Pressure In Man Research Articles

Diurnal and Obstructive Sleep Apnea Influences on Arterial Stiffness and Central Blood Pressure in Men

Nocturnal and early morning elevation of blood pressure are common acute manifestations of obstructive sleep apnea (OSA) that do not always carry over into a sustained daytime hypertension. Using pulse wave analysis, we examined the effect of OSA on arterial stiffness and central aortic blood pressure to assess whether each would be elevated independent of diurnal changes in peripheral blood pressure. Cross-sectional sleep laboratory cohort study. Two university teaching hospitals. 57 male nonsmokers referred for suspected OSA and free of known cardiovascular disease or blood-pressure and lipid-lowering medications. The augmentation index, a quantification of augmentation of central aortic pressure due to the reflected component of the pulse pressure waveform, and brachial and aortic blood pressure were determined in the evening and early morning. The augmentation index consistently increased from evening to morning (P < .001) and was accompanied by an increase in central systolic blood pressure (P = .007) and a decrease in pulse pressure amplification (P < .001). However, these changes were unaccompanied by any changes in peripheral blood pressure. Overnight changes in mean blood pressure and heart rate were the only predictors of this effect, but they only accounted for a third of the variance (r2 = 0.339, P = .002). After adjustment for known confounders, the respiratory disturbance index was positively correlated with augmentation index at both time points (PM: P = .008, am: P = .016). The respiratory disturbance index did not correlate with any indexes of peripheral or central blood pressure. Systemic arterial stiffness is positively correlated with OSA severity and, in addition, is increased in magnitude in the early morning independent of OSA severity.

Life-course exposure to job strain and ambulatory blood pressure in men.

This 1985-1995 study was designed to assess the association between blood pressure (measured by using an ambulatory monitor) and history of exposure to job strain. Items from the Job Content Questionnaire were completed by 213 employed men, aged 30-60 years at entry into the Work Site Blood Pressure Study in New York City, New York, for each previous job they had held. The systolic blood pressure of men employed for >/=25 years who were exposed to job strain for 50% of their work life was 4.8 mmHg (95% confidence interval: -3.7, 13.4) higher at work and 7.9 mmHg (95% confidence interval: 0.8, 15.0) higher at home than that of men with no past exposure, independent of current exposure. Evidence was inconsistent for the hypothesis of rapid induction of/recovery from the effects of job strain on blood pressure, and there was little effect of past job strain on diastolic blood pressure. These findings provide some support for the hypothesis of an effect of cumulative burden of exposure to job strain on systolic blood pressure.

Plasma leptin and blood pressure in men: graded association independent of body mass and fat pattern.

The role of leptin in the association between body mass, central adiposity, and blood pressure (BP) is controversial. This study evaluated the relationship between leptin and BP in relation to body mass index (BMI) and fat distribution in a large sample of untreated male adults. The study population was made up of 457 untreated male employees of the Olivetti factory in Naples. Plasma leptin, complete anthropometry, BP, and relevant biochemical variables were measured. Log-transformed plasma leptin levels were directly associated with BMI (r = 0.661, p < 0.001) and waist circumference (r = 0.630; p < 0.001). Leptin also correlated with systolic (r = 0.258) and diastolic (r = 0.277) BP (p < 0.001). The association between leptin and BP was maintained after accounting for age, BMI (or waist circumference), log-insulin, and serum creatinine (p < 0.01); this association was stronger than that with BMI. Logistic regression analysis showed that an increased prevalence of hypertension (BP >or= 140 and/or 90 mm Hg) was associated with high plasma leptin levels when controlling for age and waist circumference (odds ratio, 1.99; 95%CI, 1.06 to 3.72) or for age and BMI (odds ratio, 1.92; 95%CI, 1.02 to 3.61). A graded positive relationship between plasma leptin levels and BP was observed in this sample of untreated male adults. This association was independent of age, BMI, abdominal adiposity, and fasting plasma insulin. Moreover, elevated plasma leptin concentrations were associated with greater probability of hypertension, again independently of potential confounders.

