Prevalence Of Anxiety Disorders Research Articles

Psychological outcomes in patients with rare cancers: a systematic review and meta-analysis

Rare cancers are those that exhibit an incidence of less than six per 100,000 in a year. On average, the five-year relative survival for patients with rare cancers is worse than those with common cancers. The traumatic experience of cancer can be further intensified in patients with rare cancers due to the limited clinical evidence and the lack of empirical evidence for informed decision-making. With rare cancers cumulatively accounting for up to 25% of all cancers, coupled with the rising burden of rare cancers on societies globally, it is necessary to determine the psychological outcomes of patients with rare cancers. This PRISMA-adherent systematic review (PROSPERO: CRD42023475748) involved a systematic search of PubMed, Embase, Cochrane and PsycINFO for all peer-reviewed English language studies published since 2000 to 30th January 2024 that evaluated the prevalence, incidence and risk of depression, anxiety, suicide, and post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD) in patients with rare cancers. Two independent reviewers appraised and extracted the summary data from published studies. Random effects meta-analyses and meta-regression were used for primary analysis. We included 32 studies with 57,470 patients with rare cancers. Meta-analyses indicated a statistically significant increased risk-ratio (RR) of depression (RR=2.61, 95% CI: 1.43-4.77, I2=97%) and anxiety (RR=2.66, 95% CI: 1.27-5.55, I2=92%) in patients with rare cancers compared to healthy controls. We identified a high suicide incidence (315 per 100,000 person-years, 95% CI: 162-609, I2=95%), prevalence of depression (17%, 95% CI: 14-22, I2=88%), anxiety (20%, 95% CI: 15-25, I2=96%) and PTSD (18%, 95% CI: 9-32, I2=25%). When compared to patients with common cancer types, suicide incidence, and PTSD prevalence were significantly higher in patients with rare cancers. Systematic review found that having advanced disease, chemotherapy treatment, lower income, and social status were risk factors for negative psychological outcomes. We highlight the need for early identification of psychological maladjustment in patients with rare cancers. Additionally, studies to identify effective interventions are imperative. This study was supported by the National Medical Research Council Transition Award, SingHealth Duke-NUS Oncology Academic Clinical Programme, the Khoo Pilot Collaborative Award, the National Medical Research Council Clinician Scientist-Individual Research Grant-New Investigator Grant, the Terry Fox Grant and the Khoo Bridge Funding Award.

Anxiety in the emergency medical practice – its psychiatric and somatic origin, comorbidities, behavior and treatment

Anxiety conditions and disorders are common in the general population, and patients suffering from them often seek the services of emergency departments. Anxiety is a psychopathological symptom that accompanies not only psychiatric conditions, but a wide range of somatic diseases, and a combination of both. The biochemical and pathophysiological mechanisms of psychosomatic interrelationship and comorbidity are complex and multi-layered. Thus, diagnosing the root cause of anxiety is a clinical challenge. Early, and on time, recognition of an anxiety disorder helps to avoid unnecessary investigations, ensures correct treatment and saves hospital resources. Careful use of medications, psychoeducation and referral to a specialist improves patient outcome with this potentially debilitating disease. In this article, the authors aim to present in a synthesized form the main epidemiological data on the prevalence of anxiety symptoms and disorders, anatomical localization and biochemical mechanisms and relationships in the pathogenesis of anxiety symptoms, as well as to derive the main guidelines for recognizing and differentiating clinicopathological constellations in somatic conditions in emergency medical practice. Materials and methods. Existing published studies from an international database, related to the subject of the article, have been thoroughly studied. Results. Anxiety symptoms, in particular panic attacks and disorders, are widespread in primary care and occupy a significant part of the work process, especially at times of peak loads, natural disasters and situations of mass traumatism. Conclusions. Timely training and good preparation for recognition and adequate assessment of anxiety conditions in primary and emergency medical care significantly shorten the therapeutic route of patients. They receive competent help on time, and the cost of their treatment is significantly reduced. Discussion. Modern medical science, including psychiatric, offers advanced drug and non-drug methods for the treatment and prevention of anxiety conditions and disorders.

