parental knowledge scales were modified according to the guidelines applicable in Malaysia. The content comparison of the back translation with the adapted PACTA revealed that all items were semantic and linguistically equivalent. Exploratory factor analyses of M-PACTA suggested a two-factor structure for three scales including child behaviour scale (‘non-compliance’ and ‘avoidance behaviour’), parental attitudes (‘lack of concern’ and ‘attitude of care’), and parental knowledge (‘general tooth brushing knowledge’ and ‘awareness of tooth brushing care’) while for the parental strategy scale, three-factor structure was extracted including ‘routine positive methods’, ‘uncommon positive methods’, and ‘negative methods’. Internal consistencies for all scales were good (α > 0.9).ConclusionM-PACTA did not replicate the construct of the original PACTA. Nonetheless, M-PACTA demonstrated good construct validity, internal consistency reliability, and test-retest reliability within Malaysian context.

Preparation and antibacterial evaluation of silver-doped zirconia for enhanced dental restoration performance

Because of its superior strength, esthetic properties, and excellent biocompatibility, zirconia is preferred for dental prosthetic such as crowns and bridges. However, zirconia crowns and bridges are susceptible to secondary caries owing to margin leakage. Silver is a well-known antibacterial agent, making it a desirable additive to zirconia crowns and bridges for secondary caries prevention. This study focuses on imparting zirconia composite with antibacterial properties to enhance its protective capacity in dental restorations. We used the sol-gel method to dope Ag into zirconia. Silver-doped zirconia powders were prepared at Zr:Ag molar ratios of 100:0,100:0.1, 100:0.5, 100:1, 100:3, and 100:5 (respective samples denoted as Ag-0, Ag-0.1, Ag-0.5, Ag-1, Ag-3, and Ag-5) and were subjected to firing at various temperatures (400 °C-1000 °C). We performed x-ray diffraction to investigate the crystal phase of these powders and x-ray fluorescence and field emission scanning electron microscopy to analyze their elemental composition and surface morphology, respectively. Moreover, we performed spectrophotometry to determine theL*a*b* color values, conducted dissolution tests, and quantified the Ag content through inductively coupled plasma optical emission spectroscopy. In addition, we studied the antibacterial activity of the samples. Analyses of the samples fired at ⩽600 °C revealed a predominantly white to grayish-white coloration and a tetragonal crystal phase. Firing at ⩾700 °C resulted in gray or dark gray coloration and a monoclinic crystal phase. The Ag content decreased after firing at 900 °C or 1000 °C. Ag-0.5 and above exhibited antibacterial activity against bothEscherichia coliandStaphylococcus aureus. Therefore, the minimum effective silver-doped zirconia sample was found to be Ag-0.5. This study allows the exploration of the antimicrobial potential of silver-doped zirconia materials in dental applications such as prosthdontical lining materials, promoting the development of innovative restorations with protective capacity against secondary caries.

Comparative evaluation of the effect of 2% graphene oxide and 5% hydroxyapatite nanoparticles in isolation and in combination on micro tensile bond strength of 5th generation adhesive

Background Graphene is the thinnest, strongest, and stiffest imaginable material. The biocompatible property of graphene oxide can initiate and facilitate cell adhesion, proliferation, and differentiation of periodontal ligament, osteogenic, and oral epithelial cells. Furthermore, the antibiofilm and anti-adhesion properties of graphene oxide in the prevention of dental biofilm infections, dental caries, and dental erosion as well as for implant surface modification and as an anti-quorum sensing agent. Composites are the most often utilized materials for restoration in the field of dentistry due to adhesive resins' improved mechanical and cosmetic properties. To safeguard the dentin and prevent dental cavities, dentin adhesives are utilized to affix hydrophobic resin composites to hydrophilic dentin tissue. Materials and Method Dental adhesives have a harder time adhering to dentin because it contains more water and is less mineralized than enamel. This makes the method more sensitive. Result As a result, it was chosen to assess and contrast the impact of 5% Hydroxyapatite nanoparticles and 2% Graphene oxide nanoparticles, both separately and together, on the Micro tensile bond strength of 5th generation adhesive. Conclusion Graphene oxide is the most versatile form of Graphite in structural and functional configuration. Graphene oxide possesses extraordinary physical, chemical, optical, electrical and mechanical properties. Among the graphene family nanomaterials, the reduced form of Graphite adding the oxygenated functional group to the structure increases the surface area and therefore exhibits enviable excellent interaction ability with metal and ions as well as organic species. Graphene oxide in dentistry has provided outstanding results in antimicrobial action, regenerative dentistry, bone tissue engineering, drug delivery, physicochemical properties, enhancement of dental biomaterials and oral cancer treatment.

