Prevalence Of Brucellosis In Sheep Research Articles

Prevalence of brucellosis in sheep and goat in Mumbai and Pune region by serological methods

Prevalence of brucellosis in sheep and goat in Mumbai and Pune region by serological methods

SEROPREVALENCE OF BRUCELLOSIS IN SMALL RUMINANTS IN YOBE STATE, NIGERIA

A serological study was conducted between October, 2019 to February, 2020 to investigate the prevalence of Brucellosis in sheep and goats in Yobe State. A total of 415 serum samples were collected from three, randomly selected Local Government Areas of the three Senatorial Districts of the State. The samples were first subjected to Rose Bengal Plate Test (RBPT). Positive samples were further subjected to Serum Agglutination (SAT) and 2Mercapto-Ethanol (2ME) tests. For the Ovine species, the seroprevalence rates were 9.87, 3.61 and 1.68% for RBPT, SAT and 2ME, respectively. The corresponding rates for Caprine were 6.74, 1.44 and 1.68%. Generally, SAT followed by 2ME were better in discriminating between positive and negative animals and thus reducing the chances of false positive/negative. Chi square test was used to determine significance between proportions among species, breeds and sex within RBPT and, management within SAT were statistically significant (P<0.05). Yankasa (6.26%) had higher rate than Uda (3.61%) and Balami (0.42%). The rate of 5.78% for Red Sokoto was also higher than 0.03% for West African Dwarf. It is concluded that Brucellosis is a challenge to small ruminant production in the study area. To lower the occurrence of Brucellosis in the study area, more attention should be paid to Yankasa and Red Sokoto breeds.

Serological and bacteriological evaluation of brucellosis in milk of small ruminants

Brucellosis continues to be a serious infection to human and animal populations in developing countries with detrimental impacts on public health and food animal production. This work aimed to estimate the prevalence of brucellosis in sheep and goats’ raw milk samples at Kirkuk Governorate, Iraq by identifying anti-Brucella antibodies and isolation of Brucella species. A total of 430 raw milk samples (210 sheep milk and 220 goats’ milk) were randomly collected from dairy females during the period from July to December 2019. The results showed an overall prevalence of Brucella antibodies in 12.3% and 10.7% of animals according to MRT and indirect ELISA, respectively. The overall isolation of Brucella species from raw milk samples was 10.0%. The isolated species of Brucella were B. abortus (37.2%) and B. melitensis (62.8%). An observable increase in occurrence during autumn (September to November) was detected, while autumn progress was associated with declining in brucellosis. In conclusion, brucellosis is still a significant public health hazard in Kirkuk Governorate. Based on test performance, the study recommends MRT as a rapid screening test for detecting brucellosis in milk in farms, centres, and dairy factories. Consumers are also recommended to sufficiently pasteurize the milk in order to kill this milk-borne pathogen before consumption.

Specific Detection and Differentiation Between Brucella melitensis and Brucella abortus by a Duplex Recombinase Polymerase Amplification Assay.

Brucellosis is a highly contagious zoonosis caused by a species under the genus Brucella. A duplex recombinase polymerase amplification (Duplex RPA) assay for the specific detection of Brucella melitensis and Brucella abortus was developed in this study. Primers were designed targeting hypothetical protein genes and membrane transporter genes of B. melitensis and B. abortus, respectively. The newly developed assay was validated for its analytical sensitivity and specificity. Different samples were collected from the Qinghai, Inner Mongolia, and Xinjiang provinces. After DNA extraction, the samples were analyzed by Duplex RPA, real-time PCR, and multiplex AMOS PCR to estimate the prevalence of brucellosis in sheep and yak in West China. The analytical sensitivities of Duplex RPA were 9 × 102 plasmid copies of B. melitensis and 9 × 101 plasmid copies of B. abortus, but by mixing the reaction tubes after 4 min of incubation, the sensitivities were 4 × 100 and 5 × 100 copies of B. melitensis and B. abortus, respectively. There was no cross-reactivity with Brucella suis, Chlamydia abortus, Salmonella typhimurium, Escherichia coli, and Toxoplasma gondii. The screening of field samples by Duplex RPA revealed that the prevalence of B. melitensis in sheep and yak was 75.8% and the prevalence of B. abortus was 4.8%. Multiplex AMOS PCR showed that the prevalence of B. melitensis was 19.3%, and that of B. abortus was 4.8%. It was concluded that the developed Duplex RPA is sensitive and specific to the detection of and differentiation between B. melitensis and B. abortus which will be useful in epidemiological surveillance and in the clinical settings.

