Prevalence Of Anxiety Research Articles

The prevalence of anxiety symptoms/disorders in cancer patients: a meta-analysis

ObjectiveCancer can have negative effects on mental health. The aim of this study was to investigate the prevalence of anxiety symptoms/disorders in cancer patients’ worldwide using meta-analysis.MethodsThe study population was cancer patients who had cancer at the time of the study. The outcome studied in this study was anxiety symptoms/disorders. PubMed and Scopus were searched based on the syntax of keywords, this search was limited to articles published in English until September 2021. For this meta-analysis, data on the prevalence of anxiety were first extracted for each of the eligible studies. The random-effects method was used for the pool of all studies. Subgroup analysis was performed based on sex, anxiety disorders, cancer site, and continents. Heterogeneity in the studies was also assessed.ResultAfter evaluating and screening the studies, eighty-four studies were included in the meta-analysis. Prevalence of anxiety symptoms/disorders in cancer patients showed that this prevalence is 23% (I2 = 99.59) in the 95% confidence interval between 22-25%. This prevalence was 20% (I2 = 96.06%) in the 95% confidence interval between 15-24% in men and this prevalence is 31% (I2 = 99.72%) in the 95% confidence interval between 28-34% in women. The highest prevalence of anxiety was in patients with ovarian, breast, and lung cancers.DiscussionIt showed a high prevalence of anxiety symptoms/disorders in cancer patients, in addition to therapeutic interventions for cancer, the necessary interventions should be made on the anxiety of these patients. Methodological limitation was the heterogeneity between the studies included in the meta-analysis. Some types of cancer sites could not be studied because the number of studies was small or the site of cancer was not identified.

A psychological reaction of higher education students to the new national exit exam in the case of Dilla University, 2023

IntroductionTest anxiety is an emotional state characterized by physiological and behavioral responses linked to the fear of poor exam results. It can result in a significant impact in the overall academic achievement of students. Addressing the contributing factors of the problem is better to intervene in the academic challenges of students and create a conducive learning environment. Thus, this study investigated the association between test anxiety and the newly implemented national exit exam program among prospective graduate students at Dilla University in 2023.MethodsA community-based cross-sectional design was employed, involving 357 participants recruited from August 15 to September 14, 2023. Data collection utilized structured questionnaires combined with interviews. The Westside Test Anxiety Inventory (WTAI) assessed test anxiety levels. Epi Info version 7 facilitated data entry, with subsequent analysis conducted using SPSS version 25. A p < 0.05 was used to determine statistical significance in the multivariate logistic regression model.ResultsThe prevalence of test anxiety associated with the national exit exam among prospective graduates at Dilla University was 68.9% (95% CI: 63.9–73.7%). The analysis identified significant associations between test anxiety and several factors: non-formal educational background of parents (AOR = 2.84, 95% CI: 2.12–4.65), moderate social support (AOR = 0.24, 95% CI: 0.12–0.46), and poor coping mechanisms (AOR = 3.67, 95% CI: 2.45–5.67).ConclusionThis study revealed a substantial prevalence of test anxiety among graduating students about the national exit exam. The findings suggest that factors such as limited social support and inadequate coping mechanisms contribute to test anxiety. Targeted interventions, including social support programs, counseling services, coping mechanism training, parental education, and support for students with lower academic performance, may be beneficial in mitigating test anxiety.

Maternal Mental Health: Addressing Postpartum Depression and Anxiety in Different Socioeconomic Contexts

Maternal mental health, particularly postpartum depression (PPD) and anxiety, is a critical public health concern affecting women globally. The postpartum period presents unique challenges, as new mothers navigate hormonal changes, caregiving responsibilities, and societal pressures. The prevalence of postpartum depression and anxiety is influenced by socioeconomic factors, and women from lower socioeconomic backgrounds often face a higher risk due to limited access to mental health resources, social support, and financial instability. This review highlights recent advances in understanding postpartum mental health disorders, their prevalence across different socioeconomic contexts, and strategies for effective intervention. We explore innovative therapeutic approaches, the role of healthcare policies, and the importance of early detection to reduce the long-term effects of maternal mental health disorders on both mothers and their children.

Socioeconomic deprivation and perinatal anxiety: an observational cohort study.

