Pre-test Stage Research Articles

The efficacy of cognitive–behavioural play therapy and puppet play therapy on bilingual children’s expressive, receptive language disorders

ABSTRACT The present study examines the effectiveness of play therapy (based on the cognitive–behavioural approach) and puppet play therapy in expressive\\ receptive language disorders of the studied population. Here, we imported 45 female bilingual preschool children to our research. Their expressive\\ receptive language disorders have been approved previously based on our criteria and randomly divided into two experimental and control groups. In the pre-test stages, all participants completed The language development test (TOLD3) to evaluate expressive\\ receptive language disorders. During the intervention, the experimental groups received the educational play therapy programme and puppet play therapy, while the control group did not receive any intervention. After the intervention, all groups were examined again in the post-test stages. Our findings demonstrated that cognitive–behavioural play therapy is more significantly effective than puppet play therapy in improving expressive \\ receptive language disorders.

Perancangan Interactive Puppets Edukasi Diskriminasi pada Anak 10-12 Tahun

Discrimination is a problem that is still often found in society, especially among children. Children still cannot distinguish between right and wrong treatment regarding the actions and words they do and say. This design was created to educate children through interactive learning media so they do not behave discriminatorily. This design uses several research methods, namely existing studies, literature studies, observation, in-depth interviews, and quantitative data collection in the form of questionnaires. The data will be processed at the experimental study stage, pre-test, and user testing stages. This method was carried out to obtain child behaviour, child psychology, and media data, which became a reference in this design. From the results of research and interviews that have been conducted, the output chosen as the primary media is a contemporary puppet. This media is designed to make learning more enjoyable. Children will be invited to participate in the stories being told and be able to interact freely with the stories as well as supporting media in the form of interactive guidebooks as references and instructions from the leading media. Through this media, it is hoped that it can educate children to respect and love themselves and others, respect differences, and prevent them from discriminating against others.

Effect of Peer Group Support Educational Intervention on the HgA1c Level and Self-care Behaviors of Adolescents with Type 1 Diabetes Referred to Zahedan Diabetes Clinics

Background: Diabetes is a chronic and costly disease that is very common in adolescents. Improving self-care behaviors will be a motivation to continue treatment. On the other hand, peer support and education have been used as an effective method in reducing behavioral and attitudinal disorders caused by chronic diseases. Objectives: Determining the effect of peer group support educational intervention on the HgA1C level and self-care behaviors of adolescents with type 1 diabetes. Methods: This quasi-experimental research was conducted on adolescents aged 11-18 years with type 1 diabetes who were referred to the Diabetes Clinic in Zahedan city, Iran, in 2019. A total of 189 samples were included in the study using the convenience sampling method and were randomly assigned to two intervention groups and one control group (63 people in each group). The researcher used two methods of educational intervention, including peer support intervention and individual training by the researcher. Individuals in the intervention groups were subjected to separate educational interventions during 4 sessions of 60 minutes, one session every week. The control group received routine care. Demographic information, self-care behaviors, and HbA1c questionnaires were completed and recorded before, immediately, and 2 months after the end of the intervention. The data were analyzed using the Shapiro-Wilk test, chi-square test, repeated measures analysis of variance, one-way analysis of variance, and Bonferroni post hoc test using the SPSS version 26 software. The significance level of the tests was considered 0.05. Results: Peer support training significantly improved self-care behavior (P < 0.001) and decreased HbA1c level (P < 0.001) in the intervention group compared to the control group. Moreover, in the intervention group, the self-care score and HbA1c level were significantly different between the pre-test, post-test, and follow-up stages (P < 0.001). The permanence of the effect of peer education in the follow-up phase was not confirmed for the variables self-care (P < 0.001) and HbA1c (P < 0.001). Conclusions: Our findings showed that using peer groups and the experiences of similar people as educators can improve self-care behaviors and also record lower average glycosylated hemoglobin in type 1 diabetic patients. Therefore, it is recommended that peer support training be used as an effective method in diabetes and other chronic diseases.