Zoonotic brucellosis: Seroprevalence and different serological tests comparison in ovine and caprine population in district Quetta, Balochistan

The present study was design to determine the seroprevalence of zoonotic brucellosis and different serological tests comparison in ovine and caprine population in district Quetta, Balochistan. A total of 500 blood samples, comprising of 250 each from sheep and goat were randomly collected from out skirts of District Quetta, Balochistan. Out of the 250 blood samples 125 were collected from each males and females. The serum samples were tested for the presence of anti-Brucella antibodies by Rose Bengal Plate Test (RBPT), Serum Plate Agglutination Test (SPAT) and Serum Tube Agglutination Test (STAT). The overall prevalence of brucellosis in sheep was recorded as 16.4%, 13.2% and 10.8% by RBPT, SPAT and STAT, respectively and in goat was found to be 11.6%, 8.8% and 6.8% by RBPT, SPAT and STAT, respectively. The sex-wise prevalence of brucellosis in Ram (male sheep) was recorded as 12.8%, 8.8% and 7.2% by RBPT, SPAT and STAT, respectively; while in Ewe (female sheep) it was 20.0%, 17.6% and 14.4% by RBPT, SPAT and STAT respectively. In Buck (male goat), the seroprevalence of brucellosis was recorded 8.0%, 5.6% and 3.2%, whereas in Dew (female goat) it was 15.2%, 12.0% and 10.4% by RBPT, SPAT and STAT, respectively. The prevalence of brucellosis was relatively higher in ovine (sheep) as compared to caprine (goat), irrespective of techniques used. It was also concluded that brucellosis was higher in females than in males in both sheep and goat. Among all the serological tests applied in the present study, RBPT was found to be more sensitive and showed higher prevalence of brucellosis in sheep as well as in goat population.

Sero-epidemiological study of brucellosis in small ruminants and associated human beings in district Quetta, Balochistan

Brucellosis is an occupational hazard in animal handlers and medical practitioners. This study was aimed to estimate the sero-prevalence of brucellosis in goats, sheep and butchers (slaughterhouse worker) in Quetta and its suburb. A total of 530 peripheral blood samples were collected randomly from goats (n=250), sheep (n=250) and butchers (n=30). The serum samples were subjected for Rose Bengal Precipitation Test and Slide Agglutination Test, whereas hematological test was performed for (n=30) samples collected from slaughterhouse workers. Butchers were interviewed with the help of a predesigned questionnaire. Results showed that the overall prevalence of brucellosis in the area was about 3.4 % out of 530 serum samples. The antibody titer through SAT for Barbari breed was ranging 1:525 to 1:2625. For Khurasani and Mengali breeds, it was 1:125. In Complete Blood Count leukopenia was detected (WBC<4300/mm3) 21/30 (70 %), anemia 21/30 (70 %) thrombocytopenia (Platelets <150.000/mm3) within samples of butchers. Hemoglobin deficiency (HGB< 12mg/dl) 24/30 (80%) were found. It is concluded that brucellosis is more prevalent in female animals as compared to males. Barbari, Khurasani and Lehri breeds in goats and Mengali, Shinwari and Bibrik in sheep were more affected by brucellosis. Although insignificant association between prevalence of brucellosis in sheep and goat (P <0.05) was observed. Butchers and slaughter house workers are found to be at high risk due to their low immunity level. Keywords: Sero-prevalence; RBPT; SAT; Slaughterhouse; Brucella http://dx.doi.org/10.19045/bspab.2017.60084

Evaluation Of Immune Response To Brucella Infection In Sheep

Brucellosis in sheep and goats is a zoonotic infection (excluding Brucellaovis) with important effects on both public health and animal health. The disease is widespread in many areas of the world, particularly in some Mediterranean and Middle Easterncountries.Aim of the study: the present study aims to find out the prevalence of brucellosis in sheep in one of the areas of An Najaf El-Ashraf city, and study of the immune response by measuring the levels of and interleukin-10 (IL-10).Methodology: Current study conducted in the Najaf province (Al-Barakyia) during the period between September 2013- March 2014, fulfilled by using Rose Bengal and Enzyme Immunosorbent Assay (ELISA) tests for estimation of brucella antibodies. A total number of 48 serum samples were collected from sheep and stored at -20 C.Results: the frequency of positive sera by Rose Bengal test (RBT) was 20% and by ELISA technique was 25%. The level of interleukin 10 (IL-10) was estimated in all surveyed animals, 12 sera samples were showed an elevated IL-10 levels, all were positive with ELISA serological test.Conclusion: the detection of significant concentration of IL-10 among the seropositive cases may be indicated an active infection of brucella with type 2 cytokine production.Recommendations: the evaluation of immune response of vaccinated sheep with brucella REV1 vaccine, depending on the estimation of IFN-γ and IL-10 ratio that will reflect the cytokines induced during vaccination and consequently, the effective or not immune response.

