Pressure-sensitive Materials Research Articles

Bemis Co Inc

AbstractPaper Products (MIC: 11.11 SIC: 2671 NAIC: 322221)Bemis is a manufacturer of flexible packaging products and pressure sensitive materials selling to customers throughout the U.S., Canada, South America, Europe, Asia Pacific and Mexico. Through its Flexible Packaging segment, Co. manufactures a range of consumer and industrial packaging such as multilayer flexible polymer film structures and laminates that are sold for food, medical and personal care products as well as non‐food applications utilizing vacuum or modified atmosphere packaging. Co.'s Pressure Sensitive Materials segment manufactures pressure sensitive materials that are sold into label markets, graphic markets and technical markets.

Study on the Crack-Tip in the Pressure-Sensitive Dilatant Materials

In the petroleum engineering, the nonlinear bulk strain or bulk strain rate must be considered in rock deformation, adopting the viscous-elastic theory, a constitutive equation of the pressure-sensitive dilatant materials was established. The governing eqations were deducted in crack-tip field of quasi-static growing crack in pressure-sensitive dilatant materials. And for the mechanical model of a rigid-viscoelastic material interfacial crack, through numerical calculate, the asymptotic solution of the continuous separate variable formal of stress, strain and displacement. The significance of the material parameter in the crack-tip field is discussed. The study of the paper will provide theoretical references for preventing the glide of the mud rock and reducing the arises of the failure of casings of well.

Unified Solutions to the Limit Load of Thick-Walled Vessels

Unified solutions to the elastoplastic limit load of thick-walled cylindrical and spherical vessels under internal pressure are obtained in terms of the unified strength theory (UST) and the unified slip-line field theory (USLFT). The UST and the USLFT include or approximate an existing strength criterion or slip-line field theory by adopting a parameter b, which varies from 0 to 1. The theories can be used on pressure-sensitive materials, which have the strength difference (SD) effect. The solutions, based on the Tresca criterion, the von Mises criterion, the Mohr–Coulomb criterion, and the twin shear strength criterion, are special cases of the present unified solutions. The results based on the Mohr–Coulomb criterion (b=0) give the lower bound of the plastic limit load, while those according to the twin shear strength criterion (b=1) are the upper bound. The solution of the von Mises criterion is approximated by the linear function of the UST with a specific parameter (b≈0.5). Plastic limit solutions with respect to different yield criteria are illustrated and compared. The influences of the yield criterion as well as the ratio of the tensile strength to the compressive strength on the plastic limit loads are discussed.

Water — A Clean “Glue” to Attach Hydrophilic Plates to an AFM Sample Stage

Abstract Attaching a sample to the instrument's sample stage is commonly the first step in the operation of an AFM. For our commercial Digital Instruments Multimode AFM, a sample is usually attached to a magnetic sample puck by double-sided tape, the sample puck is then placed on the instrument’s magnetic sample stage, and analysis can begin. The use of double-sided tape, however, has unpleasant consequences. First, the surface of the sample puck becomes quite sticky due to residual glue from the double-sided tape ! removing the sticky glue is not a happy job. One cannot just throw a soiled sample puck away! Second, double-sided tape does not always give satisfactory mechanical stability during AFM operation, especially when high resolution imaging is being carried out. Sometimes the tape-mounted sample will creep slowly, which can cause significant drift of AFM images. This is because the tapes and their adhesive films are made of pressure sensitive materials that tend to change shape when pressure and/or temperature vary.

Effects of pressure-sensitivity and plastic dilatancy on void growth and interaction

Hydrostatic stress can affect the non-elastic deformation and flow stress of polymeric materials and certain metallic alloys. This sensitivity to hydrostatic stress can also influence the fracture toughness of ductile materials, which fail by void growth and coalescence. These materials typically contain a non-uniform distribution of voids of varying size-scales and void shapes. In this work, the effects of void shape and microvoid interaction in pressure-sensitive materials are examined via a two-prong approach: (i) an axisymmetric unit-cell containing a single ellipsoidal void and (ii) a plane-strain unit-cell consisting of a single large void and a population of discrete microvoids. The representative material volume in both cases is subjected to physical stress states similar to highly stressed regions ahead of a crack. Results show that oblate voids and microvoid cavitation can severely reduce the critical stress of the material. These effects can be compounded under high levels of pressure-sensitivity. In some cases, the critical stress responsible for rapid void growth is reduced to levels comparable to the yield strength of the material. The contribution of void shape and pressure-sensitivity to the thermal- and moisture-induced voiding phenomenon in IC packages is also discussed.

