Prevalence Of Acute Coronary Syndrome Research Articles

Distribution of catheterisation laboratories in Indonesia 2017–2022: a nationwide survey

BackgroundGeographical terrains of Indonesia pose a major hindrance to transportation. The difficulty of transportation affects the provision of acute time-dependent therapy such as percutaneous coronary intervention (PCI). Also, Indonesia’s aging population would have a significant impact on the prevalence of acute coronary syndrome in the next decade. Therefore, the analysis and enhancement of cardiovascular care are crucial. The catheterisation laboratory performs PCI procedures. In the current study, we mapped the number and distribution of catheterisation laboratories in Indonesia. MethodsA direct survey was used to collect data related to catheterisation laboratory locations in July 2022. The population data was sourced from the Ministry of Home Affairs. The recent growth of catheterisation laboratories was examined and evaluated based on geographical areas. The main instruments for comparing regions and changes throughout time are the ratio of catheterisation laboratories per 100,000 population and the Gini index (a measure of economic and healthcare inequality. Gini index ranges from 0 to 1, with greater values indicating more significant levels of inequality). Regression analysis was carried out to see how the number of catheterisation laboratories was affected by health demand (prevalence) and economic capacity (Gross Domestic Regional Product [GDRP] per Capita). FindingsThe number of catheterisation laboratories in Indonesia significantly increased from 181 to 310 during 2017-2022, with 44 of the 119 new labs built in an area that did not have one. Java has the most catheterisation laboratories (208, 67%). The catheterisation laboratory ratio in the provinces of Indonesia ranges from 0·0 in West Papua and Maluku to 4·46 in Jakarta; the median is 1·09. (IQR 0·71–1·18). The distribution remains a problem, as shown by the high catheterisation laboratory Gini index (0·48). Regression shows that distribution of catheterisation laboratories was significantly affected by GDRP and the prevalence of heart disease. InterpretationThe number of catheterisation laboratories in Indonesia has increased significantly recently, however, maldistribution remains a concern. To improve Indonesia's cardiovascular emergency services, future development of catheterisation laboratories must be better planned considering the facility's accessibility and density. FundingIndonesia Endowment Fund for Education – Lembaga Pengelola Dana Pendidikan (LPDP)

Diabetes and risk of acute coronary syndrome in callers with chest discomfort: Cross-sectional study in out-of-hours primary care

AimsWe investigated the differences in prevalence of acute coronary syndrome (ACS) by presence versus absence of diabetes in males and females with chest discomfort who called out-of-hours primary care (OHS-PC). MethodsA cross-sectional study performed in the Netherlands. Patients who called the OHS-PC in the Utrecht region, the Netherlands between 2014 and 2017 with acute chest discomfort were included.We compared those with diabetes with those without diabetes. Multivariable logistic regression was used to determine the relation between diabetes and (i) high urgency allocation and (ii) ACS. ResultsOf the 2,195 callers with acute chest discomfort, 180 (8.2%) reported having diabetes. ACS was present in 15.3% of males (22.0% in those with diabetes) and 8.4% of females (18.8% in those with diabetes). Callers with diabetes did not receive a high urgency more frequently (74.4% vs. 67.8% (OR: 1.38; 95% CI 0.98–1.96). However, such callers had a higher odds for ACS (OR: 2.17; 95% CI 1.47–3.19). These differences were similar for females and males. ConclusionsDiabetes holds promise as diagnostic factor in callers to OHS-PC with chest discomfort. It might help triage in this setting given the increased risk of ACS in those with diabetes.

