Pre-test Results Research Articles

Development of Website-Based Teaching Materials to Improve Historical Understanding in History Learning for Class X Students of SMA Negeri 1 Rangkat

This research discusses the development of website-based teaching materials to improve understanding of history in history learning for class X students at SMA Negeri 1 Rangkat. The aim of this research is to determine the development of website-based teaching material design, determine the feasibility of developing website-based teaching materials, and understand history by using website-based teaching materials in history learning for class This research uses a Research and Development (RD) approach, namely an approach that produces and develops a physical product that has been tested for feasibility and effectiveness. Implementation of the RD approach using the PIE (Plan, Implement and Evaluate) development model. The results of this research show that the number of assessments given by media experts is 71 while the percentage obtained is 90% and the validation value is in the "Very Appropriate" category, the material expert assessment is 58 with the percentage obtained is 95.4% and is included in the "Very Good" category. Eligible", the validation score for the Pretest-Posttest questions by the teacher was 144 with a percentage of 96% so it was included in the "Very Appropriate" category and the students' understanding score after using the product was based on the results of the pre-test and post-test, the small group got a pre-test result of 29.1 and posttest 75. While the large group got pre-test results of 34.35 and post-test 76.45, there was an increase in scores after teaching and learning activities using website-based teaching materials and based on the results of pre-test and post-test participants' understanding students have reached the level of analysis.

E-training environment for developing Capstone teaching skills for STEM teachers in Egypt

The research investigated the efficacy of utilizing an e-training environment to enhance capstone teaching skills among STEM educators. Conducted at Obour STEM School, Cairo, Egypt, the study employed a quasi-experimental design with 27 randomly selected participants. Three instruments were utilized: a list of Capstone teaching skills, a pre-post achievement test, and an observation card assessing skill acquisition in two main fields: EDP Field and Process Management Field. These fields encompassed eight main skills, subdivided into 64 subskills. The researchers conducted pre- and post-testing, initially administering a 70-question pre-test followed by a month-long online training via Microsoft Teams. The training content aimed to address identified needs based on pre-test results. After the training, participants completed a post-test, which was repeated after another month. Results indicated a statistically significant difference (p<=0.05) between pre-test and post-achievement test scores, favoring the latter, suggesting improvement in Capstone teaching skills. Similarly, there was a significant difference (p<=0.05) between pre-test and post-observation card scores, indicating enhanced skill development. Conclusively, the study demonstrated the effectiveness of e-training, particularly employing the SOLE technique, in enhancing capstone teaching skills among STEM educators. Consequently, the researchers recommended the integration of e-training environments in STEM teacher development programs in Egypt.

PENGEMBANGAN MEDIA PEMBELAJARAN KARTU PINTAR BERBASIS VIDEO ANIMASI TIGA DIMENSI DENGAN PENGINTEGRASIAN KEARIFAN LOKAL UNTUK PENINGKATAN KOSAKATA BAHASA JAWA SISWA KELAS III SDN PETOMPON 01 SEMARANG

The use of Javanese vocabulary at SDN Petompon 01 Semarang was not optimal. This wasbecause children locked practice in speaking Javanese and also the use of learning media is stillminimal. Responding to this phenomenon, researchers developed smart card learning media basedon Three-Dimensional Animation Videos with the integration of local wisdom to fosterenthusiasm and increase the use of Javanese vocabulary in the school. The research was carriedout on 2 July - 24 August 2023 at SDN Pentompon 01 Semarang. This research used R&D(Research and Development) with a qualitative approach. The research population was allstudents in class IIIA at SDN Petompon 01 Semarang, totaling 16 students. Small group trialresearch sample testing was carried out in class IIIB using a purposive sampling technique bytaking 6 students based on class ranking, namely three students in the top rank, two students inthe middle rank, and one student in the bottom rank. Large group trials were carried out in ClassIIIA. The dependent variable of this research was increasing Javanese vocabulary, while theindependent variable is developing smart card learning media based on Three-DimensionalAnimation Videos with the integration of local wisdom. The data collection techniques used wereobservation, interviews, documentation, questionnaires and tests. The instruments used areobservation guidelines, interview guidelines, questionnaire sheets, and test questions. Productdata analysis techniques and initial data analysis consist of a normality test and homogeneity testas well as final data analysis consisting of the N-Gain Test and also the T-test. The researchresults showed that an average of 61 pretest results and posttest scores showed an increase in theaverage student score of 67.5333 with a percentage increase of 41% in the pretest results and 44%in the posttest results with details of 10 students who did not complete. and 6 students completedit so it can be concluded that three-dimensional animated video-based learning media is quitefeasible and effective for use in learning Javanese