Extended finite element method in plasticity forming of powder compaction with contact friction

In this paper, a new computational technique is presented based on the eXtended Finite Element Method (X-FEM) in pressure-sensitive plasticity of powder compaction considering frictional contact. In X-FEM, the need for mesh adaption to discontinuity interface is neglected and the process is accomplished by partitioning the domain with some triangular sub-elements whose Gauss points are used for integration of the domain of the elements. The technique is applied by employing additional functions, which are added to approximate the displacement field of the elements located on the interface. The double-surface cap plasticity model is employed within the X-FEM framework in numerical simulation of powder material. The plasticity model includes a failure surface and an elliptical cap, which closes the open space between the failure surface and hydrostatic axis. The moving cap expands in the stress space according to a specified hardening rule. The frictional behavior of contact between two bodies is modeled by using the X-FEM technique and applying the Heaviside enrichment function. The application of X-FEM technique in simulation of pressure-sensitive material is presented in an incremental manner and the role of sub-elements in simulation of contact treatment is demonstrated. Finally, several numerical examples are analyzed with special reference to plasticity forming of powder compaction.

Reproducing Kernel Particle Method in Plasticity of Pressure-Sensitive Material with Reference to Powder Forming Process

In this paper, an application of the reproducing kernel particle method (RKPM) is presented in plasticity behavior of pressure-sensitive material. The RKPM technique is implemented in large deformation analysis of powder compaction process. The RKPM shape function and its derivatives are constructed by imposing the consistency conditions. The essential boundary conditions are enforced by the use of the penalty approach. The support of the RKPM shape function covers the same set of particles during powder compaction, hence no instability is encountered in the large deformation computation. A double-surface plasticity model is developed in numerical simulation of pressure-sensitive material. The plasticity model includes a failure surface and an elliptical cap, which closes the open space between the failure surface and hydrostatic axis. The moving cap expands in the stress space according to a specified hardening rule. The cap model is presented within the framework of large deformation RKPM analysis in order to predict the non-uniform relative density distribution during powder die pressing. Numerical computations are performed to demonstrate the applicability of the algorithm in modeling of powder forming processes and the results are compared to those obtained from finite element simulation to demonstrate the accuracy of the proposed model.

Bemis Co Inc

Mergent's Dividend AchieversVolume 3, Issue 4 p. 40-40 U.S. Company Reports Bemis Co Inc† First published: 10 October 2006 https://doi.org/10.1002/div.4683 † Contact: : John H. Roe — Chmn. Address: : 222 South 9th Street, Suite 2300, Minneapolis, MN 55402-4099 Web Site: : www.bemis.com AboutPDF ToolsRequest permissionExport citationAdd to favoritesTrack citation ShareShare Give accessShare full text accessShare full-text accessPlease review our Terms and Conditions of Use and check box below to share full-text version of article.I have read and accept the Wiley Online Library Terms and Conditions of UseShareable LinkUse the link below to share a full-text version of this article with your friends and colleagues. Learn more.Copy URL Share a linkShare onFacebookTwitterLinkedInRedditWechat Abstract Paper Products (MIC: 11.11 SIC: 2671 NAIC: 322221) Bemis is a manufacturer of flexible packaging products and pressure sensitive materials selling to customers throughout the U.S., Canada, South America, Europe, Asia Pacific and Mexico. Through its Flexible Packaging segment, Co. manufactures a range of consumer and industrial packaging such as multilayer flexible polymer film structures and laminates are sold for food, medical and personal care products as well as non-food applications utilizing vacuum or modified atmosphere packaging. Co.'s Pressure Sensitive Materials segment manufactures pressure sensitive materials that are sold into label markets, graphic markets and technical markets. Volume3, Issue4Autumn (Fall) 2006Pages 40-40 RelatedInformation