Background and objectives: Acute coronary syndrome is the leading cause of death all over the world, there are many different risk factors as important etiology for this acute condition, this syndrome has been studied in different countries with a variety of results. The aim was to define different risk factors for the patients admitted to Erbil cardiac center and to

Background and objectives: The most prevalent and chronic form of systemic autoimmune disease, rheumatoid arthritis is characterized by persistent inflammation, deteriorating joint function with time, increasing comorbidity, and increased mortality. The aim of this study was to know the frequency of joints involved, to know the prevalence of seropositive Rheumatoid arthritis, and evaluation of demographic features of the patients with Rheumatoid arthritis. Methods: A cross-sectional, descriptive study was undertaken on 110 patients at Rizgary teaching hospital in Erbil city. From January 2022 and January 2023. We evaluated and diagnosed the patients. Serological investigations including Anti-cyclic citrullinated peptide and rheumatoid factor were done for all of the patients. Results: One hundred ten patients 80% were female and 20 % were male. The mean age (SD) was 51.39 (12.6) years, majority of the patients were obese (45.5%). Only 14.5% of the sample were smokers, and rate of illiteracy was 60%. The most common joints involved were metacarpo-pharyngeal joint 73.6% followed by wrist joint 63.6%. Most common comorbid disease was hypertension 29.1% followed by diabetes mellitus, and thyroid disease (15.5%, 10%) respectively. Prevalence of seropositive rheumatoid arthritis was 80.9%. Majority of the patients used methotrexate, while the most common biologic used by the patients was etanercept 12.7%. Conclusions: Our rheumatoid arthritis patients' demographics, joint involvement, and serological characteristics matched those of some regional and international studies, however we discovered a higher proportion of women and a higher percentage of illiteracy.

Prevalence of Acute Coronary Syndrome and Various Risk Factors in Patients with Acute Stroke

Prevalence of Acute Coronary Syndrome and Various Risk Factors in Patients with Acute Stroke

Dual Antiplatelet Therapy Duration After Multivessel Optimal Intravascular Ultrasound-Guided Percutaneous Coronary Intervention.

There is a scarcity of data evaluating contemporary real-world dual antiplatelet therapy (DAPT) strategies after percutaneous coronary intervention (PCI).Methods and Results: In the OPTIVUS-Complex PCI study multivessel cohort enrolling 982 patients undergoing multivessel PCI, including left anterior descending coronary artery using intravascular ultrasound (IVUS), we conducted 90-day landmark analyses to compare shorter and longer DAPT. DAPT discontinuation was defined as withdrawal of P2Y12inhibitors or aspirin for at least 2 months. The prevalence of acute coronary syndrome and high bleeding risk by the Bleeding Academic Research Consortium were 14.2% and 52.5%, respectively. The cumulative incidence of DAPT discontinuation was 22.6% at 90 days, and 68.8% at 1 year. In the 90-day landmark analyses, there were no differences in the incidences of a composite of death, myocardial infarction, stroke, or any coronary revascularization (5.9% vs. 9.2%, log-rank P=0.12; adjusted hazard ratio, 0.59; 95% confidence interval, 0.32-1.08; P=0.09) and BARC type 3 or 5 bleeding (1.4% vs. 1.9%, log-rank P=0.62) between the off- and on-DAPT groups at 90 days. The adoption of short DAPT duration was still low in this trial conducted after the release of the STOPDAPT-2 trial results. The 1-year incidence of cardiovascular events was not different between the shorter and longer DAPT groups, suggesting no apparent benefit of prolonged DAPT in reducing cardiovascular events even in patients who undergo multivessel PCI.

Risk factor profile and outcomes of premature acute coronary syndrome after percutaneous coronary intervention: A 1-year prospective design.