Unveiling enamel demineralization mechanisms by sensitive dielectric differentiation based on terahertz nanospectroscopy.

The early stage of dental caries, i.e. demineralization, has always been a topic of concern to dentists. Understanding the essential mechanism of its occurrence is of great significance for the prevention and treatment of dental caries. However, owing to limitations in resolution and the detection capabilities of diagnostic tools, the study of enamel demineralization has always been a challenge. Terahertz (THz) technology, especially the combination of scanning near-field optical microscopy (s-SNOM) and THz time-domain spectroscopy (TDS), due to its nanoscale resolution, has shown great advantages in the field of biological imaging. Here, a THz s-SNOM system is used to perform near-field imaging of enamel before and after demineralization at the nanoscale. It can be found that near-field signals decrease significantly after demineralization. This is due to the changes of the crystal lattice and the transfer of mineral ions during demineralization, which leads to a decrease in the permittivity of the enamel. The novel approach in this study reveals the essence of demineralization and lays the groundwork for additional research and potential interventions.

Lacticaseibacillus rhamnosus inhibits the development of dental caries in rat caries model and in vitro

ObjectivesDental caries result from a microbial imbalance in the oral cavity. Probiotics ecologically modulate the oral microflora to prevent caries. This study evaluated the anti-cariogenic effects of two Lacticaseibacillus rhamnosus strains in vitro and in vivo to provide a more theoretical basis for its clinical applications in caries prevention. MethodsIn the study, cariogenic biofilms were grown with L. rhamnosus (LGG) or L. rhamnosus ATCC 7469 and analyzed. Quantitative real-time PCR (qPCR), Scanning Electron Microscope (SEM), and Confocal laser scanning microscope (CLSM) were used to detect the changes in the composition and architectures; cariogenic activity was measured by the lactic acid production and Transverse Microradiography (TMR). The effects of LGG on the 12 Sprague-Dawley rat caries model were assessed using Keyes scores and micro-CT analysis. Oral microbiome changes were evaluated through 16S rRNA gene high-throughput sequencing. ResultsL. rhamnosus can reduce cariogenic bacteria in biofilm by 14.7 % to 48.9 %, with LGG exhibiting more potent inhibitory effects. Both strains of L. rhamnosus can adhere to the surface of biofilms, reduce the extracellular polysaccharides (EPS) matrix, and loosen the biofilm structure. L. rhamnosus inhibited cariogenic activity by reducing the lactic acid production in biofilms. The bovine enamel blocks presented lower mineral loss values and lesion depth values in the group Core+L.rh and Core+LGG. LGG-ingested rats had significantly lower levels of moderate dentin lesions and higher mineral density than the control group. The 16 s rRNA gene sequencing revealed that LGG regulated the beta diversity of the oral microbial community in the rat dental caries model. ConclusionsThis study revealed the promising potential of L. rhamnosus, especially the LGG strain, in the ecological prevention of dental caries. Clinical SignificanceProbiotics may provide a strategy for preventing caries by regulating the oral microecological balance. The study revealed the promising anti-caries potential of the LGG probiotic strain in vivo and in vitro. It is expected that LGG could be used as an oral probiotic for the clinical prevention and treatment of caries.

Dentition Anomalies and Cranial Abnormalities in Invasive Beavers (Castor canadensis) in Tierra Del Fuego, Argentina.