Women from areas of social deprivation and minority ethnic groups are more likely to experience poor physical health and have higher rates of mental health problems relative to women from less socially disadvantaged groups. However, very little research has examined this in relation to perinatal anxiety. The current study aims to determine prevalence, risk factors and desire for treatment for perinatal anxiety in three regions of the UK with diverse regional characteristics. Women completed measures of anxiety in early, mid-, late-pregnancy and postpartum. Participants were included from three regions of the UK: Region 1 = North East England & North Cumbria n = 512; Region 2 = London North Thames n = 665; Region 3 = West Midlands n = 705. Prevalence of perinatal anxiety was lower in Region 1 (OR 0.63 95% CI 0.45 to 0.89) and Region 2 (OR 0.72 95% CI 0.52 to 0.98) relative to Region 3. Analysis showed the effect of neighbourhood socioeconomic deprivation on perinatal anxiety differed by region. In more affluent regions, living in a deprived neighbourhood had a greater impact on perinatal anxiety than living in a deprived neighbourhood in a deprived region. Other factors associated with risk of anxiety in the perinatal period included physical health problems and identifying as being from 'mixed or multiple' ethnic groups. Neighbourhood deprivation relative to regional deprivation is a better predictor of perinatal anxiety than either regional deprivation or neighbourhood deprivation alone. Women of mixed ethnic backgrounds and women with physical health problems may warrant more attention in terms of screening and support for perinatal anxiety. Self-reported desire for treatment was found to be low.

Anxiety and depression in people with epilepsy during andone year after the COVID-19 pandemic.

Compare the prevalence and severity of anxiety and depression among people with epilepsy (PWE) evaluated by telemedicine during the initial stages of the COVID-19 pandemic and follow up on their status 15 months later. We conducted a prospective, observational, and analytical study at the Epilepsy Clinic of the National Institute of Neurology and Neurosurgery (NINN) in Mexico City during the COVID-19 pandemic. HADS-A and HADS-D instruments were administered to adult patients diagnosed with epilepsy, initially through telemedicine and later through in-person visits or phone calls after one year. A sample of 115 patients was obtained, with 62.5% being women. The mean age of the patients was 33.6 years (± 12), and the mean age of epilepsy onset was 16.82 years (± 13.82). The majority of patients had focal epilepsy (78.3%), and only 42% reported being seizure-free. The results from the HADS-A scale showed that 48.69% of the patients had anxiety. On the HADS-D scale, 29.56% of the patients were found to have depression. At follow-up, the HADS-A results indicated that 50.64% of the patients had anxiety, and the HADS-D results showed that 36.36% had depression. An analysis of associations between sociodemographic or clinical variables and the presence of anxiety and/or depression in PWE revealed no statistically significant results, except for the clinical variable of patients taking anxiolytic or antidepressant medications during the assessment. These patients had lower HADS-A and HADS-D scores, with a statistically significant p-value of 0.0001. Comparing these findings with a previously published paper by our group showed a significant increase in both depression and anxiety, which were already prevalent in the earlier study. In conclusion, PWE exhibited high levels of anxiety and depression during and one year after the pandemic, despite receiving appropriate treatment. These symptoms, present before the pandemic, have been further exacerbated and continue to persist. This study examined anxiety and depression in patients with epilepsy (PWE) during the COVID-19 pandemic at the National Institute of Neurology and Neurosurgery in Mexico. Using the HADS-A and HADS-D scales, 115 patients were assessed over a year. Results showed that 48.69% had anxiety and 29.56% had depression, with both increasing to 50.64% and 36.36%, respectively, after one year. The only significant finding was that patients on anxiolytic or antidepressant medication had lower scores for anxiety and depression. The study concludes that anxiety and depression in PWE worsened during the pandemic and persisted despite treatment.

Suboptimal health among Chinese middle school students may be associated with psychological symptoms and sleep duration: a cross-sectional survey in China.