Edukasi GEMBUS (Gerakan Makan Buah dan Sayur) untuk Siswa di SDN Mulyorejo I Surabaya

Abstract. A lack of fruit and vegetable intake can increase the risk of malnutrition and obesity, which contribute to the prevalence of non-communicable diseases such as coronary heart disease, stroke, hypertension, and diabetes mellitus. Among elementary school children, a significant factor is the lack of awareness about the importance of consuming these foods. The GEMBUS (Movement for Eating Fruits and Vegetables) educational activity conducted at SDN Mulyorejo I Surabaya used visual, audio, and audio-visual media to address the awareness issue regarding the importance of consuming fruits and vegetables. This activity targeted students from classes 5A and 6A during the 2022/2023 academic year, with a total of 71 students. The objective of the GEMBUS education was to increase knowledge about the importance of consuming fruits and vegetables. The Wilcoxon test was used to determine the difference between the pre-test and post-test results. With a p-value of 0.000 (α<0.05), the study concluded that the GEMBUS educational activity successfully achieved its goal of raising awareness about the importance of fruit and vegetable consumption among the target group.

Cloze Reading Strategy as Enrichment of Reading Comprehension Skills among Grade 5 Learners

The study aimed to enhance the reading comprehension skills of Grade Five pupils using Cloze Reading. The study used one group pre-test and post-test research design under pre-experimental. One section of Grade Five Pupils, composed of forty-two(42) pupils from Talisay Elementary School, contributed to the study. In gathering data, a modified pre-test and post-test by the researcher, depending on the learning needs and the desired outcome of the study, were the tools used. It comprises four variables: Sequencing of Events, Inferring, Noting Details and Identifying the Main Idea. The results of the pre-test and post-test scores of the respondents were manifested using figures for frequency, standard deviation, and mean percentage. To determine the difference between the pre-test and post-test scores of the respondents on reading comprehension, the hypothesis was unveiled through a 2-tailed t-test, and the hypothesis was tested at 0.05 level of significance. The study revealed significant findings that of the 42 respondents, all of them have improved reading comprehension, as shown in the results. The pretest showed that most respondents were categorized in the “Satisfactory” level and below in reading comprehension skills. In the post-test, it was reflected that all the respondents improved after utilizing the Cloze Reading. This is apparent in the increased number of learners above a satisfactory level. In addition, 100% of the respondents were leveled up to very satisfactory and outstanding. Nevertheless, all the respondents had positive movement as they improved their reading comprehension skills. The difference between the pre-test and post-test before and after the implementation of Cloze Reading is significant, as it is measured at 0.05. It implies a SIGNIFICANT DIFFERENCE between the pre-test and post-test results.

COGNITIVE ASSESSMENT: INTEGRATED GEOGRAPHY AND SIRAH ELEMENTS THROUGH GEOSIRAH LEARNING TOOL

Sirah provides a significant history and chronology of a specific narrative, which requires accurate comprehension and retention through the study of details such as dates, locations, and events. However, most students expressed an apathetic disposition and were prone to boredom when required to comprehend Sirah history through extended reading. The purpose of this study is to determine the understanding level of secondary school students in the Sirah subject, which incorporates geography elements through a GeoSirah learning tool version 2. By employing a quantitative method, a questionnaire form was distributed among 31 respondents from Sekolah Menengah Agama Nurul Islam, Kedah, and the cognitive improvement (knowledge (C1) and comprehension (C2) was assessed through the implementation of the pre-test and post-test methods. The data was analysed using descriptive analysis and a paired-sample t-test approach using SPSS software. The pre-test and post-test results demonstrated a positive impact, with a significant increase in the mean rate of 23.44%. This study concludes that the integration of geographical elements into Sirah learning through GeoSirah aid improves students' cognitive knowledge and comprehension of Sirah subjects, thereby enhancing their interest and enjoyment in the subject matter.