Bemis Co Inc

Mergent's Dividend AchieversVolume 3, Issue 3 p. 40-40 U.S. Company Reports Bemis Co Inc† First published: 30 June 2006 https://doi.org/10.1002/div.4266 † Contact: : John H. Roe — Chmn. Address: : 222 South 9th Street, Suite 2300, Minneapolis, MN 55402-4099 Web Site: : www.bemis.com AboutPDF ToolsRequest permissionExport citationAdd to favoritesTrack citation ShareShare Give accessShare full text accessShare full-text accessPlease review our Terms and Conditions of Use and check box below to share full-text version of article.I have read and accept the Wiley Online Library Terms and Conditions of UseShareable LinkUse the link below to share a full-text version of this article with your friends and colleagues. Learn more.Copy URL Share a linkShare onFacebookTwitterLinked InRedditWechat Abstract Business Summary: Paper Products (MIC: 11.11 SIC: 2671 NAIC: 322221) Bemis manufactures flexible packaging products and pressure-sensitive materials. The flexible packing segment produces consumer and industrial packaging, including multilayer flexible polymer film structures and barrier laminates sold for food, medical, and personal care products as well as non-food applications. Additional products include stretchfilm products, carton sealing tapes and application equipment, thermoformed plastic packaging, paper bags, printed paper roll stock, and bag closing materials. Co.'s pressure-sensitive materials products include pressure sensitive paper, films, digital screen printers and micro-thin film adhesives for the label, graphic and technical markets. Volume3, Issue3Summer 2006Pages 40-40 RelatedInformation

Avery Dennison Corp.

Mergent's Dividend AchieversVolume 3, Issue 4 p. 27-27 U.S. Company Reports Avery Dennison Corp.† First published: 10 October 2006 https://doi.org/10.1002/div.4670 † Contact: : Dean A. Scarborough — Pres., C.E.O. Address: : 150 North Orange Grove Boulevard, Pasadena, CA 91103 Web Site: : www.averydennison.com AboutPDF ToolsRequest permissionExport citationAdd to favoritesTrack citation ShareShare Give accessShare full text accessShare full-text accessPlease review our Terms and Conditions of Use and check box below to share full-text version of article.I have read and accept the Wiley Online Library Terms and Conditions of UseShareable LinkUse the link below to share a full-text version of this article with your friends and colleagues. Learn more.Copy URL Share a linkShare onFacebookTwitterLinked InRedditWechat Abstract Paper Products (MIC: 11.11 SIC: 2672 NAIC: 322222) Avery Dennison is primarily engaged in the production of pressure-sensitive materials, by which some of these materials are “converted” into labels and other products through embossing, printing, stamping and die-cutting, and some are sold in unconverted form as base materials, tapes and reflective sheeting. Co. also manufactures and sells a variety of office products and other converted products such as binders, organizing systems, markers, fasteners, business forms as well as tickets, tags and imprinting equipment for retail and apparel manufacturers. As of Dec 31 2005, Co. operated approximately 140 manufacturing and distribution facilities located in over 40 countries. Volume3, Issue4Autumn (Fall) 2006Pages 27-27 RelatedInformation

Avery Dennison Corp.

Mergent's Dividend AchieversVolume 3, Issue 2 p. 27-27 U.S. Company Reports Avery Dennison Corp.† First published: 20 April 2006 https://doi.org/10.1002/div.3835Citations: 1 † Contact: : Dean A. Scarborough — Pres., C.E.O. Address: : 150 North Orange Grove Boulevard, Pasadena, CA 91103 Web Site: : www.averydennison.com AboutPDF ToolsRequest permissionExport citationAdd to favoritesTrack citation ShareShare Give accessShare full text accessShare full-text accessPlease review our Terms and Conditions of Use and check box below to share full-text version of article.I have read and accept the Wiley Online Library Terms and Conditions of UseShareable LinkUse the link below to share a full-text version of this article with your friends and colleagues. Learn more.Copy URL Share a linkShare onFacebookTwitterLinkedInRedditWechat Abstract Paper Products (MIC: 11.11 SIC: 2672 NAIC: 322222) Avery Dennison is a worldwide manufacturer of pressure-sensitive materials, office products and other converted products. Co.produces pressure-sensitive roll label materials, films for graphic applications, reflective highway safety products, performance polymers (largely adhesives), and extruded films. Co. also manufactures office and consumer products, including labels, binders, dividers, sheet protectors, and writing instruments. In addition, Co. designs, manufactures and sells price marking and brand identification products, including tickets, tags and labels, and related supplies and equipmentfor retailers, apparel manufacturers, distributors and industrial customers. Citing Literature Volume3, Issue2Spring 2006Pages 27-27 RelatedInformation

Bemis, Inc.

