Abstract
Background: Besides the strategy based on test-and-slaughter policy for seropositive sheep and goats after an evaluation of the situation, vaccination measure of those animals against brucellosis with Rev 1 vaccine in 2008 have been implemented.Aims: To examine the influence of the new measure for control and eradication of brucellosis in sheep and goats on the incidence of human brucellosis before and after vaccination with B. melitensis Rev.1.Material and methods: This is a retrospective study in which comparison of the incidence of human brucellosis in the three regions has been made depending on the vaccination procedure in sheep and goats one year before the implementation of the vaccination (2007) and 4 years later. Data for the infected sheep and goats were obtained from the Food and Veterinary Agency and data for human brucellosis were obtained from the Institute of Public Health of the Republic of Macedonia.Results: The greatest decrease in the incidence of human brucellosis (from 124.3 to 19.7/100,000 inhabitants) was registered in the region 3 where mass vaccination of sheep and goats was conducted. The highest incidence rate of brucellosis in sheep and goats was registered in 2007 (2010/100,000 sheep and goats) and the lowest in 2011 (156/100,000 sheep and goats). Periodic prevalence of brucellosis in sheep and goats prior to vaccination was 6882/100,000 sheep and goats and after vaccination 3698/100,000 sheep and goats (p<0.05). There was a moderate positive correlation between the number of infected individuals with brucellosis and the number of infected sheep and goats (r=0.26).Conclusion: Decline of the incidence of human brucellosis is one of the major indicators for successfully implemented new control programs and strategies for prevention and eradication of brucellosis in sheep and goats. Vaccination was good measure to control brucellosis in the 3 regions.
Highlights
According to the World Health Organization (WHO) brucellosis is zoonotic infection with a worldwide impact, contributing to significant health and economic problems [1].Brucellosis is considered to be one of the main zoonotic diseases in Republic of Macedonia
The Brucella melitensis (B. melitensis) Rev-1 strain is currently considered as the best vaccine available for the control of ovine and caprine brucellosis, especially when used at the standard dose by the conjunctival route [2]
Vaccination program of sheep and goats with the B. melitensis strain Rev. 1 conjunctival vaccine has been introduced in the Republic of Macedonia in 2008
Summary
According to the World Health Organization (WHO) brucellosis is zoonotic infection with a worldwide impact, contributing to significant health and economic problems [1]. Brucellosis is considered to be one of the main zoonotic diseases in Republic of Macedonia. The number of reported human infections has not decreased significantly despite the eradication programme (test and slaughter) in cattle, sheep and goats [2]. The Brucella melitensis (B. melitensis) Rev-1 strain is currently considered as the best vaccine available for the control of ovine and caprine brucellosis, especially when used at the standard dose by the conjunctival route [2]. Besides the strategy based on test-and-slaughter policy for seropositive sheep and goats after an evaluation of the situation, vaccination measure of those animals against brucellosis with Rev 1 vaccine in 2008 have been implemented
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