Rise In Pressure Drop Research Articles

Investigating the Effect of Heat Transfer Influenced by the Application of Wavy Corrugated Twisted Tape Inserts in Double Pipe Heat Exchangers

This study investigates the heat transfer and friction factor characteristics in a heat exchanger utilizing copper wavy (corrugated) twisted tape inserts. By inducing turbulent flow within the inner tube of the heat exchanger, these inserts generated increased turbulence, thereby enhancing heat transfer and causing a rise in pressure drop. The copper twisted tapes, with various twist ratios (TR=10.7, 8.5, 7.1), measured 1 meter in length and 14 mm in width. The heat exchanger's outer tube was made of mild steel, with an outer diameter of 0.0198 m and an inner diameter of 0.0142 m, while the inner tube was constructed of copper, with an outer diameter of 0.038 m and an inner diameter of 0.032 m. The overall length of the pipe-in-pipe heat exchanger was 1.4 m. Bulk mean temperatures were recorded at different positions for various water flow rates, and new correlations for the Nusselt number and friction factor were derived from the results for the twisted tape inserts. The Reynolds number ranged from 5000 to 17000. Comparative analyses revealed that the wavy twisted tape with a twist ratio of 7.1 provided the highest heat transfer rate, showing a 172% increase in the Nusselt number and a 32.11% increase in the friction factor relative to a smooth tube.

Numerical investigation of synergistic effects of magnetic fields and bluff bodies on heat transfer enhancement and pressure drop reduction in microchannels

Efficient thermal management is essential for designing compact and high-performance heat sinks and heat exchangers. This study addresses the challenge of optimizing heat transfer while minimizing pressure losses in systems exposed to concentrated heat flux by proposing a novel approach that employs both active and passive vortex generators. Specifically, a uniform magnetic field generated by permanent magnets and a bluff body are utilized within a microchannel containing a 2 vol% ferrofluid. Numerical simulations were performed across Reynolds numbers ranging from 100 to 500 and magnetic field intensities up to 0.5 T to evaluate the system's performance. The results demonstrate that the combination of magnetic fields and a bluff body induces vortex generation, alters velocity distribution, and enhances flow mixing, resulting in a 30 % increase in heat transfer efficiency and an 11 % reduction in pressure drop under optimal conditions. Although the introduction of barriers led to a 3 % rise in pressure drop, the uniform magnetic field effectively mitigated friction by reducing flow separation and limiting surface contact. These findings highlight the potential of this method for improving the design of advanced thermal management systems.

Analysis of cyclone separator solutions depending on spray ejector condenser conditions

The core design strategy for minimizing CO2 emissions in gas power plant entails combining a spray ejector condenser (SEC) and separator to accomplish steam condensation and CO2 purification. This innovative process involves direct-contact condensation of steam with CO2, facilitated by interaction with a subcooled water spray, along with a cyclone separator mechanism intended for generating pure CO2. The investigation of the SEC section, both experimentally and analytically, provides crucial insights into its operational dynamics. Given the susceptibility of cyclone efficiency to fluctuations in SEC conditions, this research endeavors to examine the impacts of CO2 volumetric flow rate and droplet break-up within the SEC on the separation efficacy of the cyclone separator. Additionally, the impact of cone size on the performance of the cyclone has been investigated. Here, a three-dimensional, transient, and turbulent cyclone separator is numerically simulated using Ansys Fluent 2021 R1. The Reynolds Stress Model is employed to simulate turbulent flow, while a mixture model is utilized to replicate swirl two-phase flow within the separators. The findings revealed that reductions in steam and CO2 flow rates were associated with a decrease in outlet temperature but an increase in SEC inlet temperature, leading to a rise in temperature difference and heat transfer rate. Furthermore, an augmentation in cyclone cone size (from 0.2 to 0.5 m) resulted in enhanced separation efficiency (from 77.30 % to 80.98 %) alongside an elevation in pressure drop (from 6.08 Pa to 10.91 Pa), suggesting a compromise between CO2 purification and energy consumption. Additionally, elevated CO2 flow rates induced a rise in pressure drop and separation efficiency, ultimately achieving maximum efficiency at a rate of 24 gs. Moreover, the exploration into droplet breakup manifesting in a boost in separation efficiency from 50.98 % to 100 % across droplet diameters ranging from 1 to 20 μm.