Retrospective analysis of the prevalence of Brucella antibodies in sheep in the Karas Region of Namibia.

In this retrospective study, complete Brucella serology data from the annual national brucellosis testing program and disease investigation for the years 2008-2010 was collated and analyzed to estimate the prevalence of brucellosis in sheep in the Karas Region of Namibia. A total of 22,994 serological results from 762 flocks screened using the Rose Bengal test (RBT) and confirmed using the complement fixation test (CFT) were analyzed. An overall prevalence of 0.14% was recorded over the 3 years. Yearly prevalence was 0.19% (2008), 0.05% (2009), and 0.18% (2010). At district level, brucellosis prevalence was estimated to be between 0 and 0.49%. On positive farms (n = 32), prevalence was between 2.25 and 30%. True prevalence was zero at district level and in all the three study years. We concluded that the prevalence of Brucella antibodies in sheep was low taking into account that some farmers may have vaccinated against the disease. The low prevalence confirms the effectiveness of existing brucellosis control measures implemented by the official veterinary services.

Prevalence of brucellosis in small ruminants in three regions of Ghana

Summary Jarikre, T. A., B. O. Emikpe, R. D. Folitse, T. K. Odoom, A. Fuseini & E. Shaibu, 2014. Prevalence of brucellosis in small ruminants in three regions of G hana. Bulg. J. Vet. Med. (online first). Information on the prevalenc e of important reproductive zoonoses in West African countries other than Nigeria had been scanty in literature. This study estimates the prevalence of brucellosis in sheep and goats from Northern, Ashanti and Greater Accra regions of Ghana . T issues/swabs (319) and s erum (370) samples were collected from sheep and goats comprising male and f e male West African Dwarf (WAD) and S ahelian breeds between 1 to 4 years of age in the regions. These were screened for brucellosis using Mod i fied Ziehl Neelsen (MZN) sta ining method and the Rose Bengal Plate Test (RBPT). A seroprevalence of 13.3% was recorded while 17.0% were positive with modified ZN stai n ing. Goats (10%) and female animals (7.0%) had slightly high er seroprevalence. Adult animals of above two years had p rev a lence of 92.0% while WAD breed had the highest prevalence of 63.0% with 2.7% in female WAD. More seropositive animals were found from Ashanti region than other regions. Due to the zoonotic and economic implications of the disease, there is the need to e m bark on the strict control strategies i n cluding vaccination of small ruminants against brucellosis.

Seroprevalence of Brucellosis in Sheep and Cow Herds of Kermanshah Province by Conventional Methods during the Period 2008 to 2013

Aim: Brucellosis, as a zoonotic disease, is characterized by reduced fertility in animals. This study has aimed to assess the prevalence of brucellosis in sheep and cows rearing in Kermanshah Province. Methodology and Results: The study was conducted in the regions of Kermanshah whereas people had seropositive results for brucellosis. Serum samples of sheep and cow flocks were screened using tow conventional methods. The sheep was the most ruminant infected with brucella. The most seropositive cases were found in the year 2011. Conclusion, Significance and Impact of Study: Control and eradication programs among animals should be regarded as a priority measures in prevention of human brucellosis. The zoonotic aspects of brucellosis must be considered. When the disease exists in animals, especially in ovine and caprine, it is a concern for human public health. In order to control this zoonotic disease, close cooperation of health and veterinary organizations is necessary.