AbstractPaper Products (MIC: 11.11 SIC: 671 NAIC: 22221) Bemis manufactures flexible packaging products and pressure‐sensitive materials. The flexible packing segment produces consumer and industrial packaging, including multilayer flexible polymer film structures and barrier laminates sold for food, medical, and personal care products as well as non‐food applications. Additional products include stretchfilm products, carton sealing tapes and application equipment, thermoformed plastic packaging, paper bags, printed paper roll stock, and bag closing materials. Co.'s pressure‐sensitive materials products include pressure sensitive paper, films, digital screen printers and micro‐thin film adhesives for the label, graphic and technical markets.

Modeling of pressure-sensitive materials using a cap plasticity theory in extended finite element method

In this paper, a new computational technique based on the extended finite element method (X-FEM) is presented in elasto-plastic behavior of pressure-sensitive material. The cap plasticity model is employed within the X-FEM framework in numerical simulation of powder die pressing. The double-surface plasticity model includes a failure surface and an elliptical yield cap, which closes the open space between the failure surface and hydrostatic axis. The yield cap expands in the stress space according to a specified hardening rule. Application of the X-FEM in simulation of two phase plasticity continuums is presented in an incremental manner and the role of sub-elements in the partition of unity method is demonstrated. Finally, three numerical examples, including: a plate with hole subjected to compression, a double-layer foundation and the compaction simulation of metal powder are analyzed numerically.

Bemis, Inc.

AbstractPaper Products (MIC: 11.11 SIC: 2671 NAIC:322221)Bemis is a manufacturer of flexible packaging products and pressure‐sensitive materials. Co.'s customers are in the U.S., Canada, and Europe with a growing presence in Asia Pacific, South America, and Mexico. In the flexible packaging segment, Co. primarily markets its products to the food industry, and, to a lesser extent, businesses such as chemical, agribusiness, medical, pharmaceutical, personal care products, tissue, batteries, electronics, automotive, construction, graphic industries, and other consumer goods. Pressure‐Sensitive Materials are sold into label markets, graphic markets, and technical markets. As of Dec 31 2003, Co. manufactured from 53 facilities in ten countries.

Boundary Condition Disturbed in Shear Banding Analysis by Rudnicki and Rice for Pressure Sensitive Materials

Rudnicki and Rice invistigated the localization of deformation into a shear band resulted from an instability in constitutive description of homogeneous deformation in pressure sensitive dilatant materials. Their analytical method has been used very often for the prediction of shear banding in soil. In their analysis the equilibrium is considered between multiple solutions in the perpendicular direction to a shear band, but the essential requirement is ignored that these multiple solutions are under identical boundary condition. This paper shows concretely the disturbance of boundary condition appeared in the onset of instability in their method. This disturbance results in the fact that their method cannot give useful prediction for ductile fracture in soil.

Stress Fields for Sharp Notches in Pressure-Sensitive Materials under Plane-Stress Conditions

Fully-developed plastic stress fields around sharp wedge-shaped notches of perfectly-plastic pressure-sensitive materials are investigated for plane-stress case and symmetric tensile loading conditions. The pressure-sensitive yielding behavior of the material is represented by the Drucker-Prager yield criterion. Using equilibrium equations, boundary conditions, and the yield criterion, closed-form expressions for stress fields are derived. The analysis covers the gradual change in the notch angle starting from the limiting case of a pure horizontal crack, the solution of which is compared with published literature. Effects of notch geometry and pressure sensitivity on stress fields are examined by considering different specimen geometries, as well as different levels of pressure sensitivity. Results indicate that while stress values directly ahead of the notch-tip are not affected, the extent of stress sector at notch front is reduced, thereby causing increase in the radial stress value around the notch. As the pressure sensitivity increases the reduction of the stress sector directly ahead of the notch tip is more evident. Also, for high pressure sensitivity values, introduction of the notch angle reduces the variation of the stress levels. Results obtained from the analysis are useful for design of structural components.