Application of Chain Writing Method to Improve Short Story Writing Skills in Grade VIII Students of SMP Negeri 16 Cimahi

This research aims to reveal the improvement in learning outcomes of short story texts using picture story books in class VIII students at SMP Negeri 16 Cimahi. The problem of this research is related to the use of the chain writing method in learning short story texts in class VIII of SMP Negeri 16 Cimahi. The research method used in this research is PTK (Classroom Action Research) or CAR (Classroom Action Research). Classroom Action Research is carried out in four stages, namely planning, implementing actions, observing and reflecting. This research was carried out at FFF Middle School, data collection techniques were carried out through direct observation in the classroom while teaching and learning activities were taking place. The results of the research show that there is an increase in student learning outcomes in learning short story texts using the chain fifth method. This is shown by an increase in the number of 31 students who took part in cycle I and cycle II. Each cycle experiences an increase in the pretest and posttest results. The increase in cycle I reached 19.35% and the increase in cycle II reached 51.3%. This increase made the writer feel that it was sufficient so that he did not continue with cycle III. In this way, the author concludes that picture story book media can improve the activities and learning outcomes of class VIII students at SMP Negeri 16 Cimahi.

Fostering Environmental Knowledge and Literacy with Natural Products Experiment Activity Worksheets

This research aims to improve student environmental knowledge and literacy with natural products experiment activity worksheets. The methods used in this research are pre-experimental. The subjects of this research are 15 students from an Islamic high school. The research results show that natural products experiment activity worksheets effectively improve students' learning outcomes. The research results indicate that the pre-test results obtained an average score of 50.8, indicating that students needed help understanding the material before using natural products' experiment activity worksheets. Post-test results showed an average score of 80.5, indicating that students experienced increased learning outcome scores. The average normalized gain score is 0.59, indicating a medium increase in chemistry learning outcomes. The self-assessment questionnaire on environmental literacy, conducted after using the integrated natural products experiment activity worksheets, showed that knowledge had an average score of 4.33 and was rated as excellent, behavior had an average score of 4.31 and was rated as good, and attitude had an average score of 4.37 and was also rated as good. Overall, students' environmental literacy was rated as outstanding, with an average score of 86.74%.

Evaluasi dan Pengembangan Model Sistem Informasi Manajemen Skrining Resep di Instalasi Farmasi RSUD Dr. Hasri Ainun Habibie Gorontalo dengan Metode EUCS

Introduction: Management information systems (SIMs) can provide data and information that can help facilitate prescription screening such as administrative, pharmaceutical, and clinical data. Data and information from the hospital management information system (SIMRS) are also to make it easier to screen prescriptions and prevent medication errors. Objective: This study aims to evaluate the need for a screening management information system at dr. Hasri Ainun Habibie Gorontalo and developed. As well as seeing the level of user satisfaction after the development of a prescription screening management information system Methods: The research conducted is quantitative descriptive. The data collection of system needs analysis was carried out by looking directly at the system at dr. Hasri Ainun Habibie Gorontalo Hospital. As well as evaluating the system using the End User Computing Satisfaction (EUCS) method by distributing questionnaires to pharmaceutical officers. After obtaining an analysis of the system needs, the design of the prescription screening management system was made using context diagrams, data flow diagrams (DFD), and entity relationship data (ERD). Data analysis to see the increase in satisfaction using the wilcoxon signed rank test. Results: The results of the observation of the completeness of prescription screening in the system at dr. Hasri Ainun Habibie Gorontalo Hospital show that administrative, pharmaceutical and clinical screening has not been fully completed. Meanwhile, the pretest results of the evaluation of the system that has been implemented in the hospital show that the frequency of respondents' answers in the dissatisfaction scale category in variable content is 97.2% and accuracy is 55.6%. However, after system development and re-evaluation as a result of the posttest, the results were obtained that the suitability of administrative, pharmaceutical and clinical screening on the satisfactory scale in variable content was 58.3%, format 51.9%, ease of use 66.7%, timeliness 55.8%, and very satisfied scale at variable accuracy 55.6%. Analysis of pretest and posttest data using the Wilcoxon test showed a significant value (p) of 0.007. Conclusion: The results of the evaluation and design of the prescription screening management information system have met the criteria and received increased satisfaction from system users. So that the system is ready to be implemented at dr. Hasri Ainun Habibie Gorontalo Hospital.