Human Brucellosis in the Republic of Macedonia by Regions Depending on Vaccination Procedures in Sheep and Goats

Background: Besides the strategy based on test-and-slaughter policy for seropositive sheep and goats after an evaluation of the situation, vaccination measure of those animals against brucellosis with Rev 1 vaccine in 2008 have been implemented.Aims: To examine the influence of the new measure for control and eradication of brucellosis in sheep and goats on the incidence of human brucellosis before and after vaccination with B. melitensis Rev.1.Material and methods: This is a retrospective study in which comparison of the incidence of human brucellosis in the three regions has been made depending on the vaccination procedure in sheep and goats one year before the implementation of the vaccination (2007) and 4 years later. Data for the infected sheep and goats were obtained from the Food and Veterinary Agency and data for human brucellosis were obtained from the Institute of Public Health of the Republic of Macedonia.Results: The greatest decrease in the incidence of human brucellosis (from 124.3 to 19.7/100,000 inhabitants) was registered in the region 3 where mass vaccination of sheep and goats was conducted. The highest incidence rate of brucellosis in sheep and goats was registered in 2007 (2010/100,000 sheep and goats) and the lowest in 2011 (156/100,000 sheep and goats). Periodic prevalence of brucellosis in sheep and goats prior to vaccination was 6882/100,000 sheep and goats and after vaccination 3698/100,000 sheep and goats (p&lt;0.05). There was a moderate positive correlation between the number of infected individuals with brucellosis and the number of infected sheep and goats (r=0.26).Conclusion: Decline of the incidence of human brucellosis is one of the major indicators for successfully implemented new control programs and strategies for prevention and eradication of brucellosis in sheep and goats. Vaccination was good measure to control brucellosis in the 3 regions.

Human Brucellosis in the Republic of Macedonia by Regions Depending on Vaccination Procedures in Sheep and Goats

Background: Besides the strategy based on test-and-slaughter policy for seropositive sheep and goats after an evaluation of the situation, vaccination measure of those animals against brucellosis with Rev 1 vaccine in 2008 have been implemented.Aims: To examine the influence of the new measure for control and eradication of brucellosis in sheep and goats on the incidence of human brucellosis before and after vaccination with B. melitensis Rev.1.Material and methods: This is a retrospective study in which comparison of the incidence of human brucellosis in the three regions has been made depending on the vaccination procedure in sheep and goats one year before the implementation of the vaccination (2007) and 4 years later. Data for the infected sheep and goats were obtained from the Food and Veterinary Agency and data for human brucellosis were obtained from the Institute of Public Health of the Republic of Macedonia.Results: The greatest decrease in the incidence of human brucellosis (from 124.3 to 19.7/100,000 inhabitants) was registered in the region 3 where mass vaccination of sheep and goats was conducted. The highest incidence rate of brucellosis in sheep and goats was registered in 2007 (2010/100,000 sheep and goats) and the lowest in 2011 (156/100,000 sheep and goats). Periodic prevalence of brucellosis in sheep and goats prior to vaccination was 6882/100,000 sheep and goats and after vaccination 3698/100,000 sheep and goats (p<0.05). There was a moderate positive correlation between the number of infected individuals with brucellosis and the number of infected sheep and goats (r=0.26).Conclusion: Decline of the incidence of human brucellosis is one of the major indicators for successfully implemented new control programs and strategies for prevention and eradication of brucellosis in sheep and goats. Vaccination was good measure to control brucellosis in the 3 regions.

Seroprevalence of Brucellosis in Sheep and Humans in District Kohat, Pakistan

| Brucellosis is a bacterial disease and is caused by genus Brucella. It is highly prevalent zoonotic disease in developing countries including Pakistan. This study was conducted to determine the prevalence of brucellosis in sheep and humans of district Kohat, Khyber Pakhtunkhwa. For this purpose, one hundred blood samples from each humans and sheep (50 each from both sexes) were randomly collected at three different tehsils (Lachi, Seni Gumbat and Kohat) of district Kohat. The serum samples were tested for presence of anti-Brucella antibodies by Rose Bengal Plate Test (RBPT) and Serum Agglutination Test (SAT). Moreover, a total of 50 milk samples were also collected from various sheep herds for subsequent conduction of milk ring test (MRT). The estimated prevalence of ovine brucellosis was 12.12%, 09% and 08.82% in Lachi, Seni Gumbat and Kohat, respectively, with an overall prevalence of 10% in the district. Whereas, SAT and RBPT demonstrated the prevalence as 7% and 6%, respectively, in humans. The results of current study validated that brucellosis was widespread in district Kohat with a relatively higher prevalence being recorded in ewes and occupationally exposed women than their male counterparts. Furthermore, the prevalence of brucellosis was significantly higher in sheep and humans of Lachi and Seni Gumbat tehsils as compared to Kohat. Results of the current study may support the health care organizers to formulate suitable control plans against Brucellosis.

