Prevalence Of Age-related Cataract Research Articles

A clinical study to evaluate predictive significance of miR-513b-5p for senile cataract using nanoparticle-assisted polymerase chain reaction method

In the past few decades, increase in the global population and improvement in the overall life expectancy has been associated with an increase in the prevalence of age-related cataract. Cataracts (CA) refer to the opacification of the eye lens. It is one of the prime reasons contributing to visual impairment and blindness worldwide. The early onset of CA is relatively insidious, which stands as a major obstacle in the clinical diagnosis and treatment of the disease. Previous studies have reported an aberrant expression of miR-513b-5p in the lens of the eye. Since the eye lens holds a central position in CA, the present study aimed to explore and establish the role of miR-513b-5p in clinical implications of CA using a nanoparticle-assisted polymerase chain reaction (nano-PCR) technology. The study involved two broad groups, 108 elderly CA patients (research group, or RG) and 96 normal physical examinees (control group, or CG). Nano-PCR detection method was used to examine the expression of miR-513b-5p in the two groups. An elevated expression of miR-513b-5p was recorded in RG, which declined after the treatment. ROC curve analysis of the collected data revealed that miR-513b-5p had a favorable diagnostic significance for CA. Post treatment, a positive relevance of miR-513b-5p with inflammatory factors including C-reactive protein (CRP), interleukin 6 (IL-6), and tumor necrosis factor α (TNF-α) was verified by correlation analysis. The impact of miR-513b-5p on the prognosis of CA patients further established the high predictive significance of miR-513b-5p with regard to the recurrence of CA. Thus, the results of the study showed that miR-513b-5p was highly expressed in senile CA patients and it displayed a superior diagnostic significance with regard to CA. Post treatment, miR-513b-5p expression was found to be strongly linked to the expression of various inflammatory factors. In addition to these, miR-513b-5p displayed an outstanding predictive significance for the recurrence of CA. All these results highlight the suitability of miR-513b-5p to be used as a promising candidate for the diagnosis and treatment of senile CA in the future.

Cataract in 50 Plus Population: Prevalence & Perception of Symptoms in a Rural Block of Cuttack District of Odisha

Background : With the increase in life expectancy, the degenerative disorders are increasing day by day. Age related cataract is one among those and it is the commonest type of acquired cataract affecting persons usually above the age of 50 years. Most eye diseases in their initial stages tend to be ignored by many a people as common and trivial. Objectives : 1. To know the prevalence of cataract in 50+ population. 2. To know the perception of symptoms due to cataract. Method : It was a community based cross-sectional study conducted in two villages in a rural block of Odisha. The villages were selected by multistage random sampling. Sample size calculated was 266. The study respondents were interviewed and clinically examined by door to door visit. Data analysis was done with SPSS(11.0).Chi-square test was used as required. Results : A total of 274 individuals of 50+ age were enrolled in the study. The prevalence of cataract among the study subjects was 70% (68% in males and 72% in females). It was higher in BPL(Below poverty line) subjects. Significant difference (p<0.001)was observed in prevalence of cataract between perceivers and non-perceivers of eye problems. 97% of the cases of blindness was due to cataract. Conclusion : The study concludes that there is high prevalence of age related cataract in rural area of Odisha and also gives idea how rural people perceive the symptoms related to cataract.

