Effects of Hypertension on the Incidence of Acute Coronary Syndrome and Severity of Coronary Artery Disease in Young Women

Abstract

Abstract Background To investigate the effects of hypertension on the prevalence of acute coronary syndrome (ACS) and the severity of coronary artery disease in young women in northern China. Methods A retrospective analysis was performed on 840 young female patients (age <45 years old) underwent coronary angiography due to chest pain or chest discomfort between January 2007 and December 2016. The patients were divided into hypertension group (256 cases) and control group (584 cases). The risk factors and prevalence of ACS, and coronary stents implantation in the 2 groups were studied. Results The prevalence of ACS was higher in the hypertension group compared with the control group (80.9% vs. 36.5%, P < 0.05). The rates of hyperlipidemia (37.1% vs. 14.9%), hypercholesterolemia (8.6% vs. 3.4%), hyperuricemia (18.4% vs. 7.2%), and hyperhomocysteinemia (10.9% vs. 3.9%) were all significantly higher in the hypertensives compared with controls (all P < 0.05). The hypertension group had higher rates of overweight (63.7% vs. 29.5%), family history of early coronary heart disease (15.2% vs. 5.5%), smoking (5.5% vs. 4.3%), menopause (4.7% vs. 1.7%), and type 2 diabetes (24.2% vs. 8.9%) compared with the control group (all P < 0.05). Double branch lesions of coronary artery in hypertension and control groups were 14.1% and 5.7%, respectively (P < 0.05). Further, hypertensive patients with ACS had higher number (1.67 ± 1.05 vs. 1.41 ± 0.85) and longer (24.44 ± 6.97 vs. 22.85 ± 7.80 mm) stents implantation than the control group (P < 0.05). Conclusions Hypertension is the main risk factor of ACS in young women in northern China. Young women with hypertension have more risk factors for atherosclerotic cardiovascular disease.