Prevalence Of Bovine Brucellosis Research Articles

Prevalence of bovine brucellosis in India: a meta-analysis

Background Bovine brucellosis is a highly contagious zoonotic disease that hinders production and is a vital public health concern. Even though brucellosis is one of the important diseases in India, the exact prevalence details of the disease are not known. Objective To derive an estimate of the prevalence of brucellosis in India. Material and Methods A systematic review and meta-analysis were carried out by using PRISMA and MOOSE protocols. A total of 133 studies were taken from online sources and various publications. Among these, 69 studies were incorporated that include a total of 140908 bovines. The data were compiled from 1990 to 2019 around India. Results Pooled estimates of the prevalence of brucellosis in cattle and buffaloes were 16.6% (95% CI: 13.0, 21.1) and 14.2% (95% CI: 8.9, 21.8), respectively and in bovines was 15.1% (95% CI: 12.0, 18.8). The meta-analysis revealed that there was significant heterogeneity between the published studies. Conclusion As the prevalence of bovine brucellosis in India is not known hence the present study will provide the knowledge on prevalence and epidemiology of bovine brucellosis in India and will be helpful for the government to make policy plans to control this disease in India.

Investigation of Bovine, Caprine and Ovine Brucellosis in North Bahri, Sudan

The study was conducted at Bahri North, Khartoum State, Sudan, during the year 2021. The study was aiming at detection of bovine, caprine and ovine brucellosis in North Bahri. A total of 1050 bovine, 2081 caprine and 870 ovine blood samples were collected. Sera were separated from blood samples and kept at -20o at the laboratory of College of Veterinary Medicine, University of Bahri. Sera were tested using Rose Bengal Plate Test (RBPT) and modified Rose Bengal Plate Test (mRBPT) for detection of Brucella antibodies. By using RBPT for testing the sera for brucellosis, the prevalence of bovine brucellosis was 0.95, caprine brucellosis 11.24% and ovine brucellosis 1.14%. By using mRBPT for testing the sera for brucellosis, the prevalence of bovine brucellosis was 1.42, caprine brucellosis 13.83% and ovine brucellosis 1.95%. mRBPT is more sensitive than RBPT in detection of Brucella antibodies. Investigation of more animals covering the whole state, using of other serological and immunological test and vaccination of animals are recommended.

Seroprevalence of brucellosis in cattle in abia state

Bovine brucellosis caused by the organism Brucella abortus is a chronic infectious disease of public health and economic significance. Studies on prevalence of bovine brucellosis in Abia State are scarce. Therefore, a cross-sectional study was conducted to determine the prevalence of bovine brucellosis in the State. Blood samples were collected from 212 cattle from various parts of the State and sera subjected to Rose Bengal Plate Test (RBPT) to detect antibodies against Brucella. Overall sero-prevalence of 13.7% was reported. The prevalence was higher in female cattle (24.2%) than in males (11%). Red Bororo showed higher seropositivity (26.7%) than other breeds screened. Sero-prevalence was higher in the semi-intensively managed animals (27.8%) than in extensively reared cattle. Similarly, cattle aged 2 to 3 years recorded a higher prevalence (25%) than others. However, there was no statistically significant association between the seroprevalence of brucellosis and sex (P= 0.05), age (P=0.82), breed (P=0.25), and management system (P=0.07 ). The detection of brucellosis in cattle poses a very significant public health risk in Abia state, and so it is important to carry out awareness campaigns to enlighten cattle handlers and the general public of its public health significance.

Bovine brucellosis serological survey in small dairy herds in Lushnja district, Albania