Improving the Standard of Living and Health Status of the RW 07 Community Through Health Education

Efforts are made in realizing the highest degree of public health as one of the investments for the development of productive human resources. Given some health problems that occur in society today such as hypertension and rheumatism. The purpose of this community service is to increase public knowledge about hypertension, rheumatism, and healthy living. The method used in this service is by using counseling, pre-test and post-test methods. There are several stages used in this activity, namely the pre-test stage, medical examination, counseling, and continued with the post test. The results obtained from this activity, namely from the results of the pre-test and post-test that have been carried out, it can be seen that the influence of education on knowledge and attitudes about hypertension and rheumatism as well as a balanced nutritional diet is very significant in order to improve the degree of health of the community in RW 07 tile village. The conclusion of this activity is that this community service activity has a very good impact on the community.

An innovative approach in physical education: Exploring the impact of interactive virtual reality on motor skills

Background Problems: Recent advancements in virtual reality (VR) technology have expanded its practical application in enhancing physical activity and motor skill acquisition among children. Research Objectives: This study aims to investigate the impact of interactive virtual reality software on the motor skills of 11- to 12-year-old elementary school children. Methods: Employing a quantitative approach with quasi-experimental methods, the research was conducted on 34 students from Lontar 481 Public Elementary School in Surabaya, selected through purposive sampling. The instruments used in the physical education learning process using virtual reality media include pre-test and post-test stages, which combine understanding of motor skills, practice, and evaluation by the teacher based on the correctness, fluency, and completeness of student actions. The procedure involved the treatment of experimental group subjects using virtual reality for 40 minutes in the control group, which was carried out conventionally. It was analysed using SPSS via a t-test, and the significance level was set at P < 0.05. Findings/Results: These findings showed a significant positive impact of virtual reality technology on students' motor development and confidence in performing movements, compared to the control group who underwent traditional learning. Conclusion: Research shows that utilising virtual reality programmes increases students' confidence in learning physical activities, especially for those at lower performance levels. The novelty of this research lies in its demonstration of virtual reality's capacity to improve children's motor competence in the context of physical education. Overall, the findings of this study contribute to physical activity and motor skills regarding the use of virtual reality media for elementary school children.

The Effectiveness of Schema Therapy on Anger Management and Rumination in Married Women with High Marital Dissatisfaction

Objective: The present study was conducted with the aim of examining the effectiveness of schema therapy on anger management and rumination in married women with high marital dissatisfaction. Methods: This study employed a quasi-experimental design, utilizing a pretest-posttest control group with baseline assessment, post-intervention, and three-month follow-up measurements. A total of 30 married women with high marital dissatisfaction, who attended couples therapy clinics in the western part of Tehran between April and July 2022, were selected based on inclusion criteria and their willingness to participate in the research (with written informed consent obtained). These participants were randomly assigned to either the experimental group (schema therapy; n=15) or the control group (n=15) using random allocation. All participants completed the Anger Control Scale and Rumination Questionnaire at three stages of measurement. The therapy sessions were conducted in a group format over eight sessions, each lasting 1 to 1.5 hours, according to the schema therapy protocol. The hypotheses regarding the effectiveness of the intervention were analyzed using repeated measures analysis of variance (ANOVA). Findings: The results of this study indicated that there was no significant difference in the mean variables of anger management and rumination between the two groups at the pretest stage, suggesting the homogeneity of the research groups at this stage. However, there were significant differences between the two groups at the posttest and follow-up stages, indicating the effectiveness of the intervention on the mentioned variables and the persistence of its effects at the follow-up stage. A comparison between the experimental and control groups also revealed significant differences in the components of anger management and rumination. Conclusion: The results of this study suggest that the aforementioned therapy can be utilized as a psychological intervention to improve anger management and rumination in married women with high marital dissatisfaction.