The prevalence of acute coronary syndrome (ACS) among young adults (premature ACS) has dramatically increased in recent years, especially in developing countries. Yet, the data on these patients' attributed risk factors and outcomes are inconsistent. In this study, we aimed to investigate these data in a cohort of premature ACS cases who underwent percutaneous coronary intervention (PCI) compared to older patients. We hypothesize that premature ACS patients undergoing PCI will exhibit different risk factor profiles and outcomes compared to non-premature patients. specifically, we anticipate that premature patients do not necessarily have better outcomes than non-premature. Overall, 3142 and 10 399 patients were included in premature and non-premature groups, respectively. Patients' pre-operative, post-operative, and follow-up data were retrieved retrospectively from the Tehran Heart Center PCI databank. The mean age of premature and non-premature cohorts was 48.39 and 67 years, respectively. Patients were predominantly male in both groups. Family history of coronary artery disease (CAD), dyslipidemia, smoking, and opium addiction were more prevalent among the younger cohort. After adjustment, in-hospital mortality in younger patients was considerably higher, with all-cause mortality and major cardiovascular and cerebrovascular events (MACCE) exhibiting no noticeable difference among the two groups. Risk factor profile is different in young patients, and traditional cardiovascular risk factors, such as hypertension and diabetes mellitus, are more prevalent among older adults. Younger age is not equivalent to a better prognosis; hence, similar or even more caution should be taken into consideration regarding secondary prevention for these patients.

Acute Coronary Syndrome in Women at the CHU le Luxembourg of Bamako

Introduction: Acute coronary syndromes have been very little studied in the female population in black Africa. Our series showed an increase in the prevalence of acute coronary syndromes in the female population compared to previous studies. Through this retrospective study, we evaluated the epidemiological, clinical, paraclinical, therapeutic and evolutionary specifications of acute coronary syndromes in women. Methodology: This was a retro and prospective study, concerning patients admitted for an acute coronary syndrome over a period of 3 years from September 1, 2019, to August 30, 2022, in the interventional cardiology unit at the CHU le Luxembourg of Bamako. Results: During the study period, 74 patients’ files were collected out of 251 patients, i.e., a frequency of ACS in women of 29.5%. The average age of the patients was 59.31 ± 10.89 years (37 and 83 years) and the age group 45-65 years was the most affected. The risk factors were essentially high blood pressure 66.2% (n=49), physical inactivity 66.2% (n=49) and diabetes 59.5% (n=44). The predominant functional signs were atypical chest pain in 56.8% of cases (n=42). The electrical aspect was mainly persistent ST-segment elevation in 61% (n=45). Seventy-six percent (n=56) of patients were treated 12 hours after the first medical contact. The approach for coronary angiography was radical in 93%. Coronary angiography was pathological in 92% (n=68). Lesions were single vessel in 29.7% of cases and multi-vessel in 62.2% of cases. Conclusion: Acute coronary syndrome in women is characterized by atypical of symptoms with a delay in diagnosis and management. Coronary lesions are characterized by multi-vessel involvement in the majority of cases.

#5443 ASSOCIATION OF SERUM CALCIUM-TO-MAGNESIUM RATIO WITH CARDIOVASCULAR AND CEREBRAL VASCULAR DISEASES IN DIALYSIS PATIENTS

Abstract Background and Aims Cardiovascular disease (CVD) and cerebral vascular accident (CVA) are the important complications and the leading causes of death in dialysis patients. High serum calcium (Ca) level promotes the clotting cascades and vascular calcification, which leads to CVD and CVA. Magnesium (Mg) is a well-known Ca blocker, inhibiting the formation of thrombin. An imbalance between serum Ca and Mg levels has been reported as an associated factor with CVD and mortality. This study investigated the associations of serum Ca-Mg ratio with CVD and CVA in dialysis patients. Method We conducted a cross-sectional analysis using baseline data from a multicenter prospective cohort for dialysis patients in South Korea. A total of 860 patients were divided into tertile groups according to serum Ca-Mg ratio levels. Patients with serum Ca-Mg ratio less than 3.28 were classified as the low group, and patients with serum Ca-Mg ratio more than 3.87 were classified as the high group, and the rest were classified as the middle group. Serum Ca level was calculated and applied as corrected Ca level considering serum albumin level. The associations of serum Ca-Mg ratio with prevalence of acute coronary syndrome (ACS), congestive heart failure, aortic artery calcification, and CVA were assessed. Results The average age of all patients was 59.1±12.1 years, and the average duration of dialysis was 7.9±5.9 years, and the duration of the low group was shorter than those of other groups. The high group had higher prevalence of peripheral vascular disease (P = 0.004). Serum albumin, phosphorus and Mg levels in the high group were lower than other groups (P<0.001). The prevalence of ACS showed higher in the high group than in other groups (P = 0.017). The prevalence of cerebral infarction showed higher in the high group than the low group (P = 0.016). In multivariable logistic regression analysis, higher Ca-Mg ratio was independently associated with the prevalence of ACS (Odds ratio 1.321, 95% confidential interval 1.009-1.728, P = 0.043) and cerebral infarction (Odds ratio 1.392, 95% confidential interval 1.002-1.896, P = 0.036). Conclusion A high Ca-Mg ratio was associated with the development of ACS and cerebral infarction. If the optimal cut-off of Ca-Mg ratio is determined, it can be used as a predictive marker for ACS and cerebral infarction.