Bovine brucellosis is an important zoonotic disease in Albania. Both B. abortus and B. melitensis have been isolated from ruminants. National control and eradication programs for brucellosis are applied on sheep and goat farms and larger dairy cattle farms. However, the current control programs for brucellosis do not cover small dairy cattle farms, and there is no valid data on the prevalence of the disease in this category; this prevents formulating evidence-based and effective strategies for control of the disease in this population subset. Therefore, the current study aimed to assess the herd and within-herd prevalence of bovine brucellosis in small bovine herds and provide scientific evidence for establishing an evidence-based approach to control the disease in this subset of the population not previously included in the national eradication program. To achieve this objective, a statistical survey was designed and implemented in small dairy herds in the Lushnja district, where samples from statistically selected herds were serologically tested in parallel with Rose Bengal Test (RBT), Fluorescence Polarization Assay (FPA) and Enzyme-Linked Immunosorbent Assay (ELISA). In total, 120 dairy herds were randomly selected from a list of 1,955 registered herds: from these selected herds, 368 blood samples were collected from all animals older than 12 months, and their sera were tested using RBT, FPA, and c-ELISA. The test results revealed no positive or suspect cases. Based on these results, we are confident (P0.05) that Brucella spp is not circulating in this subpopulation of cattle in the Lushja district. This deduction is supported by analyses of the main risk factors, other epidemiological data, and the perceptions of official and private veterinarians. This is the first structured survey of bovine brucellosis in small dairy herds in Albania. In conclusion, our study results and our findings show that the epidemiological status of bovine brucellosis in the Lushnja district is encouraging. Therefore, a test and slaughter control program appears appropriate in smaller herds. Furthermore, the approach used in this pilot study could be extended to establish the prevalence of brucellosis in other districts, the result of which would establish the basis for rational control measures in the smaller herds of cattle.

Bovine Brucellosis and Its Public Health Significance in Ethiopia

Bovine brucellosis is endemic and widely distributed in Ethiopia. The country has already prioritized top five zoonotic diseases (rabies, anthrax, brucellosis, Rift Valley fever and highly pathogenic avian influenza) in 2019 using reprioritization workshop. So brucellosis is one of the top five neglected zoonotic diseases in the country. According to several studies, the distribution and prevalence of bovine and human brucellosis in Ethiopia varies among regions in terms of animal production and management systems, community living standards and awareness levels. The disease has major zoonotic and economic implications for rural communities, particularly pastoralists. The aim of this article was therefore to review and summarize recent studies (2010–2021) on the prevalence of bovine brucellosis in animals and humans, with reference to Ethiopia. This review describes both bovine and human brucellosis reported from various geographical areas of the country. Reports between the years 2010 and 2021 indicated a prevalence rate between 1.2% and 22.5% at the individual level, and 3.3% and.68.6% at the herd level. However, the human brucellosis seroprevalence rate was 2.15%–48.3% between 2006 and 2021. This increase clearly indicates the expected future threat of this disease in the country. However, control measures and community awareness are lacking. Therefore, actual implementation of prevention and control measures, community awareness, further studies and continual review to provide compiled information for understanding the transmission dynamics of the disease are essential.

A review of brucellosis in the Middle East and control of animal brucellosis in an Iranian experience

To describe brucellosis infectious as a zoonotic disease, which is caused by Brucella spp. Brucellosis is considered to be a major health and economic challenge in developing countries, including Iran. This study focuses on epidemiology human's and animal's brucellosis and disease control strategies. Test-and-slaughter technique and extensive livestock vaccination programs are used for eradication of brucellosis. Test-and-slaughter is a general policy in Middle Eastern countries to eradicate the disease. Under this program, the Rose Bengal plate test is used as a screening measure to identify the infected herd, whereas the complement fixation test is applied as a confirmatory test. The prevalence of bovine brucellosis in 2015–2016 ranged between 7.2 and 18.1% in Kuwait and Jordan and ranged between 3 and 3.1% in Iraq and Iran in 2012–2014. Prevalence of goat brucellosis (Brucella melitensis) was 3.5% in Iran in 2014. Test-and-slaughter is used in most of the countries where the prevalence rate of the disease does not exceed 2%. Since 1963, testing the vaccine efficacy in goats and sheep has proven that vaccination can decrease the epidemic rate of the disease from 45 to 1.8%. This study indicated the test-and-slaughter technique alone has not proven successful in the eradication of brucellosis in Iran, and animal vaccination is essential to the control and eradication of animal and human brucellosis.

Sero-prevalence of brucellosis (Brucella abortus) in bovines from Caquetá state, Colombia

Brucellosis is a disease with implications in the public health due both to its zoonotic character as its easy transmission trough of dairy products contaminated with the microorganism Brucella sp. The aim of this article was determinate the prevalence of bovine brucellosis in nine municipalities that carrying the 75% of bovine population in the Caquetá state, Colombia. Blood samples were collected in 100 herds dedicates to dual-purpose cattle, obtained blood serum from 1000 animals, of which 882 corresponding to cows. Rose Bengal Plate Test was performed and the confirmations of positive cases were made by competitive Elisa. The sero-prevalence of bovine brucellosis in Caquetá state was of 3.23% (95%, CI: 0-6.53%), in males 2.6% and females 3.29% respectively. At the municipal level, the sero-prevalence varied of 0 to 6.06%. The prevalence of brucellosis at herd level was of 22% (95%, CI: 12.24-31.76%). In conclusion, the sero-prevalence is low in bovines but moderate at the level of herds, therefore, it is necessary to increase the performance of the official control entities at the level of herds to reduce the high prevalence of the disease for guaranteed the safety of milk and thus the health of consumers.

