Pretreated Cotton Fabric Research Articles

Eco-friendly dyeing of cotton with natural colorants using natural mordants obtained from aloe vera

Due to sustainable and green processing requirements from buyers, the researchers are working on natural dyes to dye textile materials. In this study, cotton fabric was successfully dyed with a natural colorant which was extracted from black tea, and aloe vera was used as a natural mordant to enhance the fixation of natural dyes. The aqueous extraction method was used to extract colorant from black tea powder in a water bath at the temperature of 85–95 °C for 60 min. Three mordanting techniques were applied for cotton dyeing by changing parameters such as dye concentration (2, 4, 8 % o.w.f) and mordant concentration (20, 40, and 60 g/L). Pretreated cotton fabric was dyed on a high-temperature (HT) dyeing machine at 80 °C for 40 min at pH 5.5. The dyed cotton samples were analyzed for color strength (K/S), colorfastness, and antibacterial assessment (qualitative) using standard test protocols. The results showed that the maximum color strength value was achieved with 8 % dye and 60 g/L mordant using pre mordanting method. The dyed fabrics revealed excellent colorfastness to washing, whereas the color fastness to light, perspiration, and crocking was satisfactory. The antibacterial property of the dyed fabric was also satisfactory which is confirmed by no colonial growth on or below the samples. In a nutshell, this study presented an ecofriendly approach using black tea leaves and aloe vera contributing to green and sustainable production.

Visible-light-driven Au/PCN-224/Cu(II) modified fabric with enhanced photocatalytic antibacterial and degradation activity and mechanism insight

The development of novel photocatalytic platform for efficient water purification and sterilization is of utmost importance due to the significant threat of chronic diseases resulting from water pollution and bacterial contamination. Herein, a high-efficiency, easy-recyclable, and environment-friendly photocatalytic fabric was developed as a water disinfection and organic pollutant degradation platform. In which, microamounts of Au nanoparticles (2 wt%) and Cu(II) clusters (2.5 wt%) co-decorated porphyrinic MOF (Au/PCN-224/Cu(II)) coating was applied as photocatalytic surface, and flexible cotton fabric served as stable support. Au/PCN-224/Cu(II) composite photocatalyst was prepared via a facile photo-deposition procedure followed by impregnation method, and further immobilized onto polydopamine (PDA) pre-treated cotton fabric through catechol-amine reaction. The fabricated photocatalytic platform exhibited excellent ability to generate reactive oxygen species (ROS) by multiple routes under low-power visible light irradiation, and achieved efficient photodisinfection effects for causative organism including Gram-negative Escherichia coli (E. coli) and Gram-positive Staphylococcus aureus (S. aureus) without the obvious leakage of metal ions from the potocatalyst during the reaction. Additionally, the reaction rate constant for organic dye MB photodegradation achieved by Au/PCN-224/Cu(II)@Fabric was 3.73 times higher than that of PCN-224@Fabric, and the degradation intermediates analysis was also conducted. The band alignments of PCN-224, Au/PCN-224, Au/PCN-224/Cu(II) photocatalysts were determined, and the charge transfer mechanism within Au/PCN-224/Cu(II) photocatalyst was elucidated through the utilization of DRS, Mott − Schottky, ESR, EIS, and photocurrent analyses. It is suggested that the deposition of Au and doping of Cu(II) both with small amounts enhanced the light absorption capacity, and also improved the charge separation ability through the surface plasmon resonance (SPR) effect and interfacial electron transfer (IFCT) mechanism. Moreover, Au SPR and Cu doping exhibited a substantial enhancement in photothermal conversion effect, thereby synergistically reinforcing the sterilization performance. This work provides an approach for the development of effective photocatalytic platform based on porphyrinic MOFs combined with trace metal co-catalysts in the application of water disinfection and purification.