Pengembangan Modul Cetak Pengolahan Sampah Basah Berbantuan Maggot BSF dan Efektivitasnya dalam Meningkatkan Pengetahuan Lingkungan Siswa

The environment is defined as a set of aspects in the form of physical, chemical and biological as well as social factors that have a direct or indirect relationship to living things and human activities in the short and long term. However, the environment can experience various problems, one example is environmental damage by causing waste in the environment. One of the reasons for the waste generated by the community is their lack of knowledge about the environment. It was proven in preliminary research at SMA Negeri 11 Pinrang, the results of the initial analysis using students' environmental knowledge questions were still low with an overall result of 43.73. These results indicate that there are still many students who do not know environmental topics and problems, especially waste and its processing, so they are lazy about disposing of waste according to the server and processing the waste, especially wet waste. This research is development research referring to Plomp and Nieven's development design and conducting a quasi-experiment using the PjBL model in class X at SMA Negeri 11 Pinrang. The research results show that the printed module has a practicality value of 91.1% in the very practical category so it is suitable for use in the learning process. The average pretest result for the experimental class was 50.8 in the low category after learning using printed modules and the PjBL model and the posttest was 88 in the very high category and experienced an increase of 37.2%. The average pretest result for the control class was 44.26 in the low category after learning only using the PjBL model and the posttest was 79.6 in the high category and experienced an increase of 35.34%. Therefore, it can be concluded that the printed module is practical and effective in the experimental class with an N-Gain value of 0.75.

Application of Video Media to Improve Student Learning Outcomes in Class III Thematic Learning for Natural Science Subjects at SDN 3 Bukit Tunggal

Background: This research is a phenomenon that is common today, namely low interest in learning, and motivation of students, as well as inadequate learning outcomes. Aim: The main aim of this research is to improve student learning outcomes. Method: The research method used in this research is classroom action research. Data sources in this research consisted of the school principal, homeroom teacher and students. Data collection techniques used include planning, implementation, observation, reflection, and documentation. Research data analysis was carried out through stages consisting of collecting lesson plans, questions, pre-test, and post-test results, as well as drawing conclusions, and verification. Result and Discussions: The research results show that the factors that influence the improvement in student outcomes are: (1) Student learning activities when learning science using video media achieve predetermined indicators of success. This shows that students are active in the learning process. (2) There is an increase in student learning outcomes when learning science using video media. Data and test results at the pre-action stage showed an average score of 75.83, with a classical completion level of 79.17%. In cycle I, student learning outcomes increased with an average score of 83.55% and a classical completion level of 95.83%. This has achieved the researchers' established indicators of success, namely student learning outcomes with a KKM of 65, and a classical completion level of 85%.