Stability, thermophysical properties, forced convective heat transfer, entropy minimization and exergy performance of a novel hybrid nanofluid: Experimental study

This research explores how incorporating graphene oxide (GO) into red mud (RM) creates a superior nanomaterial for heat transfer applications. RM's inherent stability and thermal conductivity (TC), stemming from its metal oxide composition, are further amplified by this hybrid nano-composite. The study primarily investigates the thermal performance of water-based RM mono nanofluid and hybrid RM + GO (50:50) nanofluids (HNFs) at nanoparticle concentrations of 0.1–0.75 vol%. An experimental setup consisting of a copper tube under turbulent flow conditions with a constant heat flux and a bulk fluid temperature of 60 °C was used to test the performance of HNF. Various techniques are used to characterize the nanoparticles (NPs), and evaluate the thermophysical properties of nanofluids. The experimental data reveal that the heat transfer coefficient (HTC) increases with higher inlet fluid velocity and nanoparticle concentrations. Notably, the HNF demonstrates a significant improvement of 47.2 % in Nusselt number (Nu) and a 13.6 % rise in pressure drop (Δp) compared to base fluid, at 0.75 vol%. The least entropy generation number (EGN) is obtained for the HNF (0.0049) compared to the RM NF (0.00583) at a concentration of 0.75 vol%. The exergy efficiency improves with an increase in concentration and Reynolds number (Re). Additionally, the study identifies the performance index (PI) of NFs and modelled correlations for estimating the Nu and friction factor (f) within the investigated concentration range.

Comparisons of two-phase condensation and single-phase heat transfer and frictional pressure drop characteristics and energy-saving performance analysis of R-32 and R-410A in plate heat exchanger

In this study, the heat transfer and frictional pressure drop characteristics of R-32 and R-410A in a plate heat exchanger are experimentally evaluated. The study comprises two-phase condensation, single-phase vapor, and liquid cooling experiments of R-32 and R-410A, as well as an independent single-phase water heat transfer experiment. The effects of heat flux, mass flux, condensing pressure, mean vapor quality, and refrigerant Reynolds number on heat transfer and pressure drop are assessed for comparisons of R32 and R410A. The results demonstrate that the heat transfer performance and frictional pressure drop increase with rising mass flux and mean vapor quality and decrease with declining condensing pressure in the two-phase condensation experiments. Furthermore, increasing the heat flux enhances the heat transfer performance while having negligible impact on the frictional pressure drop. In the single-phase cooling experiments, both heat transfer performance and frictional pressure drop rise with increasing refrigerant flow rate. Based on the experimental results, Nusselt number and friction factor correlations for two- and single-phase flows of R-32 and R-410A are developed and compared with the correlations from other studies. Finally, energy-saving performance is evaluated and compared between the refrigerants.

Thermohydraulic performance study of the effect of winglet inserts and a corrugated wall in a rectangular channel

This numerical study investigates the enhancement of heat transfer and pressure drop characteristics in rectangular channels with transverse corrugations and longitudinal winglet vortex generators. Numerical simulations cover a range of Reynolds numbers (Re) (5000–20000) using channels with uniform wall heat flux and fixed wavelength. The study evaluates the influence of geometrical parameters (corrugated channel amplitude and winglet length) on flow and temperature characteristics, average Nusselt number (Nu), and pressure drop. Corrugated channels alone create stationary transverse vortices that impede heat transfer. However, integrating winglet vortex generators introduces beneficial longitudinal vortices, disrupting stationary vortices, perturbing the thermal boundary layer, enhancing near-wall turbulence, and improving fluid mixing and heat transfer compared to smooth and corrugated channels. At Reynolds number (Re)20,000, corrugated channels with winglets exhibit 167.7 % and 61.8 % higher Nusselt numbers compared to smooth and corrugated channels, respectively. However, this enhanced heat transfer accompanies increased pressure drop. Both heat transfer and pressure drop rise with higher Reynolds numbers (Re), corrugation amplitude, and winglet length. This study provides insights into heat transfer mechanisms in corrugated channels and the potential for improvement through winglet vortex generators.

Electrospun nylon‐66 nanofiber coated filter media for engine air filtration applications

AbstractAir filtration plays a vital role in the performance and operations of engines, especially for heavy‐duty combat vehicles operating in the desert environment. Conventional cellulose media comprises micro‐fibers exhibiting low filtration efficiency for particles within the range of 0.1 to 0.5 μm (most penetrating particle size, MPPS). Nanofiber coating on cellulose media can increase the filtration efficiency, however, with the penalty of an increase in pressure drop. The features of nylon‐66 nanofibers, such as high mechanical strength, greater thermal stability, and high surface‐to‐volume ratio, will be beneficial for developing nano‐coated filter media. In this study, electrospun nylon‐66 nanofibers were coated over two cellulose‐based filter media and tested on an air filtration test rig that employs a suction‐type blower replicating the realistic condition of a heavy‐duty engine intake. The test rig was fabricated to evaluate the performance of the nano‐coated filter media in terms of pressure drop, filtration efficiency, and quality factor (Q‐factor). The experimental results demonstrated that the nylon‐66 nano‐coated media have higher Q‐factor (in the MPPS range) than the cellulose media due to the increased filtration efficiency compared to the rise in pressure drop. Therefore, such electrospun nylon‐66 nanofiber‐coated air filters can be an alternative to conventional cellulose media.