Contribution of an instructional module incorporating PhET simulations to Rwandan students' knowledge of chemical reactions, acids, and bases through social interactions

The current study ascertained the influence an instructional module had on enhancing students’ understanding of chemical reactions and acid–base topics. The sample size for this study consisted of 197 students, including 101 in an “experimental” group and 96 in a “control” group, selected from schools in two Districts (Rwamagana and Musanze) in Rwanda, Africa. The experimental and control groups received a pre-test and post-test to collect data. In addition, focus group discussions (FGDs) were conducted with students in the experimental group. Further, a test question analysis was used to evaluate the students’ content knowledge of chemical reactions and acids, bases, and pH. To analyze the research data, the Statistical Package for the Social Sciences (SPSS) software was used for quantitative analysis. The independent t-test results indicated no significant difference between the means of the control and experimental groups at the pre-test stage (df = 195, p = 0.380). At the post-test stage, a statistically significant increase was observed in the mean scores of the experimental group compared to the control group (df = 195, p < 0.001), showing that the intervention effectively improved student learning outcomes in chemistry education.

The Effectiveness of the Narrative-Based Acceptance and Commitment Counseling Package on Experiential Avoidance, Affective Capital and Desire to Divorce in Women on the Verge of Divorce

Objective: Divorce is the primary factor in the disintegration of the most fundamental social foundation, namely the family, which has detrimental effects on both spouses, especially women. Therefore, this study aimed to investigate the effectiveness of a narrative-focused Acceptance and Commitment Therapy (ACT) counseling package on experiential avoidance, affective capital, and the inclination towards divorce among women on the verge of divorce in Isfahan. Methods and Materials: The research method was a quasi-experimental design with a pre-test, post-test, control group, and a two-month follow-up phase, and the sampling method was voluntary. Accordingly, with coordination with counseling centers affiliated with the judiciary, among the volunteers who were willing to participate in the study and considering the inclusion and exclusion criteria, 30 individuals were randomly selected and then randomly assigned to three groups: experimental and control (each group consisting of 15 individuals). The experimental group received the treatment in eight 75-minute group sessions based on the package developed by the researcher. The control group, however, did not undergo any intervention. The research instruments at the pre-test, post-test, and follow-up stages included the Golparvar Affective Capital Questionnaire (2016), Acceptance and Action Questionnaire (Bond, 2011), and the Roosevelt et al.'s (1986) Divorce Proneness Scale. Findings: The results of the repeated measures ANOVA indicated that the narrative-focused ACT counseling package had a significant effect on experiential avoidance, affective capital, and the inclination towards divorce among women on the verge of divorce at the post-test stage (p < 0.05), and the effects of the counseling package were sustained at the follow-up stage (p < 0.05). Conclusion: Based on these findings, the narrative-focused ACT counseling package can be used as one of the treatments for improving psychological variables in women on the verge of divorce.

Comparison of the Effectiveness of Mindfulness-Based Cognitive-Behavioral Therapy with Emotion-Focused Therapy on Sensation Seeking in Adolescents with Internet Addiction

Objective: The present study aimed to compare the effectiveness of Mindfulness-Based Cognitive-Behavioral Therapy (MBCBT) and Emotion-Focused Therapy (EFT) on cognitive sensation seeking in adolescents with Internet addiction. Methods and Materials: This study was a pre-test, post-test, follow-up design with a control group. The population included adolescents with Internet addiction residing in Tehran, from which 45 eligible volunteers were selected using convenience sampling. Data were collected using Young's Internet Addiction Test (Young, 1996), and Zuckerman's Sensation Seeking Scale (Zuckerman, 1978) at pre-test, post-test, and follow-up stages. Eight 90-minute sessions of MBCBT and eight 90-minute sessions of EFT were conducted for the experimental groups. Data were analyzed using repeated measures analysis of variance with Bonferroni post hoc tests using SPSS version 26. Findings: The results indicated that both MBCBT and EFT had a reducing effect on sensation seeking (p < .001). MBCBT and EFT showed a significant decrease over time in sensation seeking (p < .001). Conclusion: Based on the findings of the current study, there was no significant difference between MBCBT and EFT in reducing sensation seeking among adolescents with Internet addiction.