Prevalence of Acute Coronary Syndrome among Diabetic Patients Admitted to Al-Wahdah Teaching Hospital, Yemen

Prevalence of Acute Coronary Syndrome among Diabetic Patients Admitted to Al-Wahdah Teaching Hospital, Yemen

Pancoronary plaque characteristics and clinical outcomes in acute coronary syndrome patients with cancer history

Background and aimsThe prevalence of acute coronary syndrome (ACS) patients with cancer history is increasing and it is associated with higher mortality. However, there is limited evidence on the characteristics of coronary plaque in ACS patients with cancer history. This study explored the pancoronary plaque characteristics in ACS patients with cancer history by optical coherence tomography (OCT). MethodsA total of 306 ACS patients treated by 3-vessel OCT at the time of percutaneous coronary intervention (PCI) were included, retrospectively. Patients were divided into two groups according to the presence or absence of cancer history: one group with cancer history (n = 98) and a matched group without cancer history (n = 208). ResultsA total of 314 culprit lesions and 514 nonculprit lesions were identified by OCT in this study. In culprit lesions, ACS patients with cancer history had higher incidence of thin cap fibroatheroma (TCFA) (p = 0.016), cholesterol crystals (p = 0.028), calcification (p = 0.001) and thrombus (p = 0.001), and had thinner fibrous cap thickness (FCT) (p = 0.011), greater maximum lipid arc (p = 0.042) and lipid index (p < 0.001), compared to matched ACS patients without cancer history. In nonculprit lesions, ACS patients with cancer history had higher prevalence of high-risk plaque (14.7% vs. 7.7%, p = 0.017), nonculprit rupture (14.7% vs. 6.3%, p = 0.003), and TCFA (52.2% vs. 28.3%, p < 0.001), and had higher incidence of calcification (p = 0.003), thrombus (p = 0.029), cholesterol crystals (p = 0.002) and microchannels (p = 0.029). These non-culprit lesions had longer lesion length (p = 0.001), thinner FCT (p < 0.001), greater maximum lipid arc (p = 0.016) and lipid index (p < 0.001). ConclusionsACS patients with cancer history showed more high-risk plaque features in culprit and nonculprit lesions, compared with ACS patients without cancer history. Therefore, ACS patients with cancer history may have greater pancoronary vulnerability. This may predict a poorer prognosis for ACS patients with cancer history.

Association of accompanying dyspnoea with diagnosis and outcome of patients presenting with acute chest discomfort.