Assessment of anxiety in children during the COVID‐19 pandemic

AbstractObjectiveThis study assessed anxiety levels in children during the COVID‐19 pandemic and explored how factors related to COVID‐19 may have affected the prevalence of anxiety disorders among the pediatric population.MethodsChildhood anxiety symptoms were assessed at various pediatric practices in Central New Jersey between July 2021 and September 2022. The sample comprised 476 children and adolescents aged 8–17 who participated in the Screen for Child Anxiety Related Disorders (SCARED) questionnaire, administered at their annual well‐child visits. Participants included both the child and the caregiver. The anxiety prevalence was compared with prepandemic standards published by the Centers for Disease Control (CDC).ResultsThe prevalence of anxiety for children aged 8–17 years (28.3%) was greater than prepandemic levels (7.1%; p < 0.0001). Among children aged 8–11, anxiety increased from 6.6% to 38.1% (p < 0.0001), while for children aged 11–17, anxiety increased from 10.5% to 22.2% (p < 0.0001). Previously diagnosed anxiety was a strong predictor of a high anxiety score on the questionnaire (mean = 28.95) compared with children without a history of anxiety (mean = 17.65; p < 0.001). Furthermore, a disparity was identified in the responses between the child and the caregiver questionnaires (p < 0.0001).ConclusionThis study shows that children's anxiety levels increased during the COVID‐19 pandemic. Moreover, an inconsistency was found between children self‐reporting anxiety and caregivers underreporting their child's anxiety. These findings underscore the need for targeted support for those affected, especially children with a history of anxiety.

Effect of religion on the course of anxiety disorders and symptoms over 9-years follow-up

BackgroundReligion can be an important aspect in life for people and may therefore be important to consider in anxiety disorders. However, there has been limited research into the longitudinal relationship between religiousness and the prevalence of anxiety disorders or anxiety severity and no such research up to date looking at specific anxiety disorders. MethodsWe made use of data from the Netherlands Study of Depression and Anxiety (NESDA), a large clinical cohort study, including 2981 participants at baseline. Based on religious affiliation, commitment to affiliation and religious attendance at baseline as demographic variables, three groups (non-affiliated; affiliated, low commitment/attendance; affiliated, higher commitment/attendance) were compared regarding the prevalence of specific anxiety disorders and anxiety severity at baseline and at two, four, six, and nine years follow-up. For the analyses, we used graphs and Linear Mixed Models. ResultsOverall, no differences were found for the prevalence of specific anxiety disorders and of comorbidity between anxiety disorders or comorbidity with depressive disorders. Furthermore, results showed no differences between the groups regarding the anxiety severity over time. LimitationsThe main limitations relate to the operationalization of religiousness based on demographic variables at baseline. ConclusionsOn a population level, being religiously affiliated with more or less commitment/attendance does not seem to protect against specific anxiety disorders or more anxiety symptoms, nor is it a risk factor. Further research should focus on more internal religious aspects, and more specifically on anxiety in specific groups of religious people or people with specific religion related anxiety.

Qatar's National Mental Health Study-The World Mental Health Qatar.

We provide an overview of Qatar's first epidemiological study on prevalence, predictors, and treatment contact for mood and anxiety disorders. We highlight the importance of the three-pronged study, its aims, and its key components. The first component comprised a probability-based representative survey of Qatari and non-Qatari (Arab) adult males and females recruited from the general population and interviewed using the International Diagnostic Interview (CIDI version 3.3). The second component, a clinical reappraisal study, assessed concordance between diagnoses based on the CIDI and independent clinical assessments conducted by trained clinical interviewers. The third component comprised a resting-state functional magnetic resonance imaging study of healthy survey respondents who were matched to patients with psychosis. 5000 survey interviews provided data on prevalence and treatment of common mental disorders. Clinical re-interviews (N=485) provided important diagnostic validity data. Finally, state-of-the art structural and functional brain markers for psychosis were also collected (N=100). Descriptive epidemiological data were collected to inform future mental health priorities in Qatar and situates these within a global context. The study fills important gaps in regional and global estimates and establish necessary baseline to develop comprehensive risk estimates for mental health in Qatar's young population.