Relationship between parental role and gadget addiction in early childhood

According to Handrianto (2013) the use of gadgets in children has positive and negative impacts, as well as in early childhood. The positive impacts of using gadgets on children include developing imagination, training children's intelligence, increasing children's self-confidence, developing reading, mathematics and problem solving skills. Meanwhile, the negative impacts of using gadgets are reducing concentration in studying, laziness in writing and reading, decreased social skills, addiction, can cause health problems, hinder children's cognitive development, hinder language skills and affect children's behavior.Parents are expected to have a big role in preventing the negative impact of gadget use in early childhood. For this reason, parents need to be given socialization about the role of parents in preventing early childhood addiction to gadgets. This research has two objectives, firstly to find out the positive relationship between the role of parents and gadget addiction in older people and secondly to find out the negative relationship between the role of parents and gadget addiction in young children.The research method used is quantitative research using Spearman Rank Correlation Analysis from the results of a questionnaire on the role of parents and parents' perceptions about gadget addiction in early childhood. Parents were divided into two groups, 1 group that was not given socialization and 1 group of parents who were given socialization. Both groups were given a pre-test and post-test. This research was carried out on TKIT Taamasa parents who were selected using a purposive sampling technique.Based on research conducted on TKIT Taamasa parents, the Spearman Rank correlation coefficient test results obtained from the pre-test results in the control group were -0.449 (negative). Likewise, the results of the correlation coefficient test for the control group post test were -0.389 (negative), the experimental group pre test results -0.114 (negative) and the experimental group post test -0.141 (negative). This shows that there is a negative relationship between the role of parents and gadget addiction in early childhood. The higher the role of parents, the lower the gadget addiction in young children. The negative coefficient value also proves that there is no positive relationship between the role of parents and gadget addiction in early childhood.Based on the research results, it was found that there was a negative relationship between the role of TKIT Taamasa parents and gadget addiction in early childhood in the group of parents who were given socialization and who were not given socialization regarding the role of parents in gadget addiction in early childhood. The higher the role of parents, the lower the addiction to gadgets in early childhood. Thus, researchers suggest that the role of people needs to be increased to prevent early childhood addiction to gadgets.

Enhancing Elementary Students’ Understanding of Pancasila Values: Exploring MANILA, a Canva-Based Interactive Learning Tool

Teachers played very important role in learning where teachers had to be able to provide learning that were adapted to technological development. Teachers had to be able to provide media where students could understand the material as a whole and continued so that the progress of learning media such as interactive media “MANILA” (Interactive media of Pancasila values) was needed. This study aimed to produce Canva-assisted learning media in the subject of Pancasila Education, the material of Pancasila values in grade V SD which was tested for feasibility and effectiveness and was able to improve student learning outcomes. This research was a research and development with the Borg and Gall model which was limited to the fourth stage. The research subjects consisted of: 1 material expert, 1 media expert, 1 class teacher, 6 students for small-scale trials, and 15 students for large-scale trials. Data collection techniques used interviews, validation sheets, response questionnaires, and tests. The media was also declared effective which could be seen from the pretest and posttest results and the T-test results, namely T (15) = 4.06, p < 0.05. Therefore, the development of interactive media “MANILA” assisted by Canva was concluded to be very feasible, practical, and effective in improving student learning outcomes.

Training on Basic Mathematics for 12th Grade Students of SMA Pasundan Majalaya in Preparation for the 2024 SNBT

Basic math training plays an important role in preparing students for the National Selection Based Test (SNBT), which is one of the entry pathways to public universities in Indonesia. This study aims to evaluate the effectiveness of academic ability test training in improving the readiness of XII grade students of Pasundan Majalaya High School to face SNBT 2024. The research method used is descriptive quantitative with a case study approach. The study population was all XII grade students of Pasundan Majalaya High School who participated in the training program. Data were collected through observations and tests conducted before and after the training. Data analysis was conducted to measure the improvement of students' academic ability and readiness. The results showed that the academic proficiency test training implemented at Pasundan Majalaya High School was effective in improving students' pre and post test results. There was a significant increase in proficiency test scores through pre and post test results. In addition, the training also helped students in developing time management skills, problem solving strategies, and critical thinking skills. The findings suggest that structured and comprehensive training can significantly improve students' academic readiness, thus helping them to face SNBT more confidently and competitively. This research is expected to contribute to the preparation of Pasundan Majalaya High School students for college entrance selection.