Soy Milk Lowers Blood Pressure in Men and Women with Mild to Moderate Essential Hypertension

Soy-based diets reduce blood pressure in spontaneously hypertensive rats, but apparently not in hypertensive humans. In the present study, the antihypertensive potential of soy milk (500 mL twice daily) compared with cow's milk was investigated in a 3-mo double-blind randomized study of 40 men and women with mild-to-moderate hypertension. Before initiation of the study, urinary isoflavonoids (measured by HPLC) were undetectable in most cases (for genistein, they were always <100 micromol/L). After 3 mo of soy milk consumption, systolic blood pressure decreased by 18.4 +/- 10.7 mmHg compared with 1.4 +/- 7.2 mmHg in the cow's milk group (P < 0.0001), diastolic blood pressure decreased by 15.9 +/- 9.8 mmHg vs. 3.7 +/- 5.0 mmHg in the cow's milk group (P < 0.0001) and mean blood pressure decreased by 16.7 +/- 9.0 mmHg compared with 3.0 +/- 4.6 mmHg in the cow's milk group (P < 0.0001). Urinary genistein was strongly (r = -0.588) and significantly (P = 0.002) correlated with the decrease in blood pressure, particularly for diastolic values. In conclusion, chronic soy milk consumption had modest, but significant hypotensive action in essential hypertensive subjects. This hypotensive action was correlated with the urinary excretion of the isoflavonoid genistein.

Oat Consumption Does Not Affect Resting Casual and Ambulatory 24-h Arterial Blood Pressure in Men with High-Normal Blood Pressure to Stage I Hypertension

The results of epidemiologic studies suggest that increased intake of dietary fiber is associated with lower levels of arterial blood pressure (BP). However, there is little information available addressing the possibility that increased oat consumption may reduce arterial BP in individuals with elevated arterial BP. To test this hypothesis, middle-aged and older men (n = 36; body mass index, 25-35 kg/m(2); aged 50-75 y) with elevated BP (systolic BP 130-159 mmHg and/or diastolic BP 85-99 mmHg) were randomly assigned to consume an additional 14 g/d of dietary fiber in the form of oat (5.5 g beta-glucan, n = 18) or wheat cereals (no beta-glucan, n = 18) for 12 wk. Casual resting arterial BP was measured at baseline and after 4, 8 and 12 wk of intervention. The 24-h ambulatory arterial BP was measured at baseline and after 12 wk of intervention. There were no differences in casual resting or 24-h ambulatory BP at baseline in the two groups. Casual systolic BP (SBP) did not change as a result of the 12-wk intervention in the oat (138 plus minus 2 vs. 135 plus minus 3 mmHg) or wheat (142 plus minus 2 vs. 140 plus minus 3 mmHg) groups, respectively (all P > 0.05). Casual diastolic BP (DBP) also did not change in the oat (89 plus minus 2 vs. 88 plus minus 2 mmHg) or wheat (90 plus minus 2 vs. 91 plus minus 2 mmHg) group during this period (all P > 0.05). Further, 24-h, daytime and nighttime SBP and DBP did not decrease with the intervention. Therefore, the results of the present study suggest that any cardioprotective benefit of regular oat consumption may not be conferred via an arterial BP-lowering effect.

Exercise and Weight Loss Reduce Blood Pressure in Men and Women with Mild Hypertension

Blumenthal, J A; Sherwood, A; Gullette, E CD; Babyak, M; Waugh, R; Georgiades, A; Craighead, L W; Tweedy, D; Feinglos, M; Appelbaum, M; Hayano, J; Hinderliter, AEditor(s): Cannistra, Lauralyn MD; Carlin, Brian MD; Keteyian, Steven J. PhD

The Cherokees and Their Chiefs: In the Wake of Empire

This newly researched and synthesized history of the Cherokees places special emphasis on the tribe's leaders and their agony in dealing with England, the Colonies, and the United States. Hoig traces the demise of the Cherokees' historic homeland in the American South, their removal over the Trail of Tears to present-day Oklahoma, the great trauma they suffered from the Civil War, the final destruction of their tribal autonomy by the United States, and their phoenix-like rise in political and social stature during the twentieth century. Hoig also deals with the intense clash of tribal purpose that the white man's pressure created between the traditional full-blood and the educated half-blood factions. The conflict led to deep hatreds and assassinations that kept the Cherokees in turmoil for many years. An excellent, single-volume study of Cherokee history, this book will be welcomed by libraries, schools, historians, and general readers alike.