Increasing the tolerance of mothers with children with autism: the effectiveness of cognitive therapy based on mindfulness - experimental research.

Autism spectrum disorder significantly impacts the life and psychosocial health of the family, resulting in high levels of anxiety, stress, isolation, and indecisiveness among parents. This study aimed to determine the effectiveness of cognitive therapy based on mindfulness in increasing the tolerance of mothers of children with autism. The study used a semi-experimental pre-test-post-test design with a control group. The study population comprised mothers referred to autism centers in Tehran. Eighty mothers were randomly divided into two groups, with 40 in each group. The Connor and Davidson Resilience Scale was used to measure the level of tolerance in both groups in the pre-test and post-test stages. The experimental group underwent cognitive therapy group therapy based on mindfulness, comprising eight sessions of 120min. On the other hand, the control group did not receive any intervention. The results of the study showed that the tolerance scores of the experimental group significantly increased after the intervention, in both the post-test and follow-up stages. Therefore, the results of this research emphasize the importance of using this intervention in increasing the tolerance of mothers of children with autism spectrum disorder and creating new horizons in the clinical interventions of these people.

The Effectiveness of Cognitive-Behavioral Therapy in Alleviating Symptoms of Love Trauma Syndrome in Female University Students

Objective: Love Trauma Syndrome encompasses a range of severe symptoms that emerge after the end of a romantic relationship and are sometimes accompanied by a spectrum of clinical conditions such as severe anxiety, depression, and substance use. Therefore, the present study aims to investigate the effectiveness of cognitive-behavioral therapy (CBT) on self-esteem, anxiety, and depression in female university students with a history of emotional breakup. Methods and Materials: This quasi-experimental research employed a pre-test, post-test, and follow-up design with a control group. The statistical population included all female students at Sari University who visited the counseling center in 2023. A purposive and convenience sampling method was used, selecting students who had a history of emotional breakup and were willing to participate voluntarily. A total of 30 eligible participants were randomly assigned to either the intervention or control group. Research instruments included the Love Trauma Inventory (LTI), Beck Depression Inventory-II (BDI-II), Rosenberg Self-Esteem Scale, and Beck Anxiety Inventory, all of which were completed by both groups in the pre-test, post-test, and follow-up stages. Data were analyzed using SPSS.22 software, and multivariate and univariate covariance analyses were conducted. Findings: The results indicated that cognitive-behavioral therapy was effective in improving symptoms of Love Trauma Syndrome (F = 230.28, P < 0.001), self-esteem (F = 134.18, P < 0.001), anxiety (F = 136.51, P < 0.001), and depression (F = 715.32, P < 0.001) in female university students, with these results being sustained through the follow-up period. Conclusion: It can be concluded that cognitive-behavioral therapy is effective in reducing the symptoms of Love Trauma Syndrome, decreasing anxiety and depression, and increasing self-esteem.

Determining the Effectiveness of Positive Psychology on Resilience and Depression Among Master's Students at Payame Noor University of Karaj

Objective: The aim of this research was to determine the effectiveness of positive psychology on resilience and depression among master's students at Payame Noor University of Karaj. Methods and Materials: This study employed an experimental methodology with a quasi-experimental design, specifically a pretest-posttest with a control group. The statistical population comprised all master's students at Payame Noor University of Karaj. The sample size was considered to be 30 individuals. Data collection methods included both library and field approaches. The data collection instruments used in this study were two standardized questionnaires: the Connor-Davidson Resilience Scale and the Beck Depression Inventory (1978), along with a protocol for group-based positive psychological training and guidance. The data were analyzed using the Statistical Package for the Social Sciences, version 21 (SPSS). Descriptive statistics, including mean and standard deviation, were used in the pretest and posttest stages. To assess the normality of the variables, the Kolmogorov-Smirnov test was employed, and to examine homogeneity of variances, Levene's test was used. Analysis of covariance (ANCOVA) was applied to compare the mean scores of the experimental and control groups and to account for the effect of pretest scores and other confounding variables on the posttest. Findings: The results indicated that positive psychology training had a significant impact on the resilience of the master's students at Payame Noor University of Karaj. Conclusion: In sum, positive psychology training improved the resilience and depression levels of the students, with a more pronounced effect on resilience compared to depression.