Lifetime prevalence, risk, and treatment of mood and anxiety disorders in Qatar's national mental health study.

To estimate lifetime prevalence, risk, and treatment for mental disorders and their correlates in Qatar's general population for the first time. We conducted a national phone survey of 5,195 Qatari and Arab residents in Qatar (2019-2022) using the Composite International Diagnostic Interview Version 3.3 and estimated lifetime mood and anxiety defined diagnoses. Survival-based discrete time models, lifetime morbid risk, and treatment projections were estimated. Lifetime prevalence of any disorder was 28.0% and was associated with younger cohorts, females, and migrants, but lower formal education. Treatment contact in the year of disorder onset were 13.5%. The median delay in receiving treatment was 5years (IQR=2-13). Lifetime treatment among those with a lifetime disorder were 59.9% for non-healthcare and 63.5% for healthcare; it was 68.1% for any anxiety and 80.1% for any mood disorder after 50years of onset.Younger cohorts and later age of onset were significantly predictors of treatment. Lifetime prevalence of mental disorders in Qatar is comparable to other countries. Treatment is significantly delayed and delivered largely in non-healthcare sectors thus the need for increased literacy of mental illness to reduce stigma and improve earlier help-seeking in healthcare settings.

Twelve-month prevalence, persistence, severity, and treatment of mood and anxiety disorders in Qatar's national mental health study.

To estimate 12-month prevalence, persistence, severity, and treatment of mental disorders and socio-demographic correlates in Qatar. We conducted the first national population-based telephone survey of Arab adults between 2019 and 2022 using the Composite International Diagnostic Interview and estimated 12-month DSM-5 mood and anxiety disorders and their persistence (the proportion of lifetime cases who continue to meet 12-month criteria). The 12-month prevalence of any disorder was 21.1% (10.4% mild, 38.7% moderate, and 50.9% severe) and was associated with: younger age, female, previously married, and with persistence of any disorder. Persistence was 74.7% (64.0% mood and 75.6% anxiety) and was significantly associated with secondary education or lower. Minimally adequate treatment received among those with any 12-month mental disorder was 10.6% (74.6% in healthcare and 64.6% non-healthcare sectors). Severity and the number of disorders significantly associated with each other and with treatment received (χ2=7.24, p=0.027) including adequate treatment within the mental health specialty sector (χ2=21.42, p<0.001). Multimorbidity and sociodemographics were associated with 12-month mental disorder. Treatment adequacy in Qatar are comparable to high-income countries. Low treatment contact indicate need for population-wide mental health literacy programes in addition to more accessible and effective mental health services.

Neurodevelopment in patients with repaired tetralogy of Fallot.

Neurodevelopmental sequelae are prevalent and debilitating for patients with congenital heart defects. Patients born with tetralogy of Fallot (TOF) are susceptible for abnormal neurodevelopment as they have several risk factors surrounding the perinatal and perioperative period. Some risk factors have been well described in other forms of congenital heart defects, including transposition of the great arteries and single ventricle heart disease, but they have been less studied in the growing population of survivors of TOF surgery, particularly in infancy and childhood. Adolescents with TOF, even without a genetic syndrome, exhibit neuro-cognitive deficits in executive function, visual-spatial skills, memory, attention, academic achievement, social cognition, and problem-solving, to mention a few. They also have greater prevalence of anxiety disorder, disruptive behavior and attention-deficit hyperactivity disorder. These deficits impact their academic performance, social adjustment, and quality of life, thus resulting in significant stress for patients and their families. Further, they can impact their social adjustment, employment and career development as an adult. Infants and younger children can also have significant deficits in gross and fine motor skills, cognitive deficits and abnormal receptive language. Many of the risk factors associated with abnormal neurodevelopment in these patients are not readily modifiable. Therefore, patients should be referred for evaluation and early intervention to help maximize their neurodevelopment and improve overall outcomes. More study is needed to identify potentially modifiable risk factors and/or mediators of neurodevelopment, such as environmental and socio-economic factors.