Suboptimal health status (SHS) is an intermediate status between ideal heath and illness, it is characterized by the perception of health complaints, general weakness, decreased immunity and low energy. An increasing number of Chinese middle school students are suffering from psychological symptoms (PS), particularly anxiety and depression. The relationship between SHS and PS is unclear in adolescents. This study aimed to investigate the prevalence of SHS and the correlation between SHS and PS among Chinese middle school students and to identify the SHS-related risk factors from the perspective of public health. A cross-sectional study was conducted with the cluster sampling method among 1955 middle school students in Shantou, China. SHS was assessed by Suboptimal Health Status Questionnaire-25 (SHSQ-25). And the PS of anxiety and depression were assessed with Generalized Anxiety Disorder Scale (GAD-7) and Beck Depression Inventory-II Scale (BDI-II) self-assessment questionnaires. Variate logistic analysis was applied to explore risk factors of SHS. The relationship between SHS and PS among Chinese middle school students was subsequently analyzed. Among the 1955 participants, 1904 middle school students were finally included in the analysis, the effective response rate was 97.39%. The prevalence of SHS was 10.3% (197/1904) while the prevalence of anxiety and depression was 30.7% (585/1904) and 34.1% (649/1904), respectively. A strong correlation was identified between SHS and PS among middle school students. With the aggravation of anxiety and depression, the probability of suffering from SHS increased (both P<0.01). The scores for various dimensions of SHS among the depression and anxiety groups were higher compared to those of the non-depression and non-anxiety groups (all P<0.01 ). Multivariate regression showed that compared with sleeping less than six hours, 6-8h is a protective factor for SHS (OR = 0.486, 95%CI = 0.278-0.851). Attention should be given to SHS and PS in Chinese middle school students, as they are strongly associated. Lack of sleep is a risk factor for SHS, so sufficient sleep should be recommended to prevent it. Identifying additional risk factors and promoting adequate sleep will improve adolescent health.

QOL-10. AN ASSESSMENT TOOL FOR MEASURING CAREGIVERS’ DEATH ANXIETY IN PRIMARY BRAIN TUMOR: A CONFIRMATORY FACTOR ANALYSIS

Abstract BACKGROUND Caregivers of patients with primary brain tumor describe significant emotional distress regarding their loved one’s impending trajectory and eventual mortality—a construct known as death anxiety. Our team adapted a pre-existing, validated scale for patients with advanced cancer (the Death and Dying Distress Scale; DADDS) to measure this latent variable in caregivers of patients with primary brain tumors. Our adapted scale (DADDS-CG) demonstrated preliminarily strong internal consistency and construct validity. We now seek to confirm the factor structure, internal consistency, and convergent validity of the DADDS-CG in a second sample of neuro-oncology caregivers in accordance with best practices of measure development. METHODS Caregivers of those with primary brain tumors (N=221) completed an online battery of self-report questionnaires, including the 15-item Death and Dying Distress Scale-Caregiving (DADDS-CG), the Generalized Anxiety Disorder (GAD-7), and the Patient Health Questionnaire (PHQ-9). To verify the two-factor structure of the DADDS-CG, we used confirmatory factor analysis. Cronbach’s alpha measured internal consistency, Pearson correlations assessed convergent validity, and descriptive statistics determined the prevalence of death anxiety. RESULTS Caregivers (Mage=46.2) were primarily White (85.5%) female (72.4%) spouses (75.6%). The two-factor model demonstrated adequate fit (X2/df=4.24; CFI-.89; NFI=.87; RMSEA=.06), suggesting two correlated subscales of death anxiety: Finitude and Dying (r=.80). The DADDS-CG demonstrated strong internal consistency (a=.95) and was moderately correlated with the GAD-7 (r=.73) and PHQ-9 (r=.68), suggesting adequate convergent validity. Mean scores fell within the moderate range (M=40.5, SD=18.7), with 20.8%, 36.2%, and 43.0% of caregivers reporting low, moderate, and severe death anxiety, respectively. CONCLUSION The DADDS-CG is a valid and reliable assessment tool for measuring death anxiety in caregivers of those with primary brain tumors. Given the high prevalence of death anxiety, future investigations are needed to understand caregiver’s death anxiety throughout the disease trajectory and to inform intervention development for neuro-oncology caregivers.