The effect of job strain on ambulatory blood pressure in men: does it vary by socioeconomic status?

The effect of job strain on ambulatory blood pressure in men: does it vary by socioeconomic status?

Evidence for association and genetic linkage of the angiotensin-converting enzyme locus with hypertension and blood pressure in men but not women in the Framingham Heart Study.

There is controversy regarding the association of the angiotensin-converting enzyme deletion-insertion (ACE D/I) polymorphism with systemic hypertension and with blood pressure. We investigated these relations in a large population-based sample of men and women by using association and linkage analyses. The study sample consisted of 3095 participants in the Framingham Heart Study. Blood pressure measurements were obtained at regular examinations. The ACE D/I polymorphism was identified by using a polymerase chain reaction assay. In logistic regression analysis, the adjusted odds ratios for hypertension among men for the DD and DI genotypes were 1.59 (95% confidence interval [CI], 1.13 to 2.23) and 1.18 (95% CI, 0.87 to 1.62), respectively, versus II (chi2 P=.02). In women, adjusted odds ratios for the DD and DI genotypes were 1.00 (95% CI, 0.70 to 1.44) and 0.78 (95% CI, 0.56 to 1.09), respectively (P=.14). In linear regression analysis, there was an association of the ACE DD genotype with increased diastolic blood pressure in men (age-adjusted P=.03, multivariate-adjusted P=.14) but not women. Quantitative trait linkage analyses in 1044 pairs of siblings, by using both ACE D/I and a nearby microsatellite polymorphism of the human growth hormone gene, supported a role of the ACE locus in influencing blood pressure in men but not in women. In our large, population-based sample, there is evidence for association and genetic linkage of the ACE locus with hypertension and with diastolic blood pressure in men but not women. Our data support the hypothesis that ACE, or a nearby gene, is a sex-specific candidate gene for hypertension. Confirmatory studies in other large population-based samples are warranted.

Comparative Accuracy of Three Automated Techniques in the Noninvasive Estimation of Central Blood Pressure in Men

Automated devices have regularly replaced manual sphygmomanometry for the determination of blood pressure not only in homes and clinics, but also in emergency and critical care settings. Few studies exist that correctly assess the accuracy of these devices, and even fewer that specifically compare commercially available units that rely on different physiologic events for measurement. Six hundred pressure measurements were obtained from 120 subjects using 1 of 3 randomly selected blood pressure monitors. In addition, central arterial pressure measurements were obtained simultaneously and directly from the ascending aorta of each subject. Overall, these devices tended to overestimate diastolic (+2.5 mm Hg, p <0.0001) and mean (+3.8 mm Hg, p < 0.0001) pressures, but not systolic (+0.7 mm Hg, p = NS) pressure. Compared with the other 2 devices, device I, relying on oscillometric detection, demonstrated a significantly smaller mean absolute error for diastolic pressure (4.9 ± 3.0 vs 7.0 ± 4.8 and 6.2 ± 5.3 mm Hg, p <0.0001) and mean pressure (4.0 ± 3.2 vs 7.8 ± 5.9 and 8.6 ± 7.5 mm Hg, p <0.0001), and a trend toward smaller error with systolic pressure (6.8 ± 6.5 vs 7.3 ± 6.8 and 8.0 ± 5.6 mm Hg, p = 0.19). Clinically significant (±10 mm Hg) errors were common with each device (24.8% overall), but serious (±20 mm Hg) errors were unusual (3.2%) and did not occur at all with device I during diastolic and mean pressure measurement. All of the devices tested could be expected to perform satisfactorily in most clinical settings provided that an average error of 4.0 to 8.6 mm Hg is tolerable. This level of accuracy typically extended throughout the range of pressures anticipated in most noncritical clinical situations. As implemented in the devices tested, noninvasive measurement by oscillometry with stepped deflation is more accurate than automated auscultation.

Cultural Factors Affecting the Negotiation of First Sexual Intercourse among Latina Adolescent Mothers

In 1995, the Latina adolescent birth rate surpassed that of African Americans for the first time. This article investigates cultural and social factors affecting the initiation of sexual intercourse among Latina adolescent mothers in Los Angeles. The data are from life history interviews with forty young mothers and their partners conducted in 1994 to 1997. Results suggest that sexual intercourse is initiated within the context of the couple's developing relationship, and that the course of relationships is highly scripted. Men pressure for sex and women resist. Women should be ignorant about sex, but control access to intercourse. Sex is never discussed. Thus, it is unexpected, and contraception other than withdrawal is not used. This script places young Latinas at enormous risk for pregnancy and STDs.