The study of dentition anomalies and pathologies in wildlife contributes, together with other indicators, to understanding the relevance of some factors on the health status of populations. This has not been properly evaluated in invasive mammals. To test the feasibility of eradication, the government of Tierra del Fuego performed the eradication of beavers (Castor canadensis) from 2016 to 2018: 1121 animals were removed and 970 examined. These beavers were examined to analyze the incidence of dentition anomalies and other dentition and cranial conditions. The beavers presented two dentition anomalies: hypodontia and hyperdontia (0.41% in both cases), and for the first time, a dentition anomaly in the upper quadrants was reported. Beavers also presented artifactual tooth loss (0.30%) and acquired tooth loss (0.61%) but with low incidence. The presence of fractured teeth (0.41%) and caries (0.31%) occurred in all age classes, also with low incidence. The third molar tooth was the most affected, showing a female bias. The 0.93% of skulls had a cranial abnormality represented as a buccal curvature. Malocclusion cases also were recorded (0.51%). The low prevalence of dentition anomalies, fractured teeth, caries, and cranial abnormalities would not compromise the lifespan of beavers. These results leave a precedent of dentition anomalies and dentition and cranial conditions in an invasive mammal.

Prevalence, risk factors, and parental perspectives of dental caries in children in Odisha: A mixed-method study

Background/objectiveDespite numerous advances in dentistry, the frequency of dental caries remains high, especially among children. Therefore, the study's objectives were to assess the prevalence of dental caries in school-aged children between ages 6–14 years, to identify the risk factors associated with dental caries and to explore parents' understanding and awareness of preventing dental caries among children. MethodA mixed method study was conducted in the rural areas of Cuttack and Jagatsinghpur districts in Odisha, India. Children were chosen from schools using a multistage sampling process. Pretested and standardised questionnaires were utilized to collect data from children, while interviews with parents and teachers were employed to collect qualitative data. The DMFT/DEFT index was calculated for children. Data were analysed using frequency, percentage and binary multiple logistic regression analysis. The interviews were analysed using thematic analysis. ResultA total of 419 children, 14 parents, and 12 teachers participated in the study. The findings of the current study reported the prevalence of dental caries in 60 % of children. In addition, age, a high frequency of sugar and chocolate consumption, and poor socioeconomic status were found to be associated with a high risk of dental caries. Furthermore, the results of the thematic analysis indicated parent and teacher awareness and understanding of dental caries; however, it highlights the need for improved oral health practices. ConclusionThese insights from qualitative and quantitative findings can guide the development and improvement of preventive interventions to combat dental caries through implementing oral health programs in schools, thereby fostering better oral health and overall well-being among the younger population.

Association between high birth weight and dental caries at 4–5 years of age: a birth-cohort study

ObjectiveEarly childhood caries has become a globally crucial oral health problem over the decades. Most studies have discussed the association between low birth weight and early childhood caries; however, studies focusing on high birth weight have been relatively limited. This study aimed to assess the impact of high birth weight on the incidence and severity of dental caries in 4–5-year-old children.Subjects and methodsStudy subjects included 491 children from a birth cohort study at 4–5 years of age. Data on dental caries, prenatal and perinatal factors, and socio-demographic determinants were recorded. Logistic regression models adjusted for potential confounders were performed to analyze the data. Two-sided P-value < 0.05 was considered statistically significant.ResultsOf the 491 children, the prevalence of dental caries was 48.7%. High birth weight (≥ 4,000 g) was significantly associated with increased incidence of dental caries (OR, 2.000; CI 95% 1.062–3.765), and the relatively enhanced risk OR was further increased in subjects experiencing caries (dmft ≥ 3) (OR, 2.437; CI 95% 1.306–4.549) compared with the normal birth weight (2,500–3,999 g).ConclusionsHigh birth weight is a risk factor for early childhood caries. Particular attention should be paid to children with birth weight more than or equal to 4,000 g.

Dental Carries Prevalence and Associated Factors of Secondary Level Students in Eastern Nepal