Prevalence of anxiety and depression and the influence of correlates in acute coronary syndrome patients: a cross-sectional analysis

Abstract Background Acute coronary syndrome (ACS) patients are vulnerable to anxiety and depression. This study aimed to assess the mental health burden among Egyptian ACS patients by assessing the prevalence and associates of these conditions. This study enrolled 212 patients who underwent coronary angiogram. Anxiety and depression were assessed using the Hospital Anxiety and Depression Scale (HADS). Demographic, psychosocial, and clinical data were collected. Univariate and multivariate logistic regression analyses identified factors associated with anxiety and depression. Results The mean age of the participants was 54.1 years, and 80.7% were males. More than half (58.1%) exhibited anxiety, depression, or both, with depression being more prevalent than anxiety (48.1% vs 38.2%). Past major depressive disorder was strongly correlated with both anxiety and depression. Higher anxiety scores increased the odds of depression (OR = 1.234, p &lt; 0.001), and vice versa (OR = 1.55, p &lt; 0.001). Hypertension and the use of antihypertensive medications were associated with increased depression. Significant associates of anxiety included increased heart rate, past use of furosemide and enoxaparin, and current polypharmacy. Conclusions A substantial proportion of ACS patients experience comorbid anxiety and depression. Polypharmacy, past depression, and hypertension are key risk factors. Targeted interventions addressing these factors are essential for improving mental health in this vulnerable population.

Impact of Dental Anxiety on the Dental Health Status of Nepali Adult Patients.

Patients with high dental anxiety are found to visit dental offices less frequently and have a higher number of severely diseased teeth so they are at a greater need for intensive oral care and rehabilitation. The aim of this study was to assess the prevalence of dental anxiety and its impact on the dental status of Nepali adult patients. A semi-structured questionnaire of the Modified Dental Anxiety Scale (MDAS) in the Nepali version was used for data collection. The data analysis was done using Statistical Package for Social Sciences (SPSS IBM, Chicago, IL, USA, version 24). Variables were calculated as frequency and percentage, while the comparisons of different factors were done using the ANOVA and t-test. A difference with p < 0.05 was considered statistically significant. The study population consisted of 446 subjects, among them 205 were male (45.96%), 241 were female (54.04%), 357 (80.04%) were married, and 222 (49.78%) were employed. The mean age of the patients was 41.24 years (ranging between 18 and 79 years). Only 41 subjects (9.19%) showed high dental anxiety (MDAS ≥ 19). The mean MDAS for the total study population was 10.81. The highest mean MDAS was seen in the age group 30-39 (11.78) and the lowest mean MDAS was seen in the age group 40-49 (9.64). While comparing dental anxiety among genders, dental anxiety was higher in females (mean MDAS = 11.78) compared to males (mean MDAS = 9.67). Patients having high dental anxiety had a significantly higher number of decayed teeth (p-value = 0.001, t-test). Oral health and dental status both are negatively affected by dental anxiety. It interferes with dental attendance, service delivery, prevention of dental diseases, and early diagnosis. Thus, dental practitioners have a major role to play in the management of dental anxiety.

Experiences and psychological issues affecting parents of children born with atypical genitalia in India.

Parents of children with differences of sex development (DSD) are known to suffer from psychological distress at the time of diagnosis and thereafter. We analyzed the prevalence of anxiety and depression in Indian parents of children with DSD and its associated risk factors, as well as their experiences, perceptions and expectations from the healthcare system. This cross-sectional study included parents of children aged ≤6 years with atypical genitalia. Data was collected through face-to-face semi-structured interview using specially designed questionnaire. Depression and anxiety have been assessed using PHQ9 (Patient health questionnaire) and GAD-7 (Generalized anxiety disorder scale), respectively. The current mean age of the 43 children (46,XY=26, 46,XX=16 and chromosomal DSD=1) was 36.5±21.4months with a median age of diagnosis of 5months (range- 0-60months). 68 parents (35 mothers and 33 fathers) were interviewed. The score was above the cut-off for clinically significant depression in 27.2 and 25.7 % of the fathers and mothers, respectively; and for clinically significant anxiety in 15.1 and 28.6 % of the fathers and mothers, respectively. The most significant factor associated with psychological distress was rearing a boy with lower EMS in fathers and lower literacy levels (with higher perception of stigma) in mothers. Absence of family support was associated with high levels of distress in both parents. There is a high level of depression and anxiety amongst Indian parents of children born with atypical genitalia and requirement for psychological support and counseling.