Predictors of the age-related increase in blood pressure in men and women.

The age-related increase in blood pressure frequently observed in men and women may be more related to deleterious alterations in physical fitness, body composition, and diet than to a true aging phenomenon. Our purposes were to: (a) characterize the relationship between age and blood pressure in normotensive men and women; (b) identify physiological predictors of the age-related increase in blood pressure; and (c) examine whether the relationship between age and blood pressure persists after controlling for differences in these predictor variables. Three hundred and sixty four Caucasian men (17-80 yr) and 215 Caucasian women (18-81 yr) were characterized for supine resting blood pressure, peak oxygen consumption, body composition, body fat distribution, plasma insulin and glucose concentrations, and nutritional intake. In men, the relationship between age and mean arterial pressure (MAP) (r = .25, p < .01) was no longer significant (partial r = .07, p = .20; 0.03 mmHg increase per year) after four predictor variables of MAP (fat mass, sum of 9 skinfolds, alcohol intake, and supine heart rate) were statistically controlled. In women, the relationship between age and MAP (r = .44, p < .01) no longer existed in women younger than 62 years of age (partial r = .06, p = .46; .04 mmHg increase per year) after three predictor variables of MAP (waist-to-thigh ratio, supine heart rate, and alcohol intake) were held constant, whereas in women older than 62 the relationship persisted (partial r = .37, p < .01; 0.9 mmHg increase per year). In healthy Caucasian men and women between 17-81 years of age: (a) The relationship between MAP and age was stronger in women than in men, primarily due to an accelerated increase in MAP in women older than 62 years of age; (b) the age-related increase in MAP in men was primarily related to an increase in body fatness, whereas in women the distribution of fat was the primary factor; and (c) after the influence of the predictor variables of MAP were controlled, the relationship between MAP and age persisted in women beyond 62 years of age, but not in women younger than age 62 or in men of any age.

Associations of Dietary Fat, Regional Adiposity, and Blood Pressure in Men

Mediterranean populations have low incidence rates of cardiovascular disease and hypertension that may be due, in part, to dietary factors, particularly a relatively high intake of monounsaturated fat as olive oil. In this study, nutritional components (as grams per 4200 kJ) (1 kcal = 4.2 kJ) from three-day food records were examined in association with resting blood pressure in a cross-sectional survey of 76 sedentary middle-aged American men, aged 30 to 55 years, with resting blood pressures below 160/100 mm Hg. Systolic and diastolic blood pressures correlated significantly and inversely with monounsaturated fat consumption. Polyunsaturated fat consumption also correlated inversely with diastolic blood pressure; however, this relationship became nonsignificant when adjusted for an index of regional adiposity that characterizes the male-type obesity pattern. Detailed analyses of specific fatty acids showed that the correlations with monounsaturates were specific to oleic acid, and the correlation with polyunsaturates was specific to linoleic acid. Multiple regression analysis suggested that 18.2% of the variance in systolic blood pressure and 23.2% of the variance in diastolic blood pressure were related to monounsaturated and polyunsaturated fat consumption and regional adiposity. Thus, increased consumption of monounsaturated fat is related inversely to resting blood pressure, although causality remains to be determined.