Lutein/Zeaxanthin for the Treatment of Age-Related Cataract

Age-related cataract is a leading cause of visual impairment in the United States. The prevalence of age-related cataract is increasing, with an estimated 30.1 million Americans likely to be affected by 2020. To determine whether daily oral supplementation with lutein/zeaxanthin affects the risk for cataract surgery. The Age-Related Eye Disease Study 2 (AREDS2), a multicenter, double-masked clinical trial, enrolled 4203 participants, aged 50 to 85 years, at risk for progression to advanced age-related macular degeneration. Participants were randomly assigned to daily placebo; lutein/zeaxanthin, 10mg/2mg; omega-3 long-chain polyunsaturated fatty acids, 1 g; or a combination to evaluate the effects on the primary outcome of progression to advanced age-related macular degeneration. Cataract surgery was documented at annual study examination with the presence of pseudophakia or aphakia, or reported during telephone calls at 6-month intervals between study visits. Annual best-corrected visual acuity testing was performed. A secondary outcome of AREDS2 was to evaluate the effects of lutein/zeaxanthin on the subsequent need for cataract surgery. A total of 3159 AREDS2 participants were phakic in at least 1 eye and 1389 of 6027 study eyes underwent cataract surgery during the study, with median follow-up of 4.7 years. The 5-year probability of progression to cataract surgery in the no lutein/zeaxanthin group was 24%. For lutein/zeaxanthin vs no lutein/zeaxanthin, the hazard ratios for progression to cataract surgery was 0.96 (95% CI, 0.84-1.10; P = .54). For participants in the lowest quintile of dietary intake of lutein/zeaxanthin, the hazard ratio comparing lutein/zeaxanthin vs no lutein/zeaxanthin for progression to cataract surgery was 0.68 (95% CI, 0.48-0.96; P = .03). The hazard ratio for 3 or more lines of vision loss was 1.03 (95% CI, 0.93-1.13; P = .61 for lutein/zeaxanthin vs no lutein/zeaxanthin). Daily supplementation with lutein/zeaxanthin had no statistically significant overall effect on rates of cataract surgery or vision loss. clinicaltrials.gov Identifier: NCT00345176.

Prevalence of Age-Related Cataract in High-Selenium Areas of China

The objective of this study was to determine the prevalence of age-related cataract in high-selenium areas of China. This is a cross-sectional study of 1,522 persons aged 50 years and more who were selected as a representative sample from the Enshi prefecture in Hubei province. All lenses were graded and classified for opacities by slit lamp after papillary dilation, using the Lens Opacification Classification System II. The age-related cataract patients were 418 cases (33.28%). The prevalence of age-related cataract was 37.2% in women and 26.0% in men. The prevalence of nuclear cataract was 23.7%; cortical cataract was 22.4% and posterior subcapsule cataract was 5.2%. The prevalence of cataract of the 50-59 group was 13.41%; 60-69 group was 42.15%; 70 and over group was 61.9%. The prevalence of age-related cataract in high-selenium areas has not significantly increased; to some extent, the high selenium intake will not become a risk factor for the increase of cataract incidence.

Prevalence of age-related cataract among adults aged 50 and above in four rural areas in western China

To assess and compare the prevalence of age-related cataract (ARC) among adults aged 50 years or older in Western China. Questionnaire survey and ophthalmologic examination were conducted among 5562 permanent rural residents aged 50 years and above in Ping' an County, Qinghai Province, Chuxiong City, Yunnan Province, Liupanshui City, Guizhou Province, and Chongzuo City, Guangxi Zhuang Autonomous region, selected by cluster sampling. All lenses were graded and classified for lens opacities by slit lamp, using the Lens Opacification Classification System (LOCS) II and standard photographs. Definite ARC was defined as either LOGS II nuclear opalescence of grade 1.0 or more and/or cortical cataract of grade 1.0 or more and/or posterior subcapsular cataract of grade 1.0 or more in persons with the visual acuity worse than 10/16. The overall response rate was 88.4%. The prevalence rates of ARC in one or both eyes was 41.8% in Qinghai, 48.2% in Yunnan, 18.8% in Guizhou and 39.4% in Guangxi. After age correction under the data of China Census 2000, the age-adjusted prevalence of ARC correspondingly changed to 44.1% in Qinghai, 45.9% in Yunnan, 18.8% in Guizhou, and 32.8% in Guangxi. The prevalence of ARC increased significantly with increasing age. In those eyes with ARC, cortical cataract was more common in Qinghai and Guizhou, while nuclear cataract was more common in Yunnan and Guangxi. The proportion of grades 4 lens opacities in Qinghai was 17.49%, higher than those in Yunnan, Guizhou, and Guangri (15.58%, 11.03%, and 10.00%. respectively). Generally the ARC prevalence among the permanent rural residents aged 50 and above in Western China is higher than that in Eastern China. And there is difference in the prevalence rate among different areas. Special attention should be paid toward this situation.