Improving Illness Perception Through Self-Care Behavior Training: A Randomized Controlled Trial

This study aimed to investigate the effects of Self-Care Behavior Training intervention on individuals' perception of illness by comparing experimental and control groups over time, with measurements taken at pre-test, post-test, and follow-up stages. The study involved a total of 40 participants, divided equally into experimental and control groups. Descriptive statistics were used to analyze the baseline characteristics of both groups. A mixed-design ANOVA was conducted to explore the effects of time (pre-test, post-test, follow-up), group (experimental, control), and their interaction on the perception of illness. The Bonferroni post-hoc test was applied to assess differences between individual time points for the experimental group. The experimental group showed a significant improvement in illness perception from pre-test to post-test (mean difference = 26.73, p=0.001) and maintained this improvement at follow-up (mean difference from pre-test = 27.74, p=0.001). There was no significant change between post-test and follow-up (mean difference = 1.01, p=1.00), indicating the intervention's lasting effect. The control group did not demonstrate significant changes over time. The ANOVA results confirmed significant effects of time (F=10.83, p<0.01), group (F=10.55, p<0.01), and their interaction (F=10.03, p<0.01) on illness perception. The intervention significantly improved the experimental group's perception of illness, with these improvements sustained over time. The control group's stable illness perception across all stages emphasizes the intervention's efficacy. These findings suggest that targeted interventions can effectively alter illness perceptions, which may have important implications for patient care and recovery processes.

The Impact of Art Therapy on Shyness and Social Skills in Students

Objective: The school, as a formal education system, plays a decisive role in the socialization of children. The purpose of this research was to investigate the impact of art therapy on shyness and social skills among male students in the city of Khormooj. Methods and Materials: This applied research, in terms of purpose, utilized an experimental design employing a pre-test post-test with a control group. The research population included all male students of Khormooj city in the academic year 2022-2023, from which 30 students were randomly selected and assigned to two groups: experimental (15 students) and control (15 students). The experimental group received an art therapy training program over eight sessions, while the control group was on a waitlist. The research instruments were the Gresham and Elliott (1990) Social Skills Questionnaire and the Samooei (2003) Shyness Questionnaire. The data from the pre-test and post-test stages were analyzed using multivariate analysis of covariance and SPSS software version 22. Findings: The results showed that art therapy significantly affects the shyness of students in Khormooj; it also significantly affects their social skills. All research findings were significant at the α=0.05 level. Conclusion: Students with communication problems experience numerous interpersonal issues while interacting with peers in the school environment and during play, leading to the emergence of negative behaviors such as shyness; therefore, it can be concluded from the research findings that art therapy is effective in improving social skills and reducing shyness in students.

Effectiveness of Dialectical Behavior Therapy-based Skill Training on Distress Tolerance, Emotional Cognitive Regulation, and Marital Quality of Life in Women with Recurrent Miscarriages

Objective: This study aimed to investigate the effectiveness of Dialectical Behavior Therapy (DBT)-based skill training on distress tolerance, emotional cognitive regulation, and marital quality of life in women with recurrent miscarriages. Methods: The population consisted of all women attending infertility clinics in Tehran during 2019-2020. A sample of 30 women was selected through convenience and purposive sampling based on inclusion and exclusion criteria, and randomly assigned to experimental and control groups (15 in each group). The instruments used in this study included: the Distress Tolerance Scale by Simons and Gaher (2005), Cognitive and Emotional Regulation Scale by Garnefski, Kraaij, and Spinhoven (2006), and Marital Quality of Life Scale by Fletcher, Simpson, and Thomas (2000). Repeated measures and a significance level of .05 were used for statistical analysis. Findings: The results showed significant differences in means between the two groups at pre-test, post-test, and follow-up stages, with significant improvements in distress tolerance, emotional cognitive regulation, and marital quality of life. The effect sizes of this treatment were 0.885, 0.910, and 0.983, respectively. Conclusion: Given the confirmed effectiveness of the treatment, it is recommended that these women receive psychological treatments in conjunction with medical treatments.