Prevalence of anxiety, depression, and post-traumatic stress disorder among Omani children and adolescents diagnosed with cancer: a prospective cross-sectional study

BackgroundChildren and adolescents diagnosed with cancer often experience psychological distress, encompassing anxiety, depression, and post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD). This study aimed to evaluate the prevalence of these conditions among Omani children and adolescents diagnosed with cancer, alongside identifying contributing factors.MethodsA prospective cross-sectional study was conducted from October 2021 to June 2023 among a cohort of Omani children and adolescents (6–18 years old) diagnosed with cancer at three primary cancer referral centres in Oman. Validated Arabic-language versions of the Screen for Child Anxiety Related Disorders, the Center for Epidemiologic Studies Depression Scale for Children, and the Impact of Event Scale-Revised instruments were used to assess symptoms of anxiety, depression, and PTSD, respectively. An initial assessment (T1) was undertaken within the first 3 months of diagnosis, followed by a second assessment (T2) 3–6 months later.ResultsOf 113 eligible participants, 101 agreed to participate in the study (response rate: 95.6%), with 92 (91.0%) completing both assessments and included in the final analysis. Prevalence rates of anxiety, depression, and PTSD decreased from 43.5%, 56.5%, and 32.6%, respectively, at T1, to 38.0%, 35.9%, and 23.9% at T2. All average scores were below diagnostic cut-off points, except for the depression score at T1. Anxiety and depression scores decreased significantly (p = 0.043 and 0.001, respectively) between T1 and T2, as did the overall prevalence of depression (p = 0.004). At T1, linear regression analysis showed significant correlations between anxiety scores and the child’s age and PTSD score (p < 0.05); these variables were also correlated with depression scores (p ≤ 0.001). At T2, significant correlations were observed between anxiety scores and the child’s age and PTSD scores (p < 0.001). At both T1 and T2, anxiety, depression, and PTSD scores remained significantly correlated (p < 0.001).ConclusionsOmani children and adolescents recently diagnosed with cancer exhibit a high prevalence of anxiety, depression, and PTSD over time. Age-appropriate communication, ongoing support, and mental health services are recommended to help this patient group cope with their diagnosis and manage their emotional wellbeing. There is a need for future research to determine the effectiveness of specific psychological interventions in reducing the frequency of these disorders.

Aerobic exercise during adolescence and anxiety disorders in adulthood: A cohort study using Add Health.

The prevalence of anxiety disorders, and mental chronic diseases, has increased over the last decade among adolescents. Since aerobic exercise reduces the risk of chronic diseases and stress symptoms, we aimed to examine the association between aerobic exercise in adolescence and anxiety disorders in adulthood. Self-reported, publicly available data from 5,114 adolescents who participated in Waves I and IV of the National Longitudinal Study of Adolescent Health (Add Health) was analyzed from 1994-2009. We included US-based individuals aged 16 years on average and observed them for 15 years. Weighted Poisson regression models estimated the association between aerobic exercise in Wave I (1994, baseline) and anxiety disorders in Wave IV (2009, adulthood), adjusting for sociodemographic characteristics and substance use at baseline. Overall, 639/5,114 (weighted 12.96%) individuals experienced anxiety disorders at baseline. Age and sex differed significantly across all exercise groups (p's<0.001). Aerobic exercise did not significantly protect against anxiety disorders in adulthood: compared to adolescents who did not exercise at all, those who exercised 1-2 times/week had 0.85 times the prevalence of anxiety disorders during adulthood (95% CI = 0.65, 1.12; p = 0.25). Those who exercised 3-4 times/week had 0.81 times the prevalence (95% CI = 0.61, 1.08, p = 0.15) and those who exercised 5+ times/week had 0.84 times the prevalence (95% CI = 0.63, 1.13, p = 0.25) than those who did not exercise at all. Aerobic Exercise in adolescence did not protect against anxiety disorders in adulthood. More evidence is needed on this association, including using homogeneous measures of exercise and repeated measures methods.