Prevalence of feline cataract: results of a cross‐sectional study of 2000 normal animals, 50 cats with diabetes and one hundred cats following dehydrational crises

In this study 2000 normal cats, 50 cats with diabetes and 100 cats with a history of dehydrational crises were examined ophthalmoscopically to determine presence of cataract. The cats examined were predominantly from veterinary hospital populations but also from re-homing facilities and breeding catteries. Prevalence of cataract was determined for different age groups (year cohorts). The age at which prevalence of cataract was 50% (C(50)) was determined indirectly from a fitted prevalence curve as previously described. C(50) was determined for animals of different genders and different breeds as well as for those with diabetes and histories of dehydrational episodes related to chronic renal failure, chronic vomiting or chronic diarrhea. The mean +/- standard deviation of C(50) for all normal cats in the study was 12.7 +/- 3.4 years. All cats over 17.5 years were affected by some degree of lens opacity. C(50) for cats with diabetes was 5.6 +/- 1.9 years (significantly different from normal cats at P < 0.0001). For cats with a history of dehydrational crises C(50) was 9.9 +/- 2.5 (difference from normal cats nearing statistical significance at P = 0.06). The study yields novel findings regarding the prevalence of age-related cataract in normal cats together with cats with diabetes and history of previous dehydrational episodes in which prevalence of cataract is increased.

Prevalence and incidence of age-related cataract in a population sample from Priverno, Italy

PURPOSE. To study the prevalence and incidence of age-related cataract in a random population sample from the town of Priverno in the Lazio Region, Italy. METHODS. In 1987, 860 people between the ages of 45 and 69 years, already participating in a study on cardiovascular risk factors, underwent an ophthalmological examination. Patients with lens opacities, assessed by a clinical biomicroscopy and a best-corrected VA equal to or worse than 0.2 LogMar (20/30), were defined as age-related cataract cases. Of the 828 patients without age-related cataract at the baseline, 602 were re-examined in 1994. The 7-year Cumulative Incidence was calculated in three ways, as follows: - referring to the baseline sample without age-related cataract; - referring to the follow-up sample without age-related cataract at baseline; and - adjusted for non-response to the follow-up. RESULTS. In the baseline sample, the prevalence of age-related cataract was 3.7% (2.7%-5.2%, 95% C.I.). Cumulative Incidence referring to the baseline sample was 6.5% (4.8%-8.2%, 95% C.I.); Cumulative Incidence referring to the follow-up sample was 9.0% (6.7%-11.3%, 95% C.I.). Adjusted Cumulative Incidence of age-related cataract was 7.6% (5.6%-9.5%, 95% C.I.). CONCLUSIONS. The study suggests that, in the Priverno sample, aging, but not gender, is a very important risk factor for cataract. The authors conclude that more information is needed on incidence of age-related cataract needing surgical rehabilitation and on risk factors causing both progression of lens opacities and visual loss.