Modeling and numerical simulation of non-Newtonian arterial blood flow for mild to severe stenosis

The fundamental cause of coronary heart disease is thought to be atherosclerosis. Blood flow in arteries under plaque formation is widely studied using both experimental and theoretical methods in literature. This paper presents a comprehensive study on the mathematical modelling and numerical simulation of non-Newtonian blood flow in an idealized stenosed artery. Non-Newtonian behavior of blood flow is assumed by Casson and Quemada fluid models. An analysis is performed for four forms of stenosis, 50%, 60%, 70%, and 80%, which are defined by a narrowing of the artery's diameter. The mathematical model for non-Newtonian fluid transport is presented in the form of highly nonlinear coupled partial differential equations. A finite-volume approach is used to solve the system of equations numerically. The solutions are obtained using a hybrid mesh with hexahedron and tetrahedron control volumes. Numerical solutions are validated first with experimental results from the literature for a Newtonian fluid, and then the results are extended to non-Newtonian fluid models. It can be observed that the non-Newtonian nature of the fluid model influences flow dynamics and is a significant aspect to consider for arteries with small diameter. The velocity and pressure drop rise as the degree of stenosis develops. Wall shear is substantially larger in stenotic passages and severity of stenosis is directly related with this increasing behavior.

Experimental Investigations on the Performance of Thermosyphon Solar Flat Plate Collector using TiO2 Nanofluids

Titanium dioxide nanofluid is used in the thermosyphon solar flat plate collector at volume fractions of 0.1%, 0.3%, 0.5%, 0.7%, and 1% to test the collector’s effectiveness. The heat transfer coefficient, Nusselt number, friction factor, and pressure drop calculations were used to analyze the impact of adding nanoparticles to the working fluid. The effectiveness of the solar flat plate collector and the heat transfer coefficient are both greatly affected by the addition of titanium dioxide to the working fluid, with a tolerable rise in pressure drop. With concomitant variances of 15% and 13%, correlations were constructed for the Nusselt number and friction factor.

Performance Enhancement Using Porous Slabs in a Jet Impingement Microchannel Heat Sink

Numerical study of a novel microjet impingement microchannel heat sink with porous media is proposed. Hydrothermal performance of the hybrid heat sink is investigated and compared with no porous media heat sink at Reynolds number 200 to 500 for several configurations of the porous slabs such as fully filled porous channel, bottom porous slab, side porous slab and slotted porous slabs in between two jets. Hybrid heat sink with fully filled porous media and slotted porous slab yielded lower wall temperatures; however, higher rise in pressure drop obtained. Furthermore, pressure drop is lowered remarkably with a reasonable rise in wall temperature in heat sink with slotted porous slabs. The changes in porous slab size affected abruptly the overall performance such as figure of merit. Thus, optimal size of the porous slabs as a function of Reynolds number is investigated for different configurations. The heat sink with 0.15 mm thick porous slabs at the base exhibited better overall performance at high Reynolds numbers, whereas at low Reynolds numbers, slotted porous slab of 0.5 mm length in the middle of impingements showed better overall performance. Generalized correlations of Nusselt numbers are developed for different cases helping optimize the heat sink design.

Numerical investigation of thermo-hydraulic performance utilizing clove-treated graphene nanoplatelets nanofluid in an annular passage with perforated curve fins

The use of fins is critical for improving the heat transmission of annular passages. This paper numerically investigated the thermo-hydraulic performance of finned annular conduits with varying hole numbers (0–16) and configurations. The clove-treated graphene nanoplatelets/distilled water (CGNP/DW) nanofluid 0.1 wt% was employed as the working fluid. Moreover, ANSYS FLUENT was utilized to study the flow characteristics with Reynolds numbers ranging from 611 to 10,389. Five curve fins were mounted on the inner wall of an annular conduit with an isolated outer surface and a constant heat flux inner pipe. According to the results, the eight-hole configuration obtained the highest performance evaluation criteria (PEC) value. This design offered advantages for use in laminar and transitional regions with Reynolds numbers lower than 4277, where all the PEC values were higher than 1. Furthermore, CGNP nanofluid improved the heat transfer coefficient by 11.87% and 11.43% for the curve fin conduit with eight holes and smooth pipe, respectively, with a negligible rise in pressure drop. The maximum heat transfer coefficient enhancement attained was 49.88% using the curve fin conduit with eight holes and CGNP nanofluid. Lastly, the curve fin conduit with eight holes was recommended with a heat transfer coefficient lower than 2000 W/m2