The presence of accompanying dyspnoea is routinely assessed and common in patients presenting with acute chest pain/discomfort to the emergency department (ED). We aimed to assess the association of accompanying dyspnoea with differential diagnoses, diagnostic work-up, and outcome. We enrolled patients presenting to the ED with chest pain/discomfort. Final diagnoses were adjudicated by independent cardiologists using all information including cardiac imaging. The primary diagnostic endpoint was the final diagnosis. The secondary diagnostic endpoint was the performance of high-sensitivity cardiac troponin (hs-cTn) and the European Society of Cardiology (ESC) 0/1h-algorithms for the diagnosis of myocardial infarction (MI). The prognostic endpoints were cardiovascular and all-cause mortality at two years. Among 6045 patients, 2892/6045 (48%) had accompanying dyspnoea. The prevalence of acute coronary syndrome (ACS) in patients with vs. without dyspnoea was comparable (MI 22.4% vs. 21.9%, P = 0.60, unstable angina 8.7% vs. 7.9%, P = 0.29). In contrast, patients with dyspnoea more often had cardiac, non-coronary disease (15.3% vs. 10.2%, P < 0.001). Diagnostic accuracy of hs-cTnT/I concentrations was not affected by the presence of dyspnoea (area under the curve 0.89-0.91 in both groups), and the safety of the ESC 0/1h-algorithms was maintained with negative predictive values >99.4%. Accompanying dyspnoea was an independent predictor for cardiovascular and all-cause death at two years [hazard ratio 1.813 (95% confidence intervals, 1.453-2.261, P < 0.01)]. Accompanying dyspnoea was not associated with a higher prevalence of ACS but with cardiac, non-coronary disease. While the safety of the diagnostic work-up was not affected, accompanying dyspnoea was an independent predictor for cardiovascular and all-cause death. https://clinicaltrials.gov/ct2/show/NCT00470587, number NCT00470587.

Characteristics and treatment analysis of young acute coronary syndrome patients in a tertiary care hospital: A cross-sectional retrospective study.

The prevalence of acute coronary syndrome (ACS) has been rising in the younger population worldwide. To fully comprehend the effects of the condition, it is crucial to examine the evolving characteristics and treatment options. The purpose of this study is to evaluate the characteristics and treatment analysis for young ACS patients in a tertiary care setting. This cross-sectional, retrospective, single-center study included a random sample of patients who had been hospitalized for ACS over the period of a year. We collected and analyzed data on risk factors, diagnoses, angiographic patterns, and potential treatments. The study involved 198 young ACS patients in total. The majority of patients (57%) had no risk factors, and the majority of them (44%) had ST-elevation myocardial infarction (STEMI) as their diagnosis. The most common type (48%) was single-vessel disease (SVD). Statins and antiplatelet medications made up the majority of the patients' nonsurgical treatments (88% and 87%, respectively). A statistically significant difference exists between young and older ACS patients with gender (p < 0.01). However, it is not clinically relevant. Men were the majority of young ACS patients, and STEMI, SVD were more prevalent. The majority of young ACS patients had no significant risk factors. To determine the risk factors of young ACS patients, a more thorough case-control study is critically needed.

In-hospital mortality from acute coronary syndrome in Africa: a systematic review and meta-analysis.

There is an increasing recognition of the burden of cardiovascular disease in Africa. However, little is known about the pooled prevalence of acute coronary syndrome (ACS)-associated in-hospital mortality and contributing factors. PubMed, Medline, Embase, Web of Science (Core Collection), and supplementary sources including Google Scholar, World Cat, Research Gate, and Cochrane Library were searched. Chi-square test and I 2-statistic were used to assess heterogeneity. Egger's and Begg's tests and funnel plots were used to assess publication bias. Data were analyzed using Stata software (version 15.0). Twenty nine studies with a total sample of 11,788 were included. The pooled estimate of all-cause in-hospital mortality was 22% (pooled proportion (PP) = 0.22; 95% confidence interval (CI): 0.17-0.27. The In-hospital mortality rate was lower at the cardiac centers (PP = 0.14; CI: 0.05-0.23) compared to referral hospitals (PP = 0.24; CI: 0.17-0.31]) The mortality rate was comparable in Eastern (PP = 0.23; CI: 0.19-0.27) and Northern Africa (PP = 0.22; CI: 0.16-0.28). The incidence of in-hospital heart failure, cardiogenic shock, arrhythmia, bleeding, acute stroke, and reinfarction were 42, 17.0, 20.0, 16.0, 4.0, and 5.0%, respectively. All-cause in-hospital mortality rate associated with ACS is high in Africa. The mortality rate at cardiac centers was 10% lower when compared with referral hospitals. Establishing coronary units, strengthening existing cardiac services, and improving availability and access to cardiovascular medicines could help in reducing the burden of ACS in the continent.