Comparing the Efficacy of a Specialized Package for Women with Body Dysmorphic Disorder and Schema Therapy on Perfectionism and Maladaptive Schemas in Women with Body Dysmorphic Disorder

Objective: This study aimed to compare the efficacy of a specialized package for women with body dysmorphic disorder and schema therapy on perfectionism and maladaptive schemas in women afflicted with body dysmorphic disorder. Methods: The research employed a quasi-experimental design with pre-test, post-test, and follow-up phases involving two experimental groups and one control group, conducted among women with body dysmorphic disorder visiting psychological centers in Isfahan in the first half of 2022. For this purpose, 45 women were selected by convenience and randomly assigned to two experimental groups and one control group. The first experimental group received the specialized package for women with body dysmorphic disorder (researcher-designed), and the second experimental group underwent schema therapy according to the protocol of Young and colleagues (2023) over ten 90-minute sessions, while the control group received no intervention. Participants completed the Perfectionism Questionnaire (1995) and Young's Schema Questionnaire (1998) at pre-test, post-test, and follow-up stages. Data were analyzed using repeated measures ANOVA with SPSS software. Findings: There were significant differences between the groups receiving the specialized package and schema therapy and the control group in terms of negative perfectionism and rejection schemas (p < .01). Additionally, there were differences between the group receiving the specialized package and the schema therapy group in terms of positive perfectionism, autonomy schemas, impaired performance, and impaired limits (p < .01), such that the specialized package had an effect on positive perfectionism, and schema therapy had an impact on autonomy schemas, impaired performance, and impaired limits (p < .05). Moreover, neither treatment had an effect on schemas of other-directedness and hypervigilance. Conclusion: Specialists are recommended to utilize both interventions to improve women with body dysmorphic disorder in terms of reducing negative perfectionism and rejection schemas, to use the specialized package for enhancing positive perfectionism, and to employ schema therapy for reducing autonomy schemas and impaired functioning and limits.

A Theoretical Study on College English Reading Teaching Based on SOLO Classification Theory

Abstract College English reading instruction represents a crucial component in enhancing students’ overall linguistic competencies. The advent of cognitive psychology has facilitated the application of the SOLO categorization theory as a novel approach to augmenting students’ proficiency in English reading. This study devises a teaching model tailored to college English reading based on the SOLO categorization theory and implements a systematic research design to evaluate its effectiveness. The efficacy of this model is assessed by comparing the changes in English reading learning attitudes, scores, and capabilities between an experimental group and a control group, using pre-and post-test results. The findings indicate that the mean difference in the English reading learning attitudes between the two groups expanded from 0.09 at the pre-test stage to 0.54 at the post-test stage. Moreover, the experimental group exhibited a substantially greater increase in English reading scores, with an improvement of 14.16, compared to 3.68 in the control group. In terms of English reading abilities, the experimental group outperformed the control group across four dimensions, with increases of 2.86, 1.04, 1.76, and 3.28, respectively. Overall, the university English reading teaching model grounded in SOLO classification theory significantly enhances students’ attitudes towards English reading and effectively boosts their reading achievements and capabilities.

Young athletes’ Physical Fitness Increases the Impact of Traditional Sport Intervention: 11 Weeks of Movement Experience