Seroprevalence of Brucellosis in Sheep in the Gaibandha District of Bangladesh

Brucellosis is an important zoonoses causing signififant economic loss but is very often neglected in Bangladesh. Therefore, a survey was undertaken to investigate the seroprevalence of brucellosis in sheep of selected areas (Gaibandha sadar and Gobindagonj upazilas) in the Gaibandha districts of Bangladesh. A total of 206 sera samples were collected from sheep and were tested for presence of Brucella specific antibody by Rose Bengal Plate Test (RBPT) as screening test and the RBPT positive samples were further confirmed using indirect Enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (i-ELISA). Information of sheep's age, sex, housing system, pregnancy status, abortion and reproductive disorder were collected using questionnaire. The overall seroprevalence of brucellosis in sheep was recorded as 3.39% in RBPT and 2.91% in i-ELISA. The prevalence of brucellosis in female sheep (3.41%) was higher than male (3.33%). The prevalence of brucellosis in sheep with abortion history was higher (4.34%) than the sheep with no abortion (3.08%). The highest prevalence of brucellosis (4.00%) was found in sheep keeping with others species such as cattle and goat compared to the sheep keeping alone (1.79%). The higher rate (4.59%) of Brucella antibody was recorded in sheep of 1-2 years of age. Brucellosis might be an important hinders for sheep production in Bangladesh. The present study will help to develop an appropriate prevention strategy for brucellosis in Bangladesh.DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3329/pa.v23i1-2.16562Progress. Agric. 23(1 &amp; 2): 25 – 32, 2012

Brucellosis in sheep and goat of Bogra and Mymensingh districts of Bangladesh

Brucellosis is the most important bacterial disease of livestock in Bangladesh. The present study was conducted to determine the seroprevalence of brucellosis in goat and sheep in Mymensingh and Bogra districts of Bangladesh using slow agglutination test and Rose Bengal test as screening test and indirect enzyme linked immunosorbent assay as confirmatory test. Questionnaire based data on age, gender, area, client's complaint, number of animals in herds, disease history, reproductive problems such as abnormal uterine discharge, abortion or previous abortion in sheep and goat and their reproductive diseases were recorded. A total of 200 sera samples were collected from 80 sheep and 120 goats. The prevalence of brucellosis in goat was 2.50% and 1.25% in sheep. Positive reactors were only detected in female of both goat and sheep. In this study, there existed a significant association among abortion and the prevalence of brucellosis (p < 0.01). The prevalence of brucellosis in sheep and goat in Bangladesh is not negligible, and it is therefore worth considering the adoption of preventive measures.

Brucellosis in the Republic of Serbia - The Epizootiological Situation

Results. Brucellosis in livestock is present in some regions in Serbia. During the period from 2003 to 2007, the prevalence of brucellosis in sheep was 19.5%-73% (26.8%), in goats 0%-67.1% (35%), in cattle 0%-36.1% (4.8%), and in pigs 0%-16.4% (5.8%). During 2004 new foci of brucellosis in livestock and humans were discovered in the territories of Srednjebanatski and Zapadnobacki counties. By the end of 2004, new foci were registered on the territory of 10 communities from five counties and brucellosis cases were diagnosed in 12 settlements. Actual epizootiological situation during the period from 2007 to 2009 in Serbia was additionally complicated both by the increased number of registered cases and remarcable number of newly affected areas.

Prevalence of, and risk factors for, brucellosis in Awassi sheep in Southern Jordan

A cross-sectional study was carried out during the period between July 2003 and June 2005 to investigate the epidemiology of ovine brucellosis in Southern Jordan. Serum samples from 1380 sheep corresponding to 66 flocks were collected and analyzed using rose bengal plate test and complement fixation test. A structured questionnaire was used to collect information on sheep health and management. Risk factors for Brucella seropositivity were investigated using a multivariable logistic regression model. In addition, the incidence of Brucella-specific abortion was investigated in 12 sheep flocks located in Karak (a governorate in the southern part of Jordan). The true prevalence of Brucella-seropositive sheep was 37.6%. Out of the 66 investigated sheep flocks, 31 (47%) had at least one positive animal. The prevalence of brucellosis in sheep was significantly higher ( P < 0.05) in Ma’an governorates than that in the other governorates. The multivariable logistic regression model identified addition of new animals (OR = 2.8; 95% CI: 2.1, 3.8), contact with other sheep flocks (OR = 1.8; 95% CI: 1.3, 2.7) and lending lambs during breeding season (OR = 1.9; 95% CI: 1.2, 3.1) as risk factors. On the other hand, vaccination with Rev-1 vaccine (OR = 1.7; 95% CI: 1.1, 3.0) was identified as a protective factor.