Preparation and properties of cotton fabrics dyed by Aronia (Aronia melanocarpa) extract and chitosan

Naturally occurring compounds can be utilized as coloring and finishing agents in environmentally friendly textile products. Aronia melanocarpa (Aronia) fruits (berries) are rich in bioactive compounds such as various form of polyphenolic compounds showing antibacterial and antioxidant, and thus numerous studies have been actively conducted on Aronia berry extract (AE) in recent years. However, most natural compounds including pigments exhibit inferior fixation and fastness when applied to cellulosic fibers. Therefore, in this study, coloring and functional compounds were extracted from Aronia berries and applied with or without chitosan to cotton fabrics to improve dyeability and functionality. The cotton fabrics were treated as follows: dyed with an AE single aqueous solution; dyed with an AE–chitosan mixture; and dyed with AE after being pretreated with a chitosan solution. Cotton fabrics dyed with AE and/or chitosan were investigated for their coloring properties and functionality, such as antibacterial properties and antioxidant capacity. It was proven that AE can be used to dye chitosan pretreated cotton fabrics, obtaining good color properties. Moreover, the cotton fabrics dyed with AE after chitosan pretreatment completely inhibited the growth of bacteria (> 99.9%) and exhibited antioxidant properties.

Fabrication of multifunctional cotton fabrics dyed with Coptis chinensis extract

Low dye exhaustion and poor colorfastness of cotton fabrics dyed with natural dyes were the inevitable issues, which may potentially limit their application in textile industries. Hence, there is great demand for improving dyeing performance of natural dyes to expand their application. This work presents a facile and efficient way to improve dye exhaustion and color fastness of cotton fabrics dyed with Coptis chinensis ( C. chinensis ) extract through fabric pretreatment and aftertreatment processes. The cotton fabrics were firstly treated with critic acid (CA) to increase their capacity of anionic sites. Enhanced effect of water repellent agent as the aftertreatment chemical, which was applied to improve washing fastness of dyed fabrics, was evaluated. The color characteristics, color fastness and functionalities of dyed fabrics were also assessed. The results indicated that pretreated cotton fabrics displayed higher color strength than the untreated fabrics. Additionally, the dyed fabrics treated with water repellent agents showed better washing fastness. The antibacterial activity of dyed fabric was increased up to 98% and the ultraviolet protection factor (UPF) value reached 349.69. What’s more, the dyed fabrics also exhibited excellent wrinkle resistance and waterproof property. The integration of antibacterial, antiultraviolet, antiwrinkle and waterproof properties in the cotton fabrics dyed with C. chinensis extract was a meaningful achievement, which exhibited great potential application in medical textile and garment. • Simultaneous dyeing and functional finishing were achieved by using C. chinensis extract. • Pretreatment of cotton fabrics with CA was beneficial for enhancing color strength. • Aftertreatment of dyed cotton fabrics with water repellent agent improve washing colorfastness. • The dyed cotton fabrics exhibit excellent multifunctional properties.

Sustainable antibacterial cotton fabrics with in situ formed silver nanoparticles by bio-inkjet printing

A green digital printing process and innovative pretreatment combination endow sustainable, non-toxic, economical, and eco-friendly antimicrobial products. A sustainable inkjet printing technique was developed herein to fabricate antimicrobial cotton fabrics with enhanced wash-fastness properties in situ bio-synthesized with silver nanoparticles using an aqueous solution. The silver salt precursor was used to form silver nanoparticles by sustainable inkjet printing deposition. Silver salt could be dissolved in water to form green aqueous ink solutions, to eliminate nozzle clogging and simplify the deposition process. Before printing, the cotton fabrics were pretreated with biodegradable natural carbohydrate polymers, sodium alginate, and aloe vera, in concentrations of 15 g, 25 g and 30 g acting as bio-reducing agents. The formulated ink was printed via a digital printing process repeatedly to fabricate in situ biosynthesized silver nanoparticles. Green antimicrobial cotton fabrics appeared resistant to S. aureus, E. coli and C. albicans by consecutive bio-printings. Pretreating cotton fabric with sodium alginate induced higher antimicrobial properties and wash-fastness with respect to the aloe vera pretreated ones. The inhibition zone of inkjet-printed pretreated cotton fabric with sodium alginate increased from 14 mm for one layer to 17 mm for ten layers against S. aureus without yellowing on cotton fabric.