Development of Problem-Based-Learning (PBL)-Oriented Electronic Student Worksheets (e-Worksheet) to Improve Critical Thinking Skills of Class XI Senior High School Students on Factors that Influence Rate of Chemical Reactions Material

Education system changes from time to time, and with these changes, the existing curriculum in Indonesia also continues to undergo several curriculum updates. The Merdeka Curriculum is the answer to the high level of competition that occurs in the 21st century. Factors that influence the rate of chemical reactions are one of the materials in chemistry phase F of the Merdeka curriculum, which has abstract characteristics and requires experimentation. Based on these characteristics, the problem-based-learning (PBL) learning model is suitable for use and can improve students’ critical thinking skills. This research aims to determine the feasibility of developing a PBL-oriented student e-worksheet to improve critical thinking skills on factors that influence reaction rates. The method used in this research is R&D with a 4D model. The results obtained are that the student e-worksheet developed is feasible because the content and construct validity results obtained in mode 5 with a very valid category, then the practicality results obtained a response questionnaire score of 98.44%, which was supported by the results of the student activity sheets, and the effectiveness was obtained. From the data from the pretest and posttest results, which were analyzed using the SPSS Paired Sample t-Test, the results showed that there was an increase in students’ critical thinking skills, namely with a significance value of 0.00.

Increasing the Comfort of Hypertension Sufferers Through Effleurage Back Massage

Background: Comfort is one of the basic needs that is holistic. Hypertension sufferers often feel discomfort due to increased blood pressure, so these basic needs are not appropriately met. Effleurage back massage intervention is one method used to overcome discomfort in hypertension sufferers. The aim of this research was to determine the effect of efflurage back massage on the comfort level of hypertension sufferers Methods: The research design used pre-experiment, involving 32 respondents through purposive sampling from a population of 42 people with hypertension. The comfort variable was measured using the SGCQ questionnaire sheet and the results were analyzed using the Independent T-Test with α 0.05 Results: The research results showed an increase in comfort from almost all (75%) respondents in the very uncomfortable category in the pretest results to almost all (93.7%) respondents in the very comfortable category in the post test. The Wilcoxon results obtained p-value = 0.001 (<α), indicating that effleurage back massage intervention can increase comfort in hypertension sufferers. Conclusion: Giving effleurage back massage can trigger endorphin neurotransmitters in the autonomic nerves which make blood circulation smooth so that the body relaxes. This intervention can be applied as a non-pharmacological therapy in the management of hypertension.

Implementation of Immersive Virtual Reality Games and Learning Engagement for Selected Mathematical Concepts among Middle School Students in Ganzhou City, China

This study investigates the impact of immersive virtual reality (VR) on the learning engagement of students in selected mathematical concepts. A pretest-posttest design was employed to assess the cognitive, behavioral, and affective engagement levels of the respondents before and after the implementation of VR. The pretest results indicated moderate levels of engagement across all dimensions, with notable areas for improvement in attentiveness, collaborative skills, and satisfaction with progress. Following the implementation of immersive VR, significant improvements were observed in all engagement dimensions. Cognitive engagement scores increased, highlighting enhanced attention, understanding, and connection-making skills. Behavioral engagement saw improved participation, focus, and diligence in homework completion, although group collaboration remained an area needing further enhancement. Affective engagement improved as well, with students showing increased enjoyment, excitement, and emotional connection to math. The paired t-test analysis confirmed the statistical significance of these improvements, validating the effectiveness of VR in enhancing overall student engagement in mathematical learning. The study concludes that immersive VR is a powerful educational tool that can transform learning experiences, making them more interactive, engaging, and effective. Recommendations include continuing the use of VR to maintain high engagement levels, improving collaborative activities, and expanding VR integration to other subjects.