This study aims to investigate the effect of traditional sports in order to improve physical fitness of young athletes. Researchers adopted an 11-week randomized controlled trial design. Participants included young athletes from Sultan Ageng Tirtayasa University (Indonesia) who were allocated to TSG (n = 20) and CG (n = 20). Analysis of Students’ t-tests for paired samples used to test differences in physical fitness among males and females in two groups at the pre-test and post-test stages. The effect size test (Cohen’s d) was used in this research. The first findings showed that male participants in TSG had differences in physical fitness in the pre-test and post-test stages related to Multi-stage (p < 0.001, d = −2.17), Shuttle run: 4×10 meters (p < 0.001, d = 2.43), 30 meter run test (p < 0.001, d = 1.85) and sit and reach test (p = 0.002, d = −1.41), while male participants in CG had differences in physical fitness in terms of Shuttle run: 4 ×10 meters (p < 0.001, d = 1.69), Run test 30 meters (p < 0.001, d = 1.64), but no differences were found for other components. The second finding showed that female participants in TSG had differences in physical fitness in the pre-test and post-test stages related to Multi-stage (p < 0.001, d = −1.53), Shuttle run: 4×10 meters (p < 0.001, d = 2.76), 30 meter Run test (p < 0.001, d = 2.02) and Sit and reach test (p < 0 .001, d = −1.72), while the female participants in CG had differences in physical fitness in the 30 meter Run test (p < 0.001, d = 2.87), but no differences were found for the other components. In conclusion, this research proves that traditional sport for 11 weeks can improve the physical fitness of young athletes.

An English Placement Test at Three Different Periods: The Implementation and the Test Administrators’ Views

<p>This paper aims to explore the practice of an English placement test at one of the English education programs during three different testing periods (before the COVID-19 pandemic, during the pandemic, and after the pandemic). Further, the study sought to investigate the views of the test administrators, mainly focusing on the challenges they faced administering the test during the period mentioned. Using a qualitative case study approach, the researchers gathered the data from the results of observations and final reflections of the test administrators. The findings revealed that the placement test in three different periods applied similar three consecutive stages: the pre-testing stage, the testing day, and the post-testing stage. The goal of the test is also similar to that it is used to gauge the newly intake students entering TBIP. Rather than grouping students for specific classes, the placement test was conducted as a part of need analysis strategies to understand students’ English proficiency levels. While the placement tests before and after the pandemic have similarities, especially in preparation activities, the test format, and the test delivery, the placement test during COVID-19 differs. Despite those issues, the placement test administrators believed the test brought additional benefits. In addition to gauging the newly intake students’ English proficiency, the placement test was a way to start building positive relationships with students before meeting in an actual class. Hence, the test administrators have mixed feelings upon administering the placement test. Some final thoughts conclude the papers. </p>

PEMBERDAYAAN SANTRI SEBAGAI PEER EDUCATOR DALAM PERILAKU HIDUP BERSIH DAN SEHAT DI PONDOK PESANTREN IRSYADUL IBAD

Adolescence is a transition period from childhood to adulthood, this triggers the emergence of complex health problems in adolescents as a result of the risky behavior they engage in. Technological progress in the world is very rapid, including in Indonesia, with rapid technological developments, adolescent problems in Indonesia are also developing. There are positive things and also negative things in various big cities in Indonesia, around 20 to 30 percent of teenagers admit to having had sex. Youth Posyandu is a form of Community Resource Health Effort (UKBM) which is managed and organized by, by, for and with the community including teenagers in implementing health development to improve the health status and healthy living skills of teenagers. The aim of establishing adolescent health cadres is to provide a platform to facilitate adolescent health needs. The aim of this community service is to increase the role of teenagers in planning, implementation and evaluation, as well as creating a forum for coaching and understanding the importance of a healthy lifestyle. The method used is education about clean and healthy living behavior and training. This service was carried out at the Irsyadul Ibad Islamic boarding school with a target number of 35 students. Activities are carried out with a pre-test stage, an education and discussion implementation stage and an evaluation stage with a post-test. PkM activities with pre-test scores obtained with a comparison mean score between pre-test and post-test was 1.50. There were also 27 (76%) respondents whose knowledge increased, 6 (17%) respondents whose knowledge remained unchanged and 3 (7% ) respondents whose knowledge decreased. The results of the bivariate analysis test with the Wilcoxon T-Test on Pre-test and Post-Test respondents. The results of data testing show a p value = 0.000 <0.05, so it can be concluded statistically that there is a significant difference in knowledge between knowledge before and after training