Rapid dipping preparation of superhydrophobic TiO2 cotton fabric for multifunctional highly efficient oil-water separation and photocatalytic degradation

In past decades, the frequent emergence of offshore oil accidents and the increasing of soluble pollutants have caused enormous damage to the ecosystem. It is urgent to develop efficient oil-water separation and water purification materials. In this work, a superhydrophobic material on the pretreated cotton fabric is prepared by simple immersion in TiO2 nanoparticles and stearic acid solution. The resultant composited fabrics not only exhibited considerable superhydrophobicity with a water static contact angle of 157.3° and a water shedding angle of 5° favorable for oil-water separation, but also achieved the excellent photocatalytic activity by the degradation of water-soluble pollutants under visible light irradiation. The degradation efficiency could reach 98.4% within 60 min under visible light irradiation. Additionally, the coated cotton fabrics have excellent self-cleaning and stain resistance properties. After more than ten-cycles tests, the composited fabrics still maintain favorable performance of oil-water separation and photocatalytic degradation, which proves the excellent reusability. In the light of the outstanding predominance of the multifunction cotton fabrics, this simple, cost-effective, environmentally friendly and suitable for large-scale production strategy can boost the development of multipurpose superwetting materials, providing great tantalizing potential for oily wastewater efficient purification and environmental remediation.

Usage of UV-Curable Soybean Oil Based Coating Formulations for Pretreated Cotton Fabrics

This study aims to design an alternative way for the laminated fabric manufacturing with a cleaner production method, by using a bio-based coating formulation and time/cost saving, environmentally friendly UV-curing technology, compared to the conventional petroleum based, heat and solvent requiring laminating process. For this purpose, acrylated epoxidized soybean oil oligomer was synthesized and included in coating formulations for the application on cotton fabrics via UV-curing. The obtained oligomer was characterized by FTIR and 1H NMR spectroscopies. In order to enhance the bonding between the fabric and coating layer, fabrics were pretreated by sodium hydroxide, pectinase enzyme, and a commercial washing agent prior to the coating process. The effects of pretreatment methods on the wettability, tensile and peel strength, and abrasion resistance of the fabrics were all examined before/after coating process. Enzyme pretreatment revealed promising results by increasing the surface roughness, fibrillation, and hydrophilicity of the cotton fabrics.

Antibacterial and qualitative phytochemical analysis of Giloy extract for application of herbal finish on cotton fabric

The current study was planned to prepare antibacterial finish for grey cotton fabric using Giloy stem extract for healthcare applications. The selected grey cotton fabric was pretreated prior to application of the extract. For the extraction of the herb, maceration process was employed and the solution prepared was further subjected to soxhlet extraction to congeal the extract. Giloy extract was assessed for its phytochemical and antibacterial properties, to find out the bioactive components responsible for such activity. The application of the extract was carried out on pretreated cotton fabric using exhaust and pad dry cure methods (5 g/L). The treated fabric was assessed for its efficacy against the selected bacterium (Pseudomonas aeruginosa) using AATCC-100 Test method employing Agar well diffusion method. It is discernible from the results of the study that there was good antibacterial activity of Giloy stem extract treated fabric against Pseudomonas aeruginosa which was determined on the basis of zone of inhibition. It was also found that the finish nearly retained upto ten wash cycles and can be used for medical purposes.