Depression, anxiety, hopelessness, and suicide in first-degree relatives of patients hospitalised in intensive care units in Türkiye.

The purpose of this study was to investigate the prevalence of depression, anxiety disorder, hopelessness, and suicide among first-degree relatives of patients hospitalised in medical and anaesthesia intensive care units at an academic medical centre. In this case-control study conducted in Türkiye, 32 first-degree relatives of 32 patients hospitalised for 14days or more in intensive care units and 32 healthy volunteers were included for assessment. The Beck Depression Scale (BDS), Beck Anxiety Scale (BAS), Beck Hopelessness Scale (BHS), and Suicide Probability Scale (SPS) were administered to participants. Results: The mean age of patients' relatives was 42.1 ± 11.6years and that of the controls was 43.0 ± 11.3years. The median scores for the BDS, BHS, and SPS were significantly higher among the relatives of the patients than among controls (P = .008, P = .013, and P = .001, respectively). Based on cutoff scores for the BDS and BAS, depression was observed in 56.3% of the relatives of the patients and anxiety disorder was observed in 46.9%. In the group comprising patients' relatives, the median score for the BDS was significantly higher among female participants than among male participants (P = .038). First-degree relatives of patients hospitalised in intensive care units have a higher prevalence of depression, hopelessness, and suicidality. Female relatives are more depressed than male. Ensuring psychiatric evaluation of the relatives of patients hospitalised in intensive care units in Türkiye is important.

Emotion Regulation as a Mechanism of Mindfulness in Individual Cognitive-Behavioral Therapy for Depression and Anxiety Disorders

Background. The global prevalence of depression and anxiety disorders underscores the need for a more profound comprehension of effective treatments. Mindfulness has shown promise in enhancing treatment outcomes and preventing relapse in these conditions, but the underlying mechanisms remain poorly understood. Methods. This study examined the role of emotion regulation as a mediator in the relationship between changes in mindfulness and the reduction of depression and anxiety symptoms during individual cognitive-behavioral therapy (CBT). We tracked longitudinal changes in mindfulness, emotion regulation, depression, and anxiety at baseline (pre), early treatment (session 5), midtreatment (session 15), and posttreatment (session 25) in 162 patients with depression and anxiety disorders. Further, we examined whether the effects of mindfulness on emotion regulation could be enhanced by introducing a brief mindfulness intervention at the beginning of each CBT session, as compared to progressive muscle relaxation and individual psychotherapy without any standardized session-introducing interventions. Results. Multilevel structural equation modeling indicated that decreases in rumination and increases in reappraisal and acceptance mediated the relationship between mindfulness and reductions in depressive symptoms. In contrast, reductions in avoidance explained the association between mindfulness and changes in anxiety symptoms. These links remained unchanged when adding a mindfulness intervention into individual CBT. Conclusion. Results support emotion regulatory properties of mindfulness and highlight distinct pathways of symptom reduction in depression and anxiety. These findings have important implications for understanding the mechanisms of mindfulness and tailoring treatment to individual patient needs. This trial is registered with NTC02270073.