Application of Rose Bengal Test and ELISA in Meat Juice for Monitoring of Brucellosis among Cattle Carcasses at Erbil City, Iraq

Brucellosis is a global zoonotic bacterial disease. It is also an ever-increasing public health concern, particularly in endemic regions such as Kurdistan region in Middle East. Samples of meat juice were screened for anti-Brucella antibodies via Rose Bengal Test (RBT) and ELISA from January to June 2018. Bacteriological isolation of Brucella sp. from meat samples was also performed. The overall prevalence of bovine brucellosis is 7.7%, 6.6%, and 4.9% by RBT, ELISA, and culture-based test respectively. Based on sensitivity and specificity, ELISA outperforms RBT in comparison to culture results as the gold standard test. Nonetheless, both tests showed good efficiency in comparison to culture approach. In terms of temporal changes of brucellosis rate, spring progress is strongly associated (r²=0.96) with increase in seroprevalence. In conclusion, the prevalence of bovine brucellosis in Erbil city is alarming. Countermeasures should be taken to mitigate the economic losses and transmission to human.

Prevalence of bovine brucellosis, paratuberculosis, enzootic leucosis, and antigen-reactive agents to bovine viral diarrhea virus in animals up to one year old

Live cattle export is one of the newest commercial sectors available to Brazilian farmers, but to be exported animals must be free of infectious diseases, especially those prohibited by the countries importing them. In this study, 1,800 bovine sera were collected from animals destined for export in the Brazilian states of Goiás (GO), Minas Gerais (MG), and São Paulo (SP). The sera were tested for bovine brucellosis (BB), paratuberculosis (PTB), enzootic bovine leukosis (EBL), and bovine viral diarrhea (BVD). This was the first study in Brazil to conduct a serological survey for bovine PTB in the states of SP, GO, and MG, and the first survey for BVD in GO. The total percentage of animals positive for each disease was 0.33% (2/1,800) for BB, 16.17% (97/1,800) for PTB, 31.50% (189/1,800) for EBL, and 9.67% (58/1,800) for BVD.

Cross Sectional Study of Brucellosis in Cattle Slaughtered in Abattoirs within the Transit City of Ilorin, Kwara State, Nigeria

Brucellosis is one of the most important zoonosis in the world; it is highly contagious and caused by a group of organisms in the genus Brucella. The disease remains endemic in Nigeria and its actual incidence and prevalence are unknown due to both inadequate surveillance and systems of reporting outbreaks. This study was designed to determine the sero-prevalence of bovine brucellosis in Ilorin, Kwara State, a gateway to states, and countries engaging in livestock trades within and around Nigeria. A total of 224 blood samples were randomly collected from cattle slaughtered at the two metropolitan abattoirs in the city. The study employed a combination of 2 serological techniques; the Rose Bengal Plate Test (RBPT) and the Serum Agglutination Tube Test (SAT). Of the 224 cattle screened, 10.71% tested positive with Rose Bengal Antigen, while 11.16% tested positive for Serum Agglutination Tube Test (SATT). Prevalence was higher in cows (11.44%) than in bulls (8.69%). There was no significant relationship between the prevalence of bovine brucellosis and any of the variables examined. However, the overall prevalence (11.16%) observed in the study was significant. Thus, the need for drastic public health interventions/control measures on brucellosis in the livestock industry in Nigeria.

Analysis of domestic animal movements in Colombia (2006-2014) and their possible influence on the bovine brucellosis spread.