Prevalence of Mental Morbidities in a Tertiary Care Leprosarium in North India: A Cross-Sectional Study

Background: Leprosy is a chronic infectious disease causing substantial physical and mental morbidity. Every year around 200,000 new cases are reported globally. (WHO) Despite continuous efforts to eradicate leprosy, prevalence of the disease is still a concern especially in India. The treatment of leprosy has always focused on elimination of bacteria, correction of physical deformities and preventive aspects with little emphasis on its psychiatric implications. Therefore, it is imperative to understand the link between the disease and mental health of the patient. This study aims to estimate the prevalence of psychiatric morbidities among leprosy patients admitted in a tertiary care center in north India. Methods: Data was collected from patients admitted in a tertiary care leprosy center in North Delhi by using a well-structured questionnaire DASS-21 which included total of 21 questions, 7 questions each pertaining to depression, anxiety and stress. Findings were analyzed using SPSS version 20.0. Frequencies and percentages were used and the association between the variables was tested using the chi-square test. Results: Findings suggested that there is causal relationship between leprosy disease and mental health. Prevalence of depression, anxiety and stress was 28%, 56% and 44% respectively which significant. Of note, the prevalence was higher in adults aged between 25-35 years as compared to adults aged 35-45 years. Patients with physical deformities were found to higher prevalence of mental health issues such as depression (18%), anxiety (28%), Stress (24%). Conclusion: This study found that there was a significantly high prevalence of depression, anxiety, and stress among individuals affected by leprosy especially among those with physical deformities. Hence, appropriate psychological counselling must be considered as an essential part of therapeutic intervention for leprosy patients.

Predictors of anxiety among women of reproductive age in Nepal: a comprehensive nationwide analysis.

Anxiety poses a significant challenge for women of reproductive age globally, often leading to other mental health issues. However, research on anxiety prevalence among this demographic, particularly in Nepal, remains scarce. This study aims to fill this gap by identifying demographic, biological, and behavioral predictors of anxiety among reproductive-aged women in Nepal. Using data from the nationally representative Nepal Demographic and Health Survey 2022, this study employed the Generalized Anxiety Disorder (GAD-7) scale to assess anxiety prevalence. Descriptive and inferential statistics, including one-way ANOVA and stepwise multiple regression, were utilized for identifying the potential predictors of anxiety. This study found that 22.2% of reproductive-aged women in Nepal experience moderate to severe anxiety. The stepwise multiple regression revealed seven most influential factors, with depression (mild, moderate, severe) being the most influential predictor of anxiety, explaining 51.8% of the variance (R square change = 0.518; Sig. =<0.001). Self-reported health status (R square change = 0.010; Sig.=<0.001), experienced emotional violence (R square change = 0.007; Sig.=<0.001), and pregnancy termination (R square change = 0.002; Sig.=0.001) accounted for 1.0%, 0.7%, and 0.2% of the variance in anxiety, respectively. Other significant predictors of anxiety included husband's alcohol consumption, genital discharge, and household wealth status. Anxiety is substantially prevalent among reproductive-aged women in Nepal, with sociodemographic factors playing a crucial role. Further research is needed to develop targeted socioeconomic, and behavioral interventions aimed at addressing anxiety and its broader impact on daily life, thereby ensuring the mental well-being of women of reproductive age.

Morning Salivary Cortisol Has a Positive Correlation with GAD-7 Scores in Patients with Ulcerative Colitis

Objectives: Inflammatory bowel diseases (IBDs) are chronic inflammatory conditions of the gastrointestinal tract, comprising ulcerative colitis (UC) and Crohn’s disease (CD). Earlier onset of IBD symptoms has been linked to a higher prevalence of depression and anxiety. Evidence supports that cortisol abnormalities correlate with the development and severity of autoimmune diseases. The primary aim of this study was to investigate the correlation of morning salivary cortisol levels with self-reported mood (depression and anxiety) and quality of life in patients with IBD. Methods: This was a prospective, single-center study including outpatients with IBD. Enrolled patients provided a one-time morning salivary cortisol sample and electronically completed a one-time survey encompassing self-reported quality of life (Short Inflammatory Bowel Disease Questionnaire (SIBDQ)) and mood (Patient Health Questionnaire 8 (PHQ-8), General Anxiety Disorder-7 (GAD-7)). Results: A total of 36 patients (UC, n = 21) were included in the study. There was no correlation between morning salivary cortisol and depressive symptoms (PHQ-8: r = 0.007, p = 0.968) or quality of life (SIBDQ: r = −0.095, p = 0.606). However, there was a trend towards a positive correlation between self-reported anxiety symptoms by GAD-7 and salivary cortisol (r = 0.347, p = 0.052). A subgroup analysis showed a positive correlation between morning salivary cortisol and GAD-7 scores in patients with UC (r = 0.535, p = 0.015), but not in patients with CD (r = 0.064, p = 0.843). Conclusions: This pilot study is the first to associate cortisol with anxiety symptom severity in UC. Further research is needed to investigate the link between salivary cortisol, neuropsychiatric disease, and IBD outcomes.