IJCM_337A: Prevalence Of Social Anxiety Disorder Among Adolescents In Ernakulam District, Kerala

Background: Social anxiety disorder (SAD), a prevalent form of anxiety disorder is a chronic, disabling and treatable one with common onset in adolescence. Individuals experiencing SAD exhibit symptoms of anxiety or fear in circumstances where they could face scrutiny, evaluation, or judgment from others. Objective: The primary objective of the study was to determine the prevalence of SAD among adolescents in Ernakulam district, Kerala. The secondary objectives were to compare the prevalence of SAD among urban and rural adolescents and to determine the factors associated with SAD among adolescents in Ernakulam district, Kerala. Methodology: School based cross-sectional study was done among 474 students from schools of Ernakulam district, Kerala. Students were enrolled using multi-stage sampling method. A semi structured questionnaire consisting of sociodemographic details and Social Phobia Inventory (SPIN) was administered to the participants by face-to-face interview after attaining the necessary assent and consent. Results: The overall prevalence of SAD among the study participants was 19.6% with the prevalence of SAD among the urban and rural students being 17.6% and 22.9% respectively. Having to give speeches was the most common phobia in majority (40.9%) of participants. Female sex [aOR=2.02(1.26-3.21); p=0.003] was found to be a determinant of SAD in the study population. Age, type of family, number of family members, place of residency were not statistically associated with SAD in this study Conclusion: The current study showed that 1/5th of the study population had social anxiety disorder. With appropriate intervention through health education and psychotherapy, its progression can be effectively impeded.

Perinatal Mental Health: Father Inclusion At The Local, State, And National Levels.

Fathers occupy a dual role in the realm of perinatal mental health: partner and parent. In fathers' role as partners, their support for mothers during pregnancy and postpartum is associated with improved maternal mental health. In their role as parents, fathers themselves are vulnerable to perinatal mood and anxiety disorder. This article aims to advance awareness of paternal perinatal mental health issues and impacts on families. We first review the evidence on paternal perinatal mental health. This evidence includes the critical role played by fathers in maternal perinatal mental health, the prevalence of paternal perinatal mood and anxiety disorder, the impact of paternal mental health on child and family well-being, and screening and treatment approaches. Next, we offer recommendations for more inclusive approaches at the local, state, and national levels aimed at improving parental mental health and health outcomes for fathers, mothers, and babies.

The associations among sleep-related difficulties, anxiety, and error-related brain activity in youth

Given the high prevalence of anxiety disorders and their associated impairment, elucidating neural mechanisms related to these disorders has been increasingly prioritized. The error-related negativity (ERN) has been identified as a neural marker that indexes risk for anxiety across development. The ERN seems to confer risk for developing anxiety, especially in the context of stressful life events. The present study sought to examine sleep-related difficulties as another stressful factor that might impact the ERN. In a sample of 221 girls, aged 8 to 15 years old, we first examined the relationship between longer-term (i.e., over the past month) and shorter-term (i.e., over the past week) sleep difficulties and the ERN. We then investigated whether specific sleep difficulties uniquely predict the ERN. In exploratory analyses, we assessed whether sleep difficulties moderate the relationship between the ERN and anxiety. Results indicated that youth who report longer-term lower sleep duration, longer-term worse sleep, and shorter-term lower sleep duration on school days over the past week have a larger (i.e., more negative) ERN. Additionally, only shorter-term sleep duration on school days over the past week uniquely predicted the ERN. Finally, an elevated ERN predicted greater clinical anxiety in the context of longer-term sleep difficulties. Future studies should clarify the direction of these associations via longitudinal designs.