Bovine brucellosis is a zoonotic disease that causes great economic losses. The disease is endemic in Colombia and animal movements from infected herds carry a risk of introduction to other herds. With the objective of analyzing the animal movements and determining their relationship with bovine brucellosis, we performed a descriptive analysis of the space-time movement of livestock in Colombia between 2006 and 2014. Multiple linear regression models (MLR) were employed to determine the relationship between brucellosis status and animal movements at the province level. The prevalence of bovine brucellosis in cattle was the dependent variable, and a total of 14 independent variables related to location, year, census, and animal movements were included. The prevalence of bovine brucellosis was significantly affected by the province (F = 3.42; P < 0.001), the year (F = 9.03; P < 0.001), and bovine (F = 5.45; P = 0.02) and equine movements (F = 3.8; P = 0.053). Fewer cattle and more horses entered provinces with high prevalence than those with low prevalence, indicating the possible relationship between the animal movements and the brucellosis infection in the country.

Prevalence of Bovine Brucellosis in Islamabad and Rawalpindi Districts of Pakistan

Prevalence of Bovine Brucellosis in Islamabad and Rawalpindi Districts of Pakistan

Prevalence of bovine brucellosis in slaughtered cattle and barriers to better protection of abattoir workers in Ibadan, South-Western Nigeria.

IntroductionBrucellosis is a neglected zoonosis of public health importance. This study was conducted to determine the prevalence and risk factors of brucellosis among slaughtered cattle as well as challenges to the protection of abattoir workers in Nigeria.MethodsA slaughterhouse study was conducted in a major abattoir in Ibadan from March to August, 2013. To diagnose brucellosis, serum samples from 1,241 slaughtered cattle were tested using Rose-Bengal test (RBT) and competitive enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (cELISA); again, 57 milk samples were tested with milk ring test (MRT) and indirect ELISA (iELISA). Furthermore, a survey on the usage of personal protective equipment (PPE) and challenges to its use by abattoir workers was done. Data were analysed using Stata 12.ResultsSeroprevalence by RBT was 7.8%; 77.3% (75/97) of these were corroborated by cELISA. Prevalence in milk samples by MRT and indirect ELISA were 33.3% and 3.5%, respectively. Sex (OR: 2.5; 95%CI:1.3-4.5) was the factor significantly associated with Brucella seropositivity. None of the abattoir workers used standard protective overalls; while, 99.6% of the meat handlers and 84.1% of the butchers worked barefoot. Most of the workers (75.7%) wore no protective gloves. The respondents agreed that provision of free PPE and sanctions against non-users would encourage its use.ConclusionOur findings indicate moderate prevalence (7.8%) of bovine brucellosis with sex of cattle being a risk factor. A notable barrier to better protection of abattoir workers against brucellosis is perceived inconvenience arising from use of gloves. Therefore, preventive and control measures against brucellosis must include education and use of PPE among abattoir workers.

Monthly Variations of the Prevalence of Bovine Brucellosis in Benin

Monthly Variations of the Prevalence of Bovine Brucellosis in Benin

Mathematical modeling of bovine brucellosis control using the RB51 vaccine

The Brazilian Ministry of Agriculture, Livestock and Food Supply established the National Program for Control and Eradication of Brucellosis and Tuberculosis (PNCEBT) in 2001. One of the main strategies adopted by the program is the mandatory vaccination of heifers between three and eight months of age with the B19 strain. In 2007, Brazil allowed the use of RB51 vaccine in bovine females over 8 months of age as an option for the producer, but kept the B19 strain as a mandatory vaccine. This decision is based on the assumption that combining the two vaccines allows to achieve significant vaccination coverage sooner and, consequently, accelerates the fall speed of prevalence. Thus, this study aimed to measure the impact of the combined use of these two vaccines in reducing the prevalence, using as a tool the mathematical modeling. It was concluded that vaccination by RB51, if adopted as a complement to vaccination by B19, mean decrease in the prevalence of bovine brucellosis in less time.

Rose Bengal Plate Test (RBPT) Based Sero-prevalence of Bovine Brucellosis in and around Chench, Gama Goffa, Southern Ethiopia

Across sectional study was conducted with objective to determine sero-prevalence bovine brucellosis occurrence from Dec 2009 to Feb 2010 at Chencha district of Gamo Gofa zone. Total of 384 serum samples were collected from cattle and tested for the presence of brucell antibodies using Rose Bengal Plate Test (RBPT). Overall seroprevalence of 4 (1.04%) was recorded in the area. Among the risk factors Abortion and RFM (Retain Fetal membrane) were found significantly associated with sero-positivity (p<0.05). In conclusion the present work generally showed low sero prevalence of bovine brucellosis in the study area and brucellosis was clinically associated with abortion and retained fetal membrane.