Bemis, Inc.

AbstractPaper Products (MIC: 11.11 SIC: 2671 NAIC:322221)Bemis is a manufacturer of flexible packaging products and pressure‐sensitive materials. Co.'s customers are in the U.S., Canada, and Europe with a growing presence in Asia Pacific, South America, and Mexico. In the flexible packaging segment, Co. primarily markets its products to the food industry, and, to a lesser extent, businesses such as chemical, agribusiness, medical, pharmaceutical, personal care products, tissue, batteries, electronics, automotive, construction, graphic industries, and other consumer goods. Pressure‐Sensitive Materials are sold into label markets, graphic markets, and technical markets. As of Dec 31 2003, Co. manufactured from 53 facilities in ten countries.

“Soft Tableting”: A New Concept to Tablet Pressure Sensitive Materials

The aim of this study was to confirm the hypothesis that tableting using excipients with greater elastic deformation results in improved performance of pressure‐sensitive drugs relative to the excipients with low elastic deformation. Tableting with highly elastic deforming excipients and the resultant minimization of the process damage is referred to in this article as “soft tableting.” Carrageenans, chitosans, and polyethylene oxides were tested as potentially useful tableting excipients. α‐Amylase, amorphous indomethacin, theophylline monohydrate, and enteric‐coated pellets were used as models for pressure‐sensitive materials. Three‐dimensional modeling of the tableting data and elastic recovery of the tablets were the tools for mechanical characterization. The crushing force of the tablets was analyzed. Inactivation of α‐amylase was determined by using the starch iodine reaction method. Pseudopolymorphic and polymorphic changes were analyzed using Fourier transform (FT) Raman spectroscopy. The effects of pressure on the integrity of the pellets were tested by release studies and scanning electron microscopy. The process of tablet formation was characterized for potentially useful tableting excipients. The results were compared with the results of traditional excipients as microcrystalline cellulose (MCC), dicalcium phosphate dihydrate, and hydroxypropyl methylcellulose (HPMC). A ranking order for soft tableting was deduced from the mechanical properties. The tableting excipients were ranked according to their general plasticity (GP): GP(carrageenans) < GP(chitosans) < GP(MCC) < GP(HPMC) < GP(polyethylene oxides). This theoretical order of suitability has been experimentally proven to be valid for the pressure‐sensitive materials. In conclusion, the new concept for soft tableting is valid.

A flow mechanism for layering in a heterogeneous porous medium

The flow of a particle fluid mixture through a heterogeneous permeable material is studied with a view to obtaining characteristic fingerprints for the structures that such flows may exhibit. This flow has a variable density and behaves as a compressible fluid, with the compressibility derived from the variations of the local field variables. Both pressure-sensitive or speed-fluctuation-dependent rheologies are studied in the steady state and a speed-fluctuation-dependent material is studied in a time-dependent analysis. The salient findings are that for a pressure-sensitive material structures normal to the mean flow direction are obtained. For the speed-fluctuation-dependent rheology, the pressure structures are normal to the mean flow, whereas the density structures are aligned with the flow (fingering).

Asymptotic fields for dynamic crack growth in non-associative pressure sensitive materials

Asymptotic near-tip fields are analyzed for a plane strain Mode I crack propagating dynamically in non-associative elastic–plastic solids of the Drucker–Prager type with an isotropic linear strain hardening response. Eigen solutions are obtained over a range of material parameters and crack speeds, based on the assumption that asymptotic solutions are variable-separable and fully continuous. A limiting speed, beyond which a tendency to slope discontinuity in angular distributions of stresses and velocities is detected, is found to deviate from the associative models. At low strain-hardening rates, the onset of the plastic potential corner zone ahead of the crack-tip imposes another limit to the crack speed. Correspondingly, those limits imply the limits to the degree of non-associativity at a given crack speed. In addition, a tendency to slope discontinuity in the angular radial stress distribution sets another limit on the non-associativity at vanishing hardening rates.