Eco-Friendly Dyeing of Pretreated Cotton Fabric Using a Natural Dye Extract from Erythrina abyssinica

ABSTRACT The increasing awareness of toxicity of synthetic dyes has considerably raised the demand for natural dyes. Retaining color fastness and strength of natural dyes on fabric is the main limitation in textile dyeing with natural dyes. In this study cotton fabric was pre-treated with aqueous tannic acid in order to enhance the fabric’s color fastness and strength of the natural dye. The untreated, treated and dyed cotton were characterized using Fourier-Transform Infrared spectroscopic analysis to confirm the modification of the cellulosic fiber. Different solvents were used to extract dye from Erythrina abyssinica plant and subjected to phytochemical quantification then used to dye cotton. The new FTIR peaks at 2646 cm−1and 1578 cm−1, which correspond to carbonyl (C=O) stretching mode and C=C stretching mode for aromatic ring, respectively, confirmed the modification and dyeing due to the attachment of the aromatic dye molecules to the cellulose structure. It was noted that modification of cellulose structure enhanced color strength and fastness. Mordanting with alum and ferrous sulfate using different methods formed variety of shades that ranged between light yellow to greenish yellow. Therefore, Erythrina abyssinica plant can be used as a source of natural dye for dyeing cotton fabric.

Ultrasonic biosynthesis of TiO2 nanoparticles for improved self-cleaning and wettability coating of DBD plasma pre-treated cotton fabric

Ultrasonic biosynthesis of TiO2 nanoparticles for improved self-cleaning and wettability coating of DBD plasma pre-treated cotton fabric

Eco-friendly Dyeing Using Hematoxylin Natural Dye for Pretreated Cotton Fabric to Enhance Its Functional Properties

This study presents an environmentally benign bioactive dyeing and finishing of bio-mordanting cotton fabric via hematoxylin dye extracted from Haematoxylum Campechianum L. medicinal tree. A facile approach to fabricate bio-mordanting cotton fabrics based on gelatine and aloe vera for sustainable green dyeing with hematoxylin dye to achieve a wide range of functional properties and environmental benefits was explored. Optimization of dyeing conditions in terms of salt concentration and pH was conducted. Also, build-up properties and fastness characterization haswere studied in the presence and absence of bio-mordants. The natural functional groups of the dye extract were investigated by FTIR spectral analysis. The results reflect the success of bio-mordant chemical modification and mechanism for dyeing process in the course of increasing K/S values associated with improving colorfastness to washing and light as compared to unmordant fabric. All the dyed bio-mordanting fabrics in this work showed great potential value-adding applications in terms of excellent UV protection, antioxidant activity, and high antibacterial activity. The outcomes of this study deal to have implications to the eco-textile green dyeing for the achievement of healthy and sustainable environment applications.

Kinetics of Reactive Dyed Pretreated Cotton Fabrics With and without using Salt

Most of the cotton fabrics at present are dyeing using reactive dyes which requires large quantities of salt, further produce large amount of effluent load to the environment in the form of more salinity in the effluent water along with other pollutants. In order to reduce the salinity in the waste water lot of investigations were carried out. Cotton fabrics pretreated with chitosan were dyed with reactive dyes. Pretreated samples were dyed without using salt as an electrpolyte. The influence of pretreatment on kinetics in dye bath i.e rate of dye particle movement towards the fabric, wash fastness, rubbing fastness was determined. The results of this study shows that the pretreatment of cotton with chitosan increases dye uptake and shows good fastness to washing and rubbing same as that of conventional way of dyed samples. It was determined that chitosan was effective cross linking agent in salt-free dyeing of cotton fabrics.