BOVINE BRUCELLOSIS IN REPRODUCTIVE DISORDERS OF DAIRY ANIMALS IN PERI-URBAN AREAS OF GUJARAT

Bovine brucellosis - a significant zoonotic disease is commonly prevalent in dairy animals worldwide with varying magnitude between herds, locations, states and countries requiring sound surveillance to design proper control measures. A surveillance of brucellosis in reproductive disorders of bovines of peri-urban areas of Gujarat, India was therefore conducted using various diagnostic tests. Total 5036 animals in 199 herds of bovines (cattle-1720 and buffaloes-3316) from peri-urban areas were monitored for occurrence of reproductive disorders. Total 16.90% (849) bovines suffered from various reproductive disorders. Of these reproductive disorders cases, 18.30% (155) were found positive for Brucella abortus antibodies. Among Brucella positive cases of reproductive disorders, significantly (p=0.000) higher prevalence of bovine brucellosis was found in cases of abortion (45.50%) than other reproductive disorders. The prevalence of bovine brucellosis in reproductive disorders of bovine in different peri-urban areas varied non-significantly between 12.60 and 23.90% (p>0.05). Further, MRT, STAT and RBPT showed 7.27, 14.84 and 15.19% positivity, respectively. Therefore, all reproductive disorders should be monitored using accurate diagnostic tests such as milk-ELISA or I-ELISA for correct and prompt diagnosis as to prevent further spread of infection to apparently healthy animals of the herd and surroundings.

Prevalence and risk factor's analysis of bovine brucellosis in peri-urban areas under intensive system of production in Gujarat, India

Aim: brucellosis in dairy herds of peri-urban areas. Five randomly selected peri-uban areas of six cities of Gujarat were included in the present study. Five randomly selected dairy herds under intensive system of production from each selected peri-urban area were included for further investigation. In total, 199 bulk and 582 individual milk samples were screened by milk-ELISA. Forty three different risk factors were identified and grouped into four major categories as general characteristics of farms, introduction of infection to farms, management systems of farms and exposure of disease. Further, their distribution and association with prevalence of bovine brucellosis was studied. The overall herd and animal prevalence in peri-urban areas was 33.70 and 11.90%, respectively. Out of 11 risk factors on general characteristics of dairy farms, only five (herd size, type of animals, type of breed, age of owner and knowledge gained by owners) showed significant (p<0.05) association with occurrence of bovine brucellosis. None of risk factors on introduction of infection to farms (n=6) and management systems of farms (n=11) was found significantly associated with occurrence of brucellosis. Among risk factors on exposure of disease (n=15), history of abortion, retention of placenta, still birth and metritis/endometritis showed significant (p<0.05) association with prevalence of bovine brucellosis. It was concluded that prevalence of bovine brucellosis in dairy herds under intensive system of production in peri-urban areas of Gujarat was comparatively higher than reported overall prevalence of brucellosis. Risk factors like larger herd in close confinement without adequate sheds, type of animal, type of breed and knowledge/awareness of dairyman, unrestricted animal market, replacement without prior testing, reproductive disorders with absence of their testing are the important risk factors under the intensive production system of peri-urban areas of Gujarat, India.

Seroprevalence of &lt;i&gt;Brucella abortus&lt;/i&gt; antibodies in the cattle population in the selected upazilas of Sirajgonj district

A study was carried out on 135 commercial dairy farms of five upazillas of Sirajgonj district to know the prevalence of Brucella abortus antibody in herds during the period from January 2012 to December 2013. A total of 270 blood samples were tested by Anigen® Rapid Brucella Ab test kit. The overall prevalence of bovine brucellosis was recorded as 8.51%. Distribution on the basis of breed, age, sex and pregnancy revealed the significant relationship among the infection, breed, sex, age and pregnancy in the population. The prevalence was relatively high in older cattle (9.09%) and the highest prevalence was 9.34% in the pregnant female. The prevalence of Brucella abortus antibody was considerably high in most of the large herds. Further study is needed to know the species and biovar of Brucella circulating in the study area.DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3329/bjvm.v11i2.19127 Bangl. J. Vet. Med. (2013). 11 (2): 127-130

Prevalence of bovine brucellosis in a dairy herd, Uttarakhand, India

Prevalence of bovine brucellosis in a dairy herd, Uttarakhand, India