RECORDING PORTAL VENOUS PRESSURE IN MAN

RECORDING PORTAL VENOUS PRESSURE IN MAN

成人病特に高血圧症の疫学的研究

By investigating the effect of habits and surroundings on the blood pressure (of hypertensives) in Okayama Prefecture, the following results were obtained:1. There was a close relation between drinking of alcoholic beverage and blood pressure but this concerned with men who acquired the habit of drinking by the force of surroundings. Strong tea and coffee, too, had something to do with blood pressure but in this case the surroundings were out of question.2. Blood pressure was apt to rise with men who took meals hastily but it had nothing to do with women.3. Those who were fond of excessively salty or fatty food often suffered from hypertension.4. Those who were particular about their food were found in the greatest number among the group of extreme hypertension.5. Hypertension was rarely found among those with constant poor appetite.6. Hypertension seldom attacked those who had the following complaints:To fall ill occasionally, to be always out of order, to have severe mental fatigue, to feel fatigue every morning, etc. But hereditary weak constitution had nothing to do with hypertension.7. The blood pressure rose when the time for sleeping was less than 4 hours. It also rose with those who were easily awakened from their sleep or could not enjoy a sound sleep. But it was difficult to find any immediate relations between the failure to sleep readily or to have regular hours for sleep and the blood pressure.8. Many heavy smokers were found among hypertensives which shows that smoking is the cause of high blood pressure.9. The blood pressure rose of women whose household operates less than 50 ares of farms while in the household with over one hectares, men's pressure rose. This is because in the former case, the stress of labor falls on women while in the latter, men bear the burden.10. The rate of grey hair and baldness was high with the group of hypertension irrespective of sex. The same was the case with the declining of memory.

A Comparison of Blood Pressure in Men and Women

Excerpt A study has been made of the routine blood pressure reading of all individuals admitted to the medical division of the out-patient department of the University of Minnesota Hospital. These ...

BLOOD PRESSURES IN MAN UNDER NORMAL AND PATHOLOGICAL CONDITIONS

ArticlesBLOOD PRESSURES IN MAN UNDER NORMAL AND PATHOLOGICAL CONDITIONSJ. A. MacWilliamJ. A. MacWilliamPublished Online:01 Jul 1925https://doi.org/10.1152/physrev.1925.5.3.303MoreSectionsPDF (5 MB)Download PDF ToolsExport citationAdd to favoritesGet permissionsTrack citations ShareShare onFacebookTwitterLinkedInWeChat Previous Back to Top Next Download PDF FiguresReferencesRelatedInformation Cited ByThe Status of the Emotions in Palpitation and Extrasystoles with a Note on ‘Effort Syndrome’11 December 2017 | The Psychoanalytic Quarterly, Vol. 10, No. 4HYPOTENSION AND FLYINGThe Lancet, Vol. 232, No. 6018A Study of Some Physiological Effects of Golf23 April 2013 | American Physical Education Review, Vol. 33, No. 10 More from this issue > Volume 5Issue 3July 1925Pages 303-335 https://doi.org/10.1152/physrev.1925.5.3.303History Published online 1 July 1925 Published in print 1 July 1925 Metrics

An Address ON BLOOD PRESSURE IN MAN: ITS ESTIMATION AND INDICATIONS FOR TREATMENT: Delivered before the Westminster Division of the British Medical Association

An Address ON BLOOD PRESSURE IN MAN: ITS ESTIMATION AND INDICATIONS FOR TREATMENT: Delivered before the Westminster Division of the British Medical Association

ON THE METHOD OF MEASURING THE SYSTOLIC PRESSURE IN MAN, AND THE ACCURACY OF THIS METHOD

On December 17th the temperature in the morning was 100.6? F.; the pulse 108, of good volume. He had passed a motion on the previous night. Respiration was less laboured. Flatus had been passed ; abdominal distension was much less and the patient felt better. A morphine injection was given at , bedtime. On December 18th the pulse was 126 ; he had slept well. In the evening he passed five loose motions. Morphine was repeated. On December 19th the pulse was 110 ; he had slept very well ; the bowels had been moved three times only. -Bismuth and morphine was given internally. The abdomen became distended, but this was relieved by a soap enema. On December 20th the morning temperature was 99.8?, the pulse 108 and of good volume. He had passed only one motion, and had slept well after a chloral and bromide draught. From December 21st to 27th the temperature ran an irregular course ; the bowels also moved freely, but no attempt was made to check the motions completely, as it produced distension and discomfort. Whenever tne motions were too frequent bismuth and morphine were given internally. In the meantime he was given digitalis and nux v?mica in a mixture, and was fed on cow's milk, malted milk, chicken broth, liquid peptonoids, brandy, etc. From December 27th, 1907, to January 1st, 1908, his temperature was normal, but there was then again a slight rise, not exceeding 99? F. The abdominal wound became infected, and had to be dressed daily. At one time a little faecal matter passed through the lower end of the wound, but it has since ceased. Now the wound is almost healed, and the patient is enjoying ^ordinary diet. Widal's test proved negative three times.