Improving the Dyeability of Gelatin Pretreated Cotton Fabrics Dyeing with Cochineal in Ethanol-Water Mixture

Improving the Dyeability of Gelatin Pretreated Cotton Fabrics Dyeing with Cochineal in Ethanol-Water Mixture

Sodium tri-polyphosphate in combination with pomegranate rind extracts as a novel fire-retardant composition for cellulosic polymer

For the first time, a mixed formulation of the sodium tri-polyphosphate (STPP) and the pomegranate rind extract (PRE) has been imparted to the cotton fabric to make it flame-retardant. It was found that the control, 3% STPP and PRE-treated cotton fabric showed the limiting oxygen index (LOI) value of 18, 21 and 26%, respectively, and completely burnt within 80, 120 and 420 s, respectively, in the vertical flammability test. On the contrary, (PRE + 2% STPP)-treated cotton fabric showed the LOI value of 35% with a specific char length of 30 mm. Thermo-gravimetric analysis of the control, PRE- and the 3% STPP-treated cotton fabric showed only 1–2% remaining char mass at 550 °C, whereas the (PRE + 3% STPP)-treated fabric registered the char mass retention of more than 10% at the said temperature. Cone calorimetric data showed that the peak heat release rate for the treated fabric has been reduced dramatically compared to the heat release value of the control cotton fabric.

Feasibility study on the reuse of waste alkali from rayon manufacturing process for cotton fabric pretreatment

The feasibility of reuse waste alkali solution from rayon manufacturing process to replace solid sodium hydroxide for cotton fabric one-bath-one-step pretreatment had been investigated. Under alkaline condition, hydrogen peroxide decomposition rate could be accelerated by a little amount of cobalt chloride. To obtain a similar decomposition value of hydrogen peroxide, the required temperature for waste alkali solution was lower than that of solid sodium hydroxide, and the lower value is about 10°C. The pretreatment temperature could be reduced by 15°C when waste alkali solution was used as alkali agent to replace solid sodium hydroxide, while the treatment conditions should be strictly controlled to diminish fiber damage. According to the demands of dyeing and printing products, a desired pretreated cotton fabric could be successfully prepared when the alkali waste from rayon manufacturing process was used as substitute for solid sodium hydroxide in one-bath-one-step pretreatment of cotton fabric.

Preparation and properties of electro-conductive fabrics based on polypyrrole: covalent vs. non-covalent attachment

Electro-conductive fabrics were prepared via in situ oxidative polymerization of pyrrole (Py) in the presence of unmodified and chemically modified cotton fabrics. Chemical modification of cotton fabric was achieved by covalent attachment of a bifunctional linker molecule to the surface of the fabric, followed by incorporation of a monomer unit onto the linker. The fabrics were characterized using Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy, X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy, scanning electron spectroscopy, and thermal analysis. Furthermore, the effect of Py concentration on the degree of polypyrrole (PPy) grafting, surface morphology, electrical resistivity, and laundering durability were studied for both types of cotton fabrics. Reductions of several orders of magnitude in surface and volume electrical resistivities were observed for both non-covalently and covalently linked cotton-PPy systems, whereas the effect of covalent pre-treatment of the fabric was stronger at low Py concentration. On the other hand, at higher monomer concentration, the electrical properties and laundering durability of the fabrics we comparable for both unmodified and chemically pre-treated cotton fabrics, indicating that only a small fraction of PPy chains were chemically grafted onto the fabric surface with the majority of the polymer being connected to the fabric through hydrogen bonds.

Production of bioethanol from pre-treated cotton fabrics and waste cotton materials

This study highlights the potential of cotton fabric as a promising feedstock for the production of bioethanol as renewable biofuel. The effect of corona pre-treatment of non-mercerized and mercerized cotton fabrics on glucose and ethanol yield is discussed. Fermentation kinetics for ethanol production and the basic process parameters were assessed and compared. Corona pre-treatment of cotton fabrics led to an increase in the glucose yield (compared to control sample) during enzymatic hydrolysis, and consequently the ethanol yield during fermentation by yeast Saccharomyces cerevisiae var. ellipsoideus. The system with mercerized cotton fabric was found to be superior obtaining an ethanol productivity of 0.900g/Lh and ethanol yield of 0.94g/g (based on glucose) after 6h of fermentation time. The similar results were obtained during processing of waste cotton materials performed under the same process conditions.The obtained results showed that cotton fabric could become an alternative feedstock for the bioethanol production. For potential industrial implementation the waste mercerized cotton scraps would be the materials of choice.