The prevalence of early maladaptive schemas, anxiety, and coping strategies in adolescent girls who are survivors of sexual abuse: a case report

ABSTRACT Sexual abuse of adolescent girls often leads to maladaptive behavioural patterns, variable anxiety responses, and dysfunctional coping mechanisms. This case report aims to investigate the prevalence of early maladaptive schemas (EMSs), anxiety, and coping strategies among five adolescent girls who are survivors of sexual abuse. The participants had a mean age of 16.6 years (±1.14 years) and were residing at the Ibtissama Social Complex Support Association (ISCSA) in Meknes, Morocco. Data were collected using a suite of standardised Likert-scale instruments. The State and Trait Anxiety Inventory (STAI), Young Schema Questionnaire-Short Form (YSQ-SF), and Ways of Coping Checklist (WCC) were used. Findings reveal pervasive EMS activation and high anxiety levels among all participants, with emotion-focused coping as the predominant mechanism. These results emphasise the critical roles of EMS, anxiety, and coping strategies following sexual abuse, highlighting the need for effective, scalable therapeutic interventions for this vulnerable demographic.

COMPARATIVE STUDY OF PREVALENCE OF DEPRESSION, ANXIETY, AND STRESS AMONG UNDERGRADUATE MEDICAL STUDENTS IN LONGITUDINAL CURRICULUM OF MEDICAL COLLEGE

Objective: Medical education is long and stressful due to academic demands, frequent examinations, excessive workload, chronic exposure to human suffering and death and vast extensive syllabus, and increased psychological pressure due to multiple reasons, all of which can cause burnout, leading to mental disorders such as depression and anxiety. The aim of the study is to estimate the prevalence of depression, anxiety, and stress among undergraduate medical students of Rama Medical College, Kanpur, and its correlation with year of medical education. Methods: A cross-sectional study was conducted by providing self-administered questionnaire containing sociodemographic datasheet and depression, anxiety, and stress scale (DASS 42). Descriptive statistics were used to analyze participants’ sociodemographic characteristics and the prevalence of academic burnout using SPSS. The association of academic burnout with academic year was determined using the Pearson correlation coefficient. The data were also analyzed using analysis of variance. Results: Using DASS 42, it was found that 11.8%, 16.8%, and 19% experienced mild, moderate, and severe depression, respectively. 32.5% had mild and 16.6% had moderate anxiety. 17.9%, 22.1%, 9.0%, and 2.0% of students experienced mild, moderate, severe, and extremely severe stress, respectively. The percentages of students experiencing depression, anxiety, and stress increased as the academic year progressed. Conclusion: High prevalence of depression, anxiety, and stress was found among undergraduate medical students. One out of every three students is found to be depressed and about half of the students were reported experiencing anxiety and stress. A clear progression of depression, anxiety, stress, and burnout was observed as the academic year progressed.

Comparing the psychological impact of the Shanghai lockdown on local and non-local college students: an explanatory sequential mixed method approach.

In 2022, the Shanghai municipal government enforced strict COVID-19 lockdown measures. Lockdown experiences for college students varied. Local students normally returned home and had familial support while non-local students relied more on institutional support when quarantining in dormitories. The difference could profoundly impact their access to necessary material resources and emotional support, affecting their mental health. This study compared the psychological effects of the Shanghai Lockdown on local and non-local college students using an explanatory-sequential mixed methods design. Quantitative analyses of data from 327 college students examined local and non-local students' mental health outcomes during the lockdown. Follow-up qualitative interviews (N = 12) contextualized their sources of stress and group differences. Higher prevalences of probable anxiety (34.6%), depression (45.1%), and poor subjective mental well-being (65.4%) are found among non-local students compared to local students (23.7% anxiety, 29.4% depressive symptoms, and 47.9% poor well-being). Suicidal ideation was higher among local students (8.6% prevalence difference). Being a non-local college student was associated with increased odds of probable anxiety, depression, and poor well-being. Interviews identified group differences such that non-local students received more school support (i.e., food and financial) and perceived emotional support but faced poorer quarantine living environments compared to local peers. Non-local college students were more vulnerable to the impact of lockdown. Our findings also provide insights into the impact of familial versus institutional support on student mental health during times of crisis.