Berpetualang Bersama Si Kancil Untuk Meningkatkan Kemampuan Berbahasa Siswa Taman Kanak-Kanak Usia 5-6 Tahun

Language plays an important role in children's daily lives as it is a communication tool that connects individuals in society. Language skills are the foundation for a child that is naturally acquired to adapt to their environment, as a tool to socialise and a way to respond to others. This study set out to ascertain how the roleplaying approach affected the language development of young children. One group pretest postest design is the research design that the investigators utilized. This method is carried out to take measurements before (pretest) and after (posttest) giving treatment. Because the situation before the treatment can be compared, the outcomes of the treatment can be known with more accuracy. Based on the results of the study, the results show that there is a significant influence between before and after treatment. Based on the data analysis in this study, researchers can conclude that there is a significant effect of the treatment given on the language skills of Kartika I-57 Bukittinggi kindergarten students. This is based on the results of the Independent Samples Test which shows a significance value (Sig.) of 0.001, which is smaller than 0.005. This result shows a significant difference between the pretest and posttest results, so the intervention method applied in the meeting session is effective in improving children's language development. In addition, the results of normality and homogeneity tests showed that the data were normally distributed and the research subjects had homogeneous characteristics. Keywords: Language plays an important role in children's daily lives as it is a communication tool that connects individuals in society. Language skills are the foundation for a child that is naturally acquired to adapt to their environment, as a tool to socialise and a way to respond to others. This study set out to ascertain how the roleplaying approach affected the language development of young children. One group pretest postest design is the research design that the investigators utilized. This method is carried out to take measurements before (pretest) and after (posttest) giving treatment. Because the situation before the treatment can be compared, the outcomes of the treatment can be known with more accuracy. Based on the results of the study, the results show that there is a significant influence between before and after treatment. Based on the data analysis in this study, researchers can conclude that there is a significant effect of the treatment given on the language skills of Kartika I-57 Bukittinggi kindergarten students. This is based on the results of the Independent Samples Test which shows a significance value (Sig.) of 0.001, which is smaller than 0.005. This result shows a significant difference between the pretest and posttest results, so the intervention method applied in the meeting session is effective in improving children's language development. In addition, the results of normality and homogeneity tests showed that the data were normally distributed and the research subjects had homogeneous characteristics.

Let’s Listen-Read-Discuss: Improving Reading Comprehension

This study used classroom action research to investigate if the L-R-D method may improve reading comprehension in the VIII class at SMPN 4 Kuta Utara. There were two sessions per cycle of this two-cycle classroom action research methodology. Pre- and post-tests, as well as a questionnaire, were employed by the researcher as data collection tools. The pre-test results from the first reflection were used as the foundation for this investigation. The results demonstrated the students' persistent struggles with reading comprehension and their inability to discriminate between references, textual meaning, specific information, and general information. After taking the pre-test (58.9), cycle one post-test (72.8), and cycle two post-test (81.4), the respondents' mean scores showed a substantial improvement. Additionally, the results of this study indicated favourable attitudes about the application of the L-R-D approach. The results of the questionnaire indicated that 46.08% agreed, 2.77% agreed, 0.28% disagreed, and 0% strongly disagreed, with 50.85% highly agreeing. The L-R-D technique may improve the reading comprehension of eighth-grade students at SMPN 4 Kuta Utara, according to the study's findings.

Development of Android-Based Digital Teaching Materials Using Articulate Storyline 3 to Increase Student Motivation and Learning Outcomes in Natural and Social Science Subjects

Natural and Social Sciences (IPAS) is one of the main subjects at the elementary school level, where to achieve maximum results in learning IPAS, it requires active student involvement during learning activities. However, the low understanding of teachers about current technology makes it difficult for students to understand the subject matter due to the limited use of learning media. Therefore, researchers want to develop an android-based digital teaching material that can be used by students wherever they are and can be used repeatedly. Researchers used the Research and Development (RnD) research type using the ADDIE model. This study aims to produce android-based digital teaching materials assisted by articulate storyline 3 on the subject matter of IPAS material oh environment so damaged for Class V Elementary School with valid, practical and effective qualifications. The validation results of android-based digital teaching materials obtained a material validation percentage of 95% with very feasible qualifications, 75% media validation with feasible qualifications, and obtained practitioner validation of 100% with very feasible qualifications. The practicality of android-based digital teaching materials obtained a student response questionnaire percentage value of 88% with very good qualifications. The effectiveness of the media is reviewed from the results of students' pretests and postests with a medium N-gain value so that it can be concluded that android-based digital teaching materials are effective.