Prevalence Of Candiduria Research Articles

Five-year cross-sectional study to determine the burden of Candida spp. infections of the urinary tract system among patients attending tertiary hospital in Northwestern Tanzania

ObjectiveUrinary tract infections (UTIs) stand as a prominent global health concern. This study entails a 5-year retrospective analysis, using a cross-sectional study design to examine microbiology laboratory data of individuals...

Epidemiology and Risk Factors for Candiduria in Hospitalized Patients at Dr. Soetomo Hospital, Surabaya, Indonesia

Background: Candiduria can represent a variety of conditions, from sample contamination, kidney and collecting system infections, to life-threatening disseminated candidiasis. The prevalence of candiduria is significantly higher in hospitalized patients and may be associated with an increased mortality rate. Until now, most candiduria research has been done in developed countries, while the prevalence varies widely in different parts of the world. Objective: This study aimed to determine the epidemiology and risk factors for candiduria in hospitalized patients at Dr. Soetomo Hospital Surabaya from January to December 2020. Methods: This study is an observational analytic study with a cross-sectional design using medical record data and a total sample of 301 samples consisting of 185 candiduria patients and 116 non-candiduria patients. Results: Among 185 candiduria patients, most patients were female (67.6%) and dominated by the age group 45–59 years (40.5%). Candida albicans was found most commonly (42.7%). No resistance of the studied Candida species to Amphotericin B was found. The prevalence of candiduria in hospitalized patients was 0.55%. Variables that had a significant relationship with candiduria were diabetes mellitus (p=0.005 PR=1.309 95% CI=1.089–1.575), antibiotic use (p=0.006 PR=1.4 95% CI=1.174–1.670), and the use of an Intraurethral Catheter (IUC) (p=0.008 PR=1.292 95% CI=1.074–1.554). While old age, female gender, and corticosteroid therapy had no association with candiduria. Conclusion: The prevalence of candiduria is 0.55%. Diabetes mellitus, antibiotic use, and the use of an Intraurethral Catheter (IUC) have a significant relationship with candiduria in hospitalized patients.

Identification and Antifungal Susceptibility Profiles of Yeast Urogenital Tract Infection among Women in Benin City, Nigeria

The incidence of candida infections is on the increase globally, with laboratories not performing speciation and susceptibility testing routinely. This study aims to speciate and determine the susceptibility profile of yeast isolates recovered from urogenital specimens. A total of 115 female participants with signs and symptoms of urogenital tracts infection attending various clinics in University of Benin Teaching Hospital Benin City, Nigeria were recruited for this study. A total of 55 mid-stream urine and 60 high vaginal swabs and or endocervical swabs were collected from the participants and processed to recover yeast isolates. The yeast isolates were identified and susceptibility test performed using standard techniques. The prevalence of candiduria - 54.55% and vaginal candidiasis - 63.33%, did not differ significantly (P = 0.4426). Age did not significantly affect the prevalence of candiduria and vaginal candidiasis (P = 0.0525 and P = 0.2194, respectively). Candida albicans was the most prevalent yeast isolate recovered from urine and genital specimens. Amphotericin B and nystatin were the most active antifungal agents while fluconazole was the least active. High prevalence of yeast urogenital tract infections was observed in this study.

Study of Colonisation Pattern and Antifungal Sensitivity Profile of Candida Species in Diabetic Patients

Introduction: In recent times, various studies have pointed out the rise in prevalence of Candida species causing Urinary Tract Infections (UTIs). Candiduria appears to be underdiagnosed entity and thus has been the source of morbidity and mortality. Emergence of drug resistant Candida species has further complicated the patient management. Aim: To understand the colonisation pattern and antifungal sensitivity profile of Candida species in diabetic patients. Materials and Methods: This cross-sectional study was conducted for a period of six months (July 2019 to December 2019) at a tertiary care teaching centre of southern Haryana, India. A total of 360 urine samples were collected from patients admitted both outpatient and in-patient. Glycated Haemoglobin (HbA1c) ≥6.5% was taken as having diabetes. The urine samples were collected as per standard guidelines. Urine wet mount examination was performed. Confirmation of identification and antifungal susceptibility testing was done for all the Candida isolates. Data was analysed using statistical software. Results: The prevalence of candiduria was 65 (18.1%) among study subjects. Out of significant candiduria patients 19 (29.23%) were having Candida albicans, 30 (46.16%) were Candida tropicalis, 10 (15.38%) were Candida krusei, 6 (9.23%) Candida glabrata. Candida albicans was found to be sensitive to amphotericin-B in 100% of cases. Sensitivity to flucytosine, voriconazole and fluconazole was found to be 89.47%, 89.47% and 84.21% respectively in case of Candida albicans. Conclusion: The prevalence of candiduria is definitely high in this region. Non albicans Candida species are more resistant to antifungal drugs compared to Candida albicans.

Vitamin D-supplemented yogurt drink reduces Candida infections in a paediatric intensive care unit: a randomised, placebo-controlled clinical trial.

The prevalence of Candida infections in paediatric intensive care units (PICUs) has dramatically increased as a result of resistance to conventional anti-fungal treatments. Because vitamin D has been shown to exhibit fungicidal activity against Candida infection in an invitro antimicrobial screening, we aimed to investigate the effect of vitamin D on Candida infections in the PICU. Four hundred sixteen eligible children aged between 12months to 5years old admitted to the PICU, who were on broad-spectrum antibiotic therapy, participated in the study. Patients were randomly assigned to two study groups, receiving a plain yogurt drink (placebo group) or supplemented with 300IUday-1 vitamin D (VD group). Primary outcome was defined as the incidences of Candida colonisation (Candida isolated from rectal swab) 14days after enrollment. Secondary outcome measures were Candida growth in blood (candidaemia) and urine (candiduria). The prevalence of candiduria as well as candidaemia was significantly lower in the VD-treated group (26 cases) than in the placebo group (62 cases). The mean (SD) length of PICU stay was obviously lowered in the VD group [11.8(1.2)days] compared to the placebo group [15.2(2.3days)], whereas cases of patient death were similar between the two groups. Supplementation of vitamin D effectively reduces infections of Candida in children who were critically ill and on broad-spectrum antibiotic treatment.