Differentiating anxiety profiles in medical students: a latent profile analysis

ABSTRACT Previous studies have confirmed a high prevalence of anxiety among medical students. The present study aimed to identify distinct medical student anxiety profiles to develop targeted interventions. A cross-sectional study was conducted with 735 medical students (346 males and 389 females) recruited voluntarily from mainland China. Latent profile analysis (LPA) was applied to explore profiles of various types of anxiety, including test anxiety, academic anxiety, social anxiety, career choice anxiety, general anxiety, and trait anxiety. The results showed that LPA yielded four profiles, comprising 17.14, 20.82, 21.50, and 40.54% of the sample respectively. Specifically, Class 1 (17.14%) showed the highest levels of multiple types of anxiety, particularly the highest level of general anxiety. Class 2 (20.82%) and Class 3 (21.50%) showed moderate levels of anxiety, but they displayed different patterns across various types of anxiety except for social anxiety. Class 4 (40.54%) displayed the lowest levels of anxiety across all types. These profiles differed in academic status and depression. Further, the multinomial logistic regression analysis showed that the high-anxiety group (Class 1) was more likely to be elder students, with lower sports frequency and a higher degree of self-handicapping. These results call for the need to move beyond linear relations among global constructs to address the complexity of anxiety coping and highlight the importance of customized intervention for these heterogeneous groups.

Prevalence of anxiety and depression disorders in patients with inflammatory bowel disease in a city in southern Brazil

Inflammatory bowel disease is a chronic disease with symptoms and possible complications that can bring disability to the patient and trigger impairment in mental health such as depression and anxiety disorder. Objective: To evaluate the prevalence of Anxiety and Depression Disorder in patients with IBD in the Inflammatory Bowel Disease outpatient clinic of UFPEL. Methodology: Applied socio-economic questionnaire, M.I.N.I. instrument and collection of data from the medical record during the medical consultation. In patients attending the FAMED-UFPEL outpatient clinic with a diagnosis of Inflammatory bowel disease and over 16 years of age in the period from 06/01/2021 to 02/28/2022. Results: During the exposed period, 59 patients diagnosed with IBD were evaluated, being 37 (62.7%) with Crohn's Disease and 22 (37.3%) with Ulcerative Colitis, the average age was 46 years. In the current study, disease activity was evaluated using the Mayo Score for patients with ulcerative colitis with a result with no statistical significance for depression (p:0,494) and anxiety disorder (p:0,484). The Harvey Bradshaw Score was used in patients with Crohn's Disease that also has no statistical relevance for depression (p:0.969) and anxiety disorder (p:0.380). In the present study, 29.4% of patients had Ulcerative Colitis and recurrent depressive episode and 54.2% of patients had generalized anxiety disorder. Conclusion: there is a high prevalence of mood disorders in the population studied, it is emphasized the need for the active search of these diagnoses in this population, offering adequate treatment of the pathologies found with a view to better quality of life.

Prevalence of Depression and Anxiety Among Stroke Survivors in Rural India: A Neuro - Physiotherapy Perspective

Prevalence of Depression and Anxiety Among Stroke Survivors in Rural India: A Neuro - Physiotherapy Perspective

COVID 19 and the Mental Health of College Students

Background:The coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) outbreak significantly impacted those across the United States. The COVID-19 pandemic has caused a mental health strain particularly among college students.Objective:This article examines the mental health of college students and the challenges they experience surrounding COVID-19.Methods:This literature reviews the on-campus infrastructure, resources, and support during the pandemic.Findings:The common theme in the findings throughout the literature is the increase and prevalence in stress, anxiety, and depression among college students with worsening results for students of color.Conclusion:The implications to practice, policy, and research are discussed to set future direction. Recommendations are provided to support the mental health of college students during future pandemics. Colleges and universities need to look to the schools of social work and social work educators for leadership and guidance in improving future outcomes.