Effects of reductive stripping of reactive dyes on the quality of cotton fabric

AbstractSome common problems of textile dyeing industries include uneven or faulty dyeing and formation of color patches on the fabric surface during dyeing and downstream processing of textiles materials. Such problems in the finished quality of fabric are generally tackled through a chemical stripping process which is a common practice in dyeing industries for the deep shade batches. However, reactive dyes cannot be stripped satisfactorily from cellulosic materials due to the formation of co-valent bonds between dye and fiber. This research was undertaken using 2.5% and 5% bi-hetero reactive dyes on pretreated cotton fabric and dye stripping was carried out in alkali reductive stripping process. The aim of the work was to investigate the effects of dye stripping on the quality of cotton fabric. Strength loss, weight loss, pilling resistance and absorbency of stripped fabric were calculated. Though with the increase of concentration of stripping chemicals and temperature, stripping percentages were improved; processing damage to the fabric such as losses in strength, weight and pilling resistance ratings was found. In contrast, increased fabric absorbency was found due to stripping. This is explained that during stripping, alkaline solution as an intracrystalline swelling agent is effective in loosening the crystalline region of cotton in addition to the amorphous region. Stripping agent can also attack such crystalline region. As a result, cotton fiber can release maximum number of hydroxyl groups which previously formed covalent bonds. This is the reason behind the stripped fabric having more water absorbency.

Development of antibacterial cellulosic fabric via clean impregnation of silver nanoparticles

In the present study, we investigate single bath fabrication and impregnation of silver nanoparticles (SNPs) on enzymatic pretreated cotton fabric by using starch both as reducing as well as stabilizing agent under the autoclave conditions of 103.42 kPa, 121 °C for 15 min. The SNPs were characterized using UV–visible (UV–vis) spectroscopy, zetasizer nano and transmission electron microscopy. The UV–vis absorption spectra showed typical absorption peaks at ∼420 nm corresponding to the surface plasmon resonance of SNPs. The hydrodynamic diameter of SNPs was as smaller as 20 nm with their respective zeta potential of −43.20 mV. Both scanning electron and atomic force microscopic analyses revealed that the surface of the treated cotton fabric was rougher than that of untreated fabric, and the SNPs were present on the surface of the treated fabric. Silver mapping and elemental analysis of the treated cotton fabric using energy dispersive X-ray spectroscopy confirmed the presence of SNPs in a homogeneous distribution. The textile properties of the fabric including wettability, whiteness, tensile strength and antibacterial activity were measured by using the standard methods. The SNPs impregnated cotton fabrics showed good durable antibacterial activity against Escherichia coli and Staphylococcus aureus strains.

Enhancement of antimicrobial efficacy of neem oil vapour treated cotton fabric by plasma pretreatment

This paper deals with the study on the reaction between DC air plasma treated cotton cellulose and bioactive compounds present in the neem oil vapour. Untreated cotton fabric (control) and DC air plasma pretreated cotton fabric were exposed to neem oil vapour to impart antimicrobial activity, and the process parameters such as temperature and treatment time were optimised to obtain the maximum antimicrobial activity. Gas chromatography–mass spectrometry analysis was carried out to identify the bioactive compounds present in neem oil vapour. The effect of plasma treatment in modifying the fabric surface was explored by analysing the changes in the cellulose structure, crystallinity and morphology of fabric surface using attenuated total reflection–Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (ATR-FTIR) spectra, X-ray diffractogram and scanning electron microscopy (SEM) micrographs. The reaction between cellulose and bioactive compound present in neem oil vapour was analysed using the ATR-FTIR spectra. The change in morphology after treatment with neem oil vapour was analysed using SEM micrographs.