Background: Dental caries or a tooth decay is a common oral health condition characterized by demineralization oftooth enamel and subsequent formation of cavities It is a global public health problem and influence the overall health ofchildren.Method: A cross-sectional study was conducted among 343 secondary level school students by complete enumerationsampling method. A pretested, standardized, closed-ended questionnaire and a standard Decayed, Missing, and Filledprimary Teeth (DMFT) tools were adopted to find out the prevalence and associated factors of Dental Caries. Face to faceinterview and oral assessment under natural day light were uses for data collection methods. Data were coded, entered,cleaned and analyzed by using SPSS version 22. Descriptive and bi-variate statistics were employed to test the associationbetween dependent and independent variables. P-value less than 0.05 was taken as significant association and result waspresented in text, tables and graph.Result: The overall prevalence of dental caries was 68.5% with a mean and SD of DMFT of 1.53±1.462 and femalestudents were most sufferer (70.1%) from dental caries. There was a significant association of dental caries with mother’seducational status (p=0.009), consumption of sugary tea/coffee (p=&lt;0.001), frequency of soft drinks consumption(p=0.004), frequency of tooth brushing (p=&lt;0.001) and changing time of new tooth brush (p=&lt;0.001).Conclusion: The study found a high prevalence of dental caries among the students, which were attributed to consumptionof sugary foods and drinks and poor oral hygiene practices. The researchers hold a strong conviction that relevant authoritiescan provide the necessary actions to raise the awareness regarding the issue.

Caries-Prone Primary Teeth: A Hidden Reason and Prophylactic Treatment in the Viewpoint of Materials Science.

Dental caries, the most prevalent chronic disease across all age groups, has a high prevalence, particularly among children. However, there is no specific and effective treatment for the prevention of caries in primary teeth (Pr.T.), which stems from a lack of knowledge regarding the basic nature of the tooth surface. Herein, we observed that the adhesion energies of the caries-related bacteria Streptococcus mutans and Streptococcus sanguinis to Pr.T were approximately 10 and 5.5 times higher than those to permanent teeth (Pe.T). A lower degree of mineralization and more hydrophilic characteristics of the Pr.T enamel account for this discrepancy. Accordingly, we proposed that the on-target modification of both hydroxyapatite and organic components on Pr.T by dual modification would render a sufficient hydration layer. This resulted in an approximately 11-time decrease in bacterial adhesion energy after treatment. In contrast, a single hydroxyapatite modification on Pe.T and young permanent teeth (Y.Pe.T) was sufficient to achieve a similar effect. Theoretical simulation further verified the rationality of the approach. Our findings may help understand the reason for Pr.T being caries-prone and provide references for treatment using resin restorations. This strategy offers valuable insights into daily oral hygiene and dental prophylactic treatment in children.

Veillonella parvula promotes root caries development through interactions with Streptococcus mutans and Candida albicans.

Root caries is a subtype of dental caries that predominantly impacts older adults. The occurrence and progression of root caries are associated with the homeostasis of dental plaque biofilm, and microbial synergistic and antagonistic interactions in the biofilm play a significant role in maintaining the oral microecological balance. The objective of the current study was to investigate the role of Veillonella parvula in the microbial interactions and the pathogenesis of root caries. The analysis of clinical samples from patients with/without root caries revealed that Veillonella and V. parvula were abundant in the saliva of patients with root caries. More importantly, a significantly increased colonization of V. parvula was observed in root carious lesions. Further invitro biofilm and animal study showed that V. parvula colonization increased the abundance and virulence of Streptococcus mutans and Candida albicans, leading to the formation of a polymicrobial biofilm with enhanced anti-stress capacity and cariogenicity, consequently exacerbating the severity of carious lesions. Our results indicate the critical role of V. parvula infection in the occurrence of root caries, providing a new insight for the etiological investigation and prevention of root caries.

An In Vitro and In Silico Study of Luteolin-Loaded Zinc Oxide Nanoparticles: Enhancing Bioactivity and Efficacy for Advanced Therapeutic Applications Against Cariogenic Microorganisms.