Cardiovascular Disease, Selected Cardiovascular Disease Risk Factors, and Age-related Cataracts: The Beaver Dam Eye Study

To examine the associations of cardiovascular disease and selected cardiovascular disease risk factors with the prevalence of age-related cataract. We conducted a population-based prevalence study of adults aged 43 to 86 years (n = 4,926) in Beaver Dam, Wisconsin. An ocular examination including lens photographs, medical history, height and weight measurement, blood testing, and photograph grading was performed according to standard protocols. Age and sex influenced most of the relationships between risk variables and cataract. Many relationships apparent in univariate analyses were not significant when controlling for confounders. In multivariate models, higher glycated hemoglobin was significantly and consistently associated with increased risk of nuclear cataract in women. For cortical cataract, higher serum high density lipoprotein cholesterol was associated with decreased risk in women. For posterior subcapsular cataract, men with higher ratios of total to high-density lipoprotein cholesterol were at increased risk. History of cardiovascular disease was not associated with cataracts in persons with or without diabetes after controlling for additional risk indicators. Some risk factors for cardiovascular disease were associated with increased frequency of age-related lens opacities. Age and sex influenced these relationships but did not entirely explain them. Longitudinal follow-up is necessary to determine antecedent-consequent relationships that may suggest causal associations.

The Relation of Socioeconomic Factors to Age-related Cataract, Maculopathy, and Impaired Vision: The Beaver Dam Eye Study

To investigate the relations between socioeconomic factors and the prevalence of age-related cataract, maculopathy, and visual impairment. A population-based sample of 4926 people 43 to 86 years of age was examined from 1988 to 1990. Education, income, employment status, marital status, nuclear sclerosis, cortical, and posterior subcapsular cataract, age-related maculopathy, and impaired vision were all ascertained using standard protocols. While controlling for age, sex, diabetes status, multivitamin use, alcohol consumption, and cigarette smoking, less education was significantly associated with nuclear and cortical cataract, and lower income was significantly associated with cortical and posterior subcapsular cataract and impaired vision. There was a "U-shaped" relation between income and cataract surgery. Neither income nor education was related to age-related maculopathy. There was no relation of marital status to cataract status or age-related maculopathy. These data suggest that education and income are associated with cataract, cataract surgery, and impaired vision. These relations were not explained by other risk factors measured in the study.

The prevalence of age related cataract in the Asian Community in Leicester: A community based study

A community based ophthalmic survey has been carried out in the city of Leicester. Samples of Asians and Caucasians aged 40 years and over were randomly selected from the patients of four general practitioners and invited to have an ophthalmic examination. After adjustment for age, the prevalence rate of age-related cataract was significantly higher in the Asians when compared to the Caucasians. Age-related cataract was found to develop earlier in the Asians. A strict vegetarian diet was found to be a significant risk factor for age-related cataract in the Asian Community in Leicester.

The Pattern of Ocular Morbidity, Findings from a Study Conducted in Western Remote Hilly Region of Nepal

Background: There is a lack of study in the pattern of ocular morbidity in western hilly region of Nepal. Therefore a study was carried out to find out the pattern of ocular morbidity, in various age groups in a diagnostic, screening and treatment camp (DST) held in a western hilly remote region of Nepal. Methods: A descriptive, cross sectional study was done to find out the pattern of ocular morbidity in a western hilly region of Nepal. All the cases included in the study were examined thoroughly from Ophthalmological perspective and a diagnosis was made. Patients needing treatment both medical as well as surgical were advised accordingly and referred when indicated. Results: A total of 712 eyes of 356 cases were examined in this study. The range of the age varied from two months of life to 91 yrs of age. Age wise most number of cases were in the school going age group accounting for almost 80% of all the cases. The commonest ocular morbidity encountered were refractive error (15.4%), dry eyes, ocular allergy, followed by cataract. Majority of the cases had both dry eyes and ocular allergy. While 70 eyes of 35 patients had no ocular morbidity. Conclusion: The lower prevalence of age related cataract was due to the extensive cataract surgical coverage provided in the region by various organizations and because of lesser number of cases examined above the age of 40 years. Finding of just three cases of Xerophthalmia (X2B), pointed out towards the success of extensive Vitamin A supplement program run by the ministry of health. Keywords: Refractive error; dry eyes; ocular allergy; cataract DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3126/njms.v1i1.5795 Nepal Journal of Medical Sciences. 2012; 1(1): 35-38