Epidemiological Aspects of Acute Coronary Syndromes in Saint-Louis, Senegal

Introduction: The prevalence of cardiovascular diseases has been rapidly increasing in developing countries, leading to an increasing incidence of acute coronary syndrome which is becoming a major health concern. Few studies have been conducted in hospital settings, which has led us to conduct this cross-sectional, descriptive study in Saint Louis in the north of Senegal, (250 km away from the capital) whose objective is to describe the epidemiological aspects of acute coronary syndrome (ACS) in hospital settings. Methodology: This is a cross-sectional descriptive and retrospective study lasting two years from January 1, 2018 to 31 December 2019 which included all patients hospitalized in the cardiology department of the regional hospital of salary for an ACS. Results: Out of 475 patients admitted to the department of cardiology, 47 presented with acute coronary syndrome which is a prevalence of 9.89%. The mean age was 63+/-13.14 years. There was a male predominance with a sex ratio of 1.5. The meantime between the beginnings of symptoms to hospitalization was 50 hours. The most frequent clinical presentation was acute coronary syndrome with ST segment elevation (STEMI: ST-segment Elevation Myocardial Infarction) in 39 patients. Hypertension was the most common cardiovascular risk factor in 23 patients and chest pain was the most common symptoms 72.3%. In STEMI patients, the ECG abnormalities were mainly in the anterior region and in NSTEMI (Non-ST-segment Elevation Myocardial Infarction) patients the ECG abnormalities were mainly in the inferior region. On echocardiography, 64% of patients had an altered left ventricular ejection function in STEMI patients whereas in NSTEMI patients, the left ventricular ejection function was preserved in 71% of cases. STEMI patients received within the first 12 hours represented 66% of our population of which 84% benefited from thrombolysis with streptokinase with a success rate of 52%. The mean time to thrombolysis was six hours. Six patients or 12.76% were sent for coronarography. The most common complication was cardiovascular collapse (11%), 15% of patients died. Conclusion: The prevalence of acute coronary syndrome is increasing in West Africa with a predominance of ST segment elevation acute coronary syndromes. The main issues encountered were long leading times between onset of symptoms and hospital admission along with limited availability of medical facilities.

Prevalence of Acute Coronary Syndrome among Patients Presenting with Chest Pain

Background and Aim: Multiple organ diseases can cause chest pain. One of the most important differential diagnoses is acute coronary syndrome (ACS). The present study aim was to determine the incidence of ACS among patients presented with chest pain. Patients and Methods: This observational study was carried out on 168 patients presented with chest pain in the Department of Cardiology, DHQ Teaching Hospital / GKMC, Swabi and Punjab Institute of Cardiology Lahore. The duration of study was 6 months from October 2021 to March 2022. Chest pain, diabetes, hypertension, and smoking status from each individual were recorded. The incidence of ACS was determined. Patients presented with chest pain and had &gt;16 years age were enrolled. Thoracic patients, traumatic chest pain, and local infectious patients were excluded. Nature of chest pain such as substernal pain, nitroglycerin relieved pain, and exertion provoked pain were assessed. ACS was diagnosed and confirmed by electrocardiograph (ECG), prior history, and cardiac biomarkers. Descriptive statistics was carried out in SPSS version 26. Results: Of the total patients, there were 116 (69%) male and 52 (31%) females. The prevalence of acute coronary syndrome was 62 (36.9%) among patients presented with chest pain. The overall mean age was 46.82±12.1 years with age range from 16 years to 80 years. The incidence of diabetes, hypertension, and smoker were 48 (28.6%), 66 (39.3%), and 38 (22.6%) respectively. Out of 168 patients, the prevalence of non-specific, atypical, and typical chest pain was 88 (52.3%), 50 (29.8%), and 30 (17.9%) respectively. Of the total 62 ACS patients, the incidence of STEMI, NSTEMI, and unstable angina were 28 (45.2%), 19 (30.6%), and 15 (24.2%) respectively. Conclusion: The present study found that the incidence of ACS was 36.9% among patients presented with chest pain. Acute coronary syndrome was the most important differential diagnoses in chest pain patients. If a patient is presenting with chest pain, the diagnosis of ACS needs to be strongly deduced, and prompt action taken so that the patient can undergo proper treatment as soon as possible. Keywords: Acute coronary syndrome, Chest pain, Prevalence