Introduction Recent studies have explored alternative methods to enhance caries prevention and treatment.Luteolin compound has been noted for its antimicrobial properties, while zinc nanoparticles (Zn NPs) are recognized for their potent antibacterial effects. This study investigates the synthesis, characterization, and antimicrobial efficacy of luteolin-loaded Zn oxide NPs (Luteo-ZnONPs) against cariogenic bacteria. By combining the biofilm-targeting capabilities of luteolin with the antimicrobial properties of Zn NPs, we aim to explore a novel approach for dental caries management. Methods Luteo-ZnONPswere synthesized and characterized using ultraviolet-visible (UV-vis) and Fourier transform infrared (FTIR) spectroscopy, confirming their successful formation and stability. Antimicrobial efficacy was assessed through minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC), demonstrating effectiveness against cariogenic bacteria such asEscherichia coli,Enterococcus faecalis, Pseudomonas aeruginosa, and Streptococcus mutans in different concentrations.The agar well plate method was employed to analyze the growth inhibitory effect of Luteo-ZnONPs (50 and 100µg/ml, respectively). Streptomycin (100µg/ml) was used as apositive control. The results (zone of inhibition (ZOI) in millimeter, mm) were represented as mean± standard deviation.One-way analysis of variance (ANOVA) was employed to detect the significance (p < 0.05) between the groups. Cytotoxicity was analyzed using the3-(4,5-dimethylthiazol-2-yl)-2,5-diphenyltetrazolium bromide(MTT)assayagainst MG63 cells, and doxorubicin was used as a positive control.Wilcoxon rank test was used for the statistical method. Gyrase Bwas downloaded from Protein Data Bank (PDB id: 6F86) and docked against luteolin using Autodock software (version 4.2).The binding score was presented as kcal/mol in table format. Results Characterization results showed that UV-vis spectroscopy revealed characteristic peaks, indicating the successful synthesis and stability of Luteo-ZnONPs. FTIRspectroscopy confirmed the presence of functional groups from luteolin compound interacting with the Zn NPs. It showed effective inhibition againstE. coli on 50µg/ml as 12.45 mm as ZOI and increased with concentration (100 µg/ml as 17.13 mm).It showed minimal ZOI onE. faecalis(8.12, 12.21 on 50 and 100µg/ml, respectively). The cytotoxicity of Luteo-ZnONPs was lesser than doxorubicin on MG63 cells with statistical high significance (p < 0.0014). These results showed thatLuteo-ZnONPs had effective antimicrobial nature againstEnterococcusfamily. Thus, gyrase BfromE. coliwas selected for the molecular docking analysis. The catalytic tunnel in gyrase B (E. coli, PDB: 6F86), influenced by Luteo-ZnONPs, indicated potential for novel, broad-spectrum antimicrobials via selective inhibition at conserved active sites. Conclusion The agar well plate and MIC confirmed that Luteo-ZnONPs exhibited potent antibacterial activity, especiallyat higher concentrations compared to streptomycin.One- way ANOVA demonstrated significant differences in antibacterial efficacy between treatments, validating its superior performance.Its strong interaction onin silicolevel showed the targeted mechanism of action. Luteo-ZnONPs showed lesser toxicity than doxorubicin on MG63 cells. These findings underscore the potential of its broad spectrum antimicrobial nature paving the way for its development into innovative, nontoxic therapeutic solutions.

Comparative analysis of microbiome in coronal and root caries

BackgroundThe global rise in the elderly population has increased the prevalence of root caries. Streptococcus mutans, Lactobacilli and Actinomyces are considered the primary pathogens of dental caries in culture-based studies. This study aimed to investigate bacterial profiles in coronal and root caries lesions and determine the association of specific bacterial genera at each site.MethodsDentine samples from carious lesions were collected from 22 extracted teeth using an excavator. Microbial DNA was extracted from the samples using a protocol developed for this study. 16S rRNA gene amplicon sequencing was employed for microbial analysis. PCR amplification targeted the V3-V4 region of the bacterial 16S rRNA, and the amplicon sequencing used an Illumina MiSeq system (2 × 300 bp paired-end reads). Statistical analysis was performed by the Phyloseq and DESeq2 packages in R.ResultsIn coronal caries, Olsenella, Lactobacillus and Prevotella were the most prevalent genera, comprising approximately 70% of the microbiome community. In the root caries, however, although Olsenella, Prevotella and Lactobacillus remained the dominant genera, they accounted for only half of the microbiome community. This study identified significant differences in alpha diversity indices between the coronal and root caries. LEfSE analysis revealed several unique genera in each caries lesion.ConclusionThe microbiome of root caries lesions was richer and more complex than the coronal caries microbiota. The results suggest that lesion-related variations in the oral microflora may be detected in carious dentine.