Uncertainty breeds anxiety and depression: The impact of the Russian invasion in Ukraine on a Swedish clinical population receiving internet-based psychotherapy

Background Recent global crises, such as the COVID-19 pandemic and the 2022 Russian invasion of Ukraine, have contributed to a rise in the global prevalence of anxiety and depressive disorders. This study examines the indirect impact of the Ukraine war on emotional disorders within a Swedish clinical population. Method The sample comprised participants (n = 1,222) actively engaged in an internet-based psychotherapeutic intervention (cognitive-behavioral, psychodynamic, and waitlist) when the war broke out. The Patient Health Questionnaire-9 scale and the Generalized Anxiety Disorder-7 scale were used to measure depression and anxiety. Results Anxiety and depressive symptom severity increased following the war's onset, with an average weekly increase of 0.77-points for anxiety (p = .001, Cohen's d = 0.08) and 0.09-points for depression (p = .70, Cohen's d = 0.01); however, the increase was negligible for depression. Furthermore, higher socioeconomic status (SES) predicted declines in depression and anxiety during the study period, with a 0.69-point average weekly decrease in anxiety (p &lt; .001, Cohen's d = 0.32) and a 1.09-point decrease in depression (p &lt; .001, Cohen's d = 0.48) per one unit increase in SES, suggesting that SES may serve as a protective factor that buffers against psychopathological development during crises. Conclusions These findings have implications for mitigating the development of psychopathology during crises and interpreting treatment efficacy estimates during such events. Our findings also emphasize the potential of internet-based psychotherapy in addressing emotional disorders during crises. This study presents up-to-date information about the reaction of treatment-seeking individuals to abrupt uncertainty.

Association between Combustible Cigarettes and Noncombustible Nicotine or Tobacco Products and Generalized Anxiety Disorder Based on Data from the 8th Korea National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey 2021.

Despite the increasing prevalence of anxiety disorders in Korea, there have been no nationwide studies on the association between tobacco status and generalized anxiety disorder (GAD). Furthermore, despite the increasing number of people using noncombustible nicotine or tobacco products (NNTPs), the association between NNTP use and GAD remains unclear. Therefore, this study investigated the association between tobacco use and GAD. This nationwide study used data from the 8th Korea National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (2021) and included 5,454 adults aged ≥19 years who self-reported on the tobacco use and mental health sections. Multivariable logistic regression analysis was performed to investigate the odds ratios (ORs) of GAD (Generalized Anxiety Disorder-7 score ≥10) according to tobacco status among Korean adults. The severity of anxiety was assessed using the Generalized Anxiety Disorder-7 scale. Compared to never tobacco users, the ORs of GAD for combustible cigarette smokers and NNTP users were 2.74 (95% confidence interval [CI], 1.66-4.50) and 2.11 (95% CI, 1.16-3.83), respectively. The OR of GAD for former tobacco users was 1.63 (95% CI, 0.98-2.72). Tobacco use (combustible cigarettes and NNTP) was positively associated with GAD. However, in former tobacco users, there was no significant association with GAD when compared with never tobacco users. Given the OR of GAD among tobacco users, it is crucial to pay attention to screening for GAD and implement appropriate early interventions.

Anxiety disorders among youth with substance use and associated factors in Northwest Ethiopia: A community-based study.

Anxiety disorder is an unpleasant emotional feeling with symptoms related to psychological and autonomic symptoms such as headache, perspiration, palpitations, dizziness, and stomach discomfort. The use of substances become a worldwide problem among youth which brings situation that leads to serious social and health-related problems. Anxiety disorders with substance use have a huge impact on their high prevalence, therapeutic issues, and poor prognosis on clinical effects. Although the prevalence of anxiety disorders is significant among young people who use substances, limited studies were conducted. Therefore, this study revealed the burden of anxiety disorders among youth with substance use and associated factors in Ethiopia. A community-based multi-stage with a simple random sampling technique was conducted. A total of 372 substance users study participants were recruited for this study. Alcohol, Smoking, and Substance Involvement Screening Tests, Depression Anxiety Stress Scales, and other tools were used to assess anxiety disorders with substance use and associated factors. Data were entered into Epi-data version 4.6, and exported to SPSS version 20 for further analysis. Bi-variables logistic regression analysis was employed to identify variables with a p-value of < 0.2 and associated factors were determined in multi-variables logistic regression analysis with a p-value < 0.05 with AOR and CI. From a total of 372 respondents the overall prevalence of anxiety disorders with substance use was 48.1%. Male sex [AOR = 1.99; 95% CI: (1.01-3.93)], low educational status of the father [AOR = 6.38 95%CI: (1.50-7.08)], and the presence of stress [AOR = 2.48; 95% CI: 2.48(2.43-4.40)] were significantly associated factors with anxiety disorders with substances use. The prevalence of anxiety disorders with substance use was 48.1% therefore; it is recommended that the zonal administration give collaborative work with the health bureau and facilitate awareness creation about the impact of substance abuse. Clinicians are recommended to mitigate anxiety disorders with substance use to get a good prognosis for clients with controlling their stress.