Effects of Cardiac Rehabilitation in Cardiopulmonary Fitness with High-Risk Myocardial Infarction.

The prevalence of acute coronary syndrome in Korea has steadily increased, however, the understanding of and participation rate in cardiac rehabilitation (CR) is very low. There are few studies have been conducted in myocardial infarction (MI) patients with reduced heart function, a so-called high-risk group. Therefore, it is necessary to compare the effects of CR on the degree of improvement in cardiopulmonary fitness (CPF), whether MI patients participate or not, especially in the patients that are at a high risk of MI. Three hundred and ninety-four patients that were commissioned for CR between January 2016 and December 2020 were screened for risk stratification based on the American Association of Cardiovascular and Pulmonary Rehabilitation guidelines, and 115 were classified as high-risk patients. We retrospectively reviewed the patients who underwent both an exercise tolerance test (ETT) during the initial visit and 3 months after the onset of the study. During this period, 42 subjects were included, of which, 26 underwent at least one CR session and 16 did not. The baseline characteristics of the patients showed no significant differences. The results of the CPF improvement were measured as peak oxygen consumption (VO2 peak) and metabolic equivalent of tasks (METs) values which were derived through the ETT. Prior to the ETT, all of the demographic features, including ejection fraction, showed that there were no significant differences between the two groups. The initial CPF values were the same. However, after three months, the VO2 peak and METs values showed that there were significant differences between the two groups (p < 0.01). Additionally, the exercise time differed significantly between the two groups. The CPF values and exercise time showed a significant increase after 3 months in the CR participants. Therefore, it is necessary to initiate cardiac rehabilitation especially in high-risk patients as soon as the patient’s vital signs are stable to improve their cardiopulmonary function.

Inpatient cardiovascular outcomes in patients with cancer affected by viral influenza infection.

Influenza disproportionately affects individuals with underlying comorbidities. Long-term follow-up studies have shown that patients with cancer with influenza have higher mortality. However, very little is known about the in-hospital mortality and cardiovascular outcomes of influenza infection in cancer hospitalisations. We compared the in-hospital mortality and cardiovascular outcomes in patients with cancer with and without influenza by screening the National Inpatient Sample from 2015 to 2017. A total of 9 443 421 hospitalisations with any cancer were identified, out of which 14 634 had influenza while 9 252 007 did not. A two-level hierarchical multivariate logistic regression analysis adjusted for age, sex, race, hospital type and relevant comorbidities was performed. The group with cancer and influenza had higher in-hospital mortality (OR 1.08; 95% CI 1.003 to 1.16; p=0.04), acute coronary syndromes (OR 1.74; 95% CI 1.57 to 1.93; p<0.0001), atrial fibrillation (OR 1.24; 95% CI 1.18 to 1.29; p<0.0001) and acute heart failure (OR 1.41; 95% CI 1.32 to 1.51; p<0.0001). Patients with cancer affected by influenza have higher in-hospital mortality and a higher prevalence of acute coronary syndrome, atrial fibrillation and acute heart failure.

Inpatient cardiovascular outcomes in patients with cancer affected by viral influenza infection

BackgroundInfluenza disproportionately affects individuals with underlying comorbidities. Long-term follow-up studies have shown that patients with cancer with influenza have higher mortality. However, very little is known about the in-hospital mortality...