Prevalence of Candiduria in a University Campus in Central Nigeria

Prevalence of Candiduria in a University Campus in Central Nigeria

Urinary tract candidiasis in HIV+ patients and sensitivity patterns of recovered<i> Candida </i>species to antifungal drugs in Dschang District Hospital (Cameroon)

The incidence of Candida urinary tract infections is gradually on the rise and is an important public health problem. The aim of our study was to determine the prevalence of urinary tract candidiasis (candiduria) in HIV positive patients in Dschang District Hospital and the antifungal susceptibility test of isolates. A total of 285 patients were recruited for this study. Midstream urine samples were collected and processed using standard mycological techniques. Candida isolates were identified base on the colony color on CHROMagar. Antifungal susceptibility testing of the isolates was performed by the broth dilution method using four commonly used antifungals. Results showed that 22% of patients had Candida spp in their urine. Candida albicans had a proportion of 37% against 63% for non-albicans Candida. Of the 53 isolates tested, ketoconazole had the highest percentage of resistance (88.6%) follow by fluconazole (64.1.6%), amphotericin B (56.6%) and nystatin (49.0%). The highest sensitivity was observed with nystatin (33.9%) while the lowest was found with ketoconazole (5.6%). In conclusion, the prevalence of candiduria among HIV positive patients in this study was 22%. Candida albicans remain the most frequently involved Candida species. Azole antifungals showed the highest resistance rate against all the Candida species isolates.Keywords: HIV+ patients, Candiduria, Candida spp, Antifungal susceptibility.

Occurrence of Candiduria in Paediatric Patients and its Antifungal Susceptibility in a Tertiary Care Centre

Children with urinary tract infection present with vague clinical features and candiduria in such patients signifies pyelonephritis/cystitis, disseminated candidiasis, contamination or colonisation. This study was aimed to determine the prevalence of candiduria in paediatric patients, their speciation, associated risk factors and antifungal susceptibility of these isolates which will help the clinicians in the better management of candiduria. In our study, the isolation rate for candiduria was 24.3%, more common in males (63%) compared to females (37%) and infants were most commonly involved. Colony count of ≥105 cfu/ml seen in 53% of the isolates and pus cells were seen in 84% cases. Among candiduria cases, 87% received broad spectrum antibiotics for more than 7 days, while 57% were catheterized, and 19% of the patients were on fluconazole therapy. In the present study, non-albicans candida species emerged as the predominant pathogen and was found in 57% cases while Candida albicans was found in 43% cases of candiduria. Antifungal susceptibility testing revealed that all the isolates were sensitive to voriconazole and ketoconazole while 95% of the isolates were sensitive to fluconazole and 92% were sensitive to itraconazole. Resistance to fluconazole was found in 5% of isolates while 8% isolates were resistant to itraconazole. Identification of candida species along with antifungal susceptibility is important in patients with UTI and will help the clinician in selecting the appropriate antifungal agent for better management of such cases.

Prevalence of Candiduria in Infants from a Tertiary Care Hospital

Yeast related urinary tract infections are rare in healthy newborns. Study was conducted in the department of microbiology in a tertiary care hospital, New Delhi from June 2012 to June 2013. Only infants were included in the study. A total of three hundred and thirty three urine samples were received for fungal culture and microscopy. The isolation rate of Candida species amongst the 333 samples was found to be 21.62%. Amongst 333 samples received 37 (11.11%) were positive for Candida albicans while 35 (10.51%) were positive for non albicans Candida species. So, in this study among 72 isolates of

Candiduria in Those over 85 Years Old: A Retrospective Study of 73 Patients

Candiduria is a common finding in the growing population of very old patients that has not been previously studied. The objective was to study candiduria in the population aged 85 and over, including an estimation of the incidence, factor of acquisition, and evaluation of treatment and mortality. Retrospective monocentric study. Materials medical charts of patients aged of 85 and over who have candiduria diagnosed at Nimes University Hospital. The prevalence of candiduria in the hospitalized very old patients was 8.9%. More than half of strains isolated were C. albicans (59%). Mean age was 89.7 years old with 53 women and 20 men. Urinary catheter (55%) and prior antibiotic use (67%) were commonly found. Fifteen patients with candiduria were treated, consistently with fluconazole. Patients treated had higher Mini Mental Test score than the others. A high C-reactive protein level, Mac Cabe score or Charlson's score >7 were associated with 6 months mortality. Episodes of candiduria in oldest old were associated with frailty and vulnerability of the patient. The medical decision for antifungal treatment is usually difficult to make but it did not seem to influence mortality.

To treat or not to treat – critically ill patients with candiduria

The prevalence of candiduria has increased in patients admitted to intensive care units (ICUs) and it has emerged as a common nosocomial infection among critically ill patients. Generally, urinary candidiasis should be regarded as a risk factor for invasive candidiasis, but not as a disease that needs to be treated on its own. However, decision-making in critically ill patients with candiduria may become a balancing act, because candiduria may be the only indication for invasive candidaemia with significant morbidity and mortality. Of further concern, there is a worldwide increase in the incidence of non-albicans spp. isolated from urine with highly variable susceptibility to fluconazole, which has been the first-line therapy for Candida infections during the last decades. This article discusses everyday problems with urinary candidiasis in interdisciplinary ICUs.