The prevalence of depression, anxiety, and sleep disorder among dental students: A systematic review and meta-analysis.

Despite the increasing concern, the literature lacks a comprehensive synthesis of the prevalence of depression, anxiety, and sleep disturbances among dental students. We conducted a systematic review following Cochrane Manual for Systematic Reviews of Interventions and PRISMA guidelines. Our search, spanning databases like Medline, Web of Science, and Scopus, covered data until June 5, 2023. A random effect model was utilized for the meta-analysis. From 508 initially identified articles, 45 studies met eligibility criteria. The pooled prevalence of depression, anxiety, and sleep disorders among dental students was estimated as follows: depression [38%, 95% confidence interval (CI): 32%-44%; I2 =98%], anxiety [48%, 95% CI: 41%-55%; I2 =97.7%], and sleep disorders [31%, 95% CI: 24%-38%; I2 =85.7%]. Subgroup analyses based on geographical regions and assessment scales revealed significant between-subgroup differences. Meta-regression identified associations between the prevalence of depression and the year of publication and between the prevalence of anxiety and total sample size, participant age, and year of publication. Publication bias assessments demonstrated a lack of significant bias, strengthening the validity of the findings. The prevalence of depression, anxiety, and sleep disturbances in dental students is significant. This study highlighted the need for targeted interventions and support systems within dental education to alleviate the mental health challenges students face, ultimately ensuring their well-being and competence as future healthcare providers. Further research should explore the effectiveness of interventions in this population.

The Impact of Preoperative Dexamethasone Administration on Quality of Recovery Following Laparoscopic Sleeve Gastrectomy: A Prospective Observational Study

IntroductionRecovery from anesthesia is complex and affected by multiple factors. In patient with obesity, the increased prevalence of anxiety and depressive disorders poses a challenge in achieving optimal patient satisfaction. Therefore, strategies to enhance the quality of recovery are crucial for this population. This study aimed to investigate whether administration of dexamethasone to patients undergoing laparoscopic sleeve gastrectomy (LSG) could improve recovery outcomes.MethodsThis prospective observational study was conducted at a tertiary university hospital in Samsun, Turkey. Thirty patients who received dexamethasone prior to LSG (group D) and 30 patients who did not (group C) were included with convenience sampling method. The quality of recovery was assessed using the Quality of Recovery 40 questionnaire (QoR-40). The primary outcome measure was the QoR-40 score at 24 h postoperatively.ResultsThe dexamethasone group showed a significant improvement in QoR-40 scores (185.4 ± 6.0 vs. 172.0 ± 8.4, p < 0.001), exhibited reduced morphine consumption (11.8 ± 7.8 vs. 21.8 ± 10.9 mg, p < 0.001), opioid demand count (21.50 [9.50–49.00], p = 0.001), the number of patient used antiemetic drug (1 vs. 22, p < 0.001), and achieved earlier mobilization (3 [3–4] vs. 3 [3–4] h, p < 0.0001). However, no significant differences were observed between the two groups concerning intraoperative complications, postoperative wound infections, or time to discharge.ConclusionsIn patients undergoing laparoscopic sleeve gastrectomy, preoperative dexamethasone administration was associated with improved the recovery quality after discharge and reduced early postoperative need for antiemetic medications.Graphical