Acute Coronary Syndrome among Patients with Chest Pain: Prevalence and Common Cardiovascular Risk Factors

Background: Chest pain not yet diagnosed), has been introduced in order to describe the subset of patients without coronary ischemic etiology of their chest pain. Chest pain is one of the common reason and Acute coronary syndrome is an important cause of chest pain. Objective: To assess the Prevalence of Acute Coronary Syndrome among Patients Presenting with Chest Pain and its association with common cardiovascular risk factors. Methods: This was an observational study conducted at Faridpur Medical College Hospital, Faridpur, Bangladesh from January to June 2022 enrolling 224 participants consecutively. Participants were interviewed focusing history of hypertension, diabetes, smoking and nature of chest pain. The diagnosis of participants whether it was acute coronary syndrome or not were recorded. Prevalence of acute coronary syndrome was calculated. Linear regression analysis was done to see the correlation with tested variables. Results: Out of 224 participants, 150 (66.96%) were male. Hypertension was present in 84 (37.5%), diabetes in 60 (26.78%) and 52 (23.21%) were smoker. Mean age was 51.82±14.24 years. Seventy-five (66.96%) were male. Forty-two (37.5%) were hypertensive, 60 (26.78%) were diabetes and 52 (23.21%) were smoker. Fifty-six (50%) had nonspecific chest pain, 70 (31.25%) had atypical chest pain and 42 (18.75%) had typical chest pain. Among the participants 76 (33.93%) had acute coronary syndrome. Acute coronary syndrome showed positive correlation with age, gender, nature of chest pain, hypertension and smoking. Conclusion: Acute coronary pattern was one of the common cause of casket pain among actors visiting exigency of a tertiary cardiac centre. We set up positive correlation of age, gender, nature of casket pain, hypertension and smoking with opinion of ACS. Cases with these threat factors need strong dubitation of ACS and prompt work up when they present with casket pain so that they can get proper operation on time.

Effects of Hypertension on the Incidence of Acute Coronary Syndrome and Severity of Coronary Artery Disease in Young Women

Abstract Background To investigate the effects of hypertension on the prevalence of acute coronary syndrome (ACS) and the severity of coronary artery disease in young women in northern China. Methods A retrospective analysis was performed on 840 young female patients (age &amp;lt;45 years old) underwent coronary angiography due to chest pain or chest discomfort between January 2007 and December 2016. The patients were divided into hypertension group (256 cases) and control group (584 cases). The risk factors and prevalence of ACS, and coronary stents implantation in the 2 groups were studied. Results The prevalence of ACS was higher in the hypertension group compared with the control group (80.9% vs. 36.5%, P &amp;lt; 0.05). The rates of hyperlipidemia (37.1% vs. 14.9%), hypercholesterolemia (8.6% vs. 3.4%), hyperuricemia (18.4% vs. 7.2%), and hyperhomocysteinemia (10.9% vs. 3.9%) were all significantly higher in the hypertensives compared with controls (all P &amp;lt; 0.05). The hypertension group had higher rates of overweight (63.7% vs. 29.5%), family history of early coronary heart disease (15.2% vs. 5.5%), smoking (5.5% vs. 4.3%), menopause (4.7% vs. 1.7%), and type 2 diabetes (24.2% vs. 8.9%) compared with the control group (all P &amp;lt; 0.05). Double branch lesions of coronary artery in hypertension and control groups were 14.1% and 5.7%, respectively (P &amp;lt; 0.05). Further, hypertensive patients with ACS had higher number (1.67 ± 1.05 vs. 1.41 ± 0.85) and longer (24.44 ± 6.97 vs. 22.85 ± 7.80 mm) stents implantation than the control group (P &amp;lt; 0.05). Conclusions Hypertension is the main risk factor of ACS in young women in northern China. Young women with hypertension have more risk factors for atherosclerotic cardiovascular disease.