Caries risk assessment on special needs children in Gianyar, Bali, Indonesia

Introduction: The prevalence of dental caries in Indonesia is considerably high and there is no significant improvement about that condition. Intensive care related with caries needs to be caried out, especially for special needs children. Those children have limited or even no ability to take care of their oral health and it will increase caries prevalence among them. The aim of this study is to investigate caries risk among special needs children in Gianyar, Bali, Indonesia. Methods: This is a descriptive cross sectional study which conducted on 101 pairs special needs children and their parents in Gianyar regency of Bali, Indonesia. The data was collected through questionnaire interview while intraoral assessment was done through direct intra oral examination of the special needs children. The questionnaire was an adaptation of CAMBRA Caries Risk Assessment and had gone through a validity test using Pearson Product Moment Test and a reliability test using Cronbach Alpha Test. Results: The result shows that 72.3% children are in high-risk category, 10.9% children are in extreme risk category, 8,9% children are in moderate risk category, and only 7.9% children are in low-risk category. Conclusion: The conclusion of this study is that the caries risk among special needs children in Gianyar regency of Bali, Indonesia is considerably high.

Herbal Mouthrinses for Prevention of Dental Caries in Children and Adolescents: A Systematic Review.

Saikia AM, Sivasubramanian A, MS M, et al. Herbal Mouthrinses for Prevention of Dental Caries in Children and Adolescents: A Systematic Review. Int J Clin Pediatr Dent 2024;17(S-1):S100-S111.

Destruction of cariogenic biofilms by antimicrobial photodynamic therapy mediated by phycocyanin and toluidine blue along with sodium fluoride varnish or titanium tetrafluoride

ObjectiveEvaluation of the effect of phycocyanin (PC) and toluidine blue (TBO) along with sodium fluoride varnish (FV) or titanium tetrafluoride (TiF4) under the conditions of antimicrobial photodynamic therapy (PDT) on a dual-species cariogenic biofilm and on remineralization process. DesignAfter the development of Streptococcus mutans and Lactobacillus acidophilus dual-species biofilms on the human enamel disks, they were divided into 11 groups (n = 9): Control (0.9 % saline), PC, TBO, FV, and TiF4 alone, PC and TBO in combination with a 635 nm diode laser (PDT treatment), PC-PDT+ (PC + FV or TiF4 + 635 nm diode laser), and TBO-PDT+ (TBO + FV or TiF4 + 635 nm diode laser). After the treatment, crystal violet assay was performed to determine the reduction of cariogenic biofilms. Enamel remineralization changes were analyzed using energy dispersive X-ray spectroscopy (EDX) and field emission scanning electron microscopy (FESEM) for the calcium and phosphorus (Ca/P) ratio. ResultsOnly TBO-PDT+ showed superior antibiofilm activity when TiF4 was applied. Furthermore, the highest Ca/P ratio was found after treatment of enamel surfaces with TiF4-TBO-PDT+. The FESEM images showed that the enamel disks treated with TiF4 plus TBO-mediated PDT exhibited surface coating. However, TiF4 plus PC-mediated PDT cannot repair demineralized enamel. ConclusionsThese data suggest that TBO-PDT along with TiF4 can effectively reduce cariogenic biofilms and significantly remineralize enamel disks, opening new avenues in caries prevention.

INDEKS KESEHATAN GIGI SISWA TAMAN KANAK-KANAK DI KELURAHAN MERGOSONO, MALANG

Dental and oral health, especially for children, is often considered a trivial matter. In fact, a healthy oral cavity condition at an early age will support the health of the oral cavity as an adult. The high rate of tooth decay in children should be a concern for parents, teachers and medical personnel. When complex dental and oral abnormalities occur in children, medical treatment causes trauma to their psychological condition, so it is much easier to prevent tooth decay through efforts to improve dental and oral health from an early age. Based on the results of dental and oral screening conducted on kindergarten children in Mergosono, Malang, it was found that the def-t score in children aged 4 years old is in the criteria of high (4,5), 5 years old is very high (7,7) and 6 years old is very high (6,8). The cause of the high incidence of dental caries in kindergarten children is the lack of knowledge about oral health, which can be concluded from the wrong behavior or way of brushing their teeth and the right knowledge about when to brush their teeth. Efforts that can be made to improve this behavior are education which is included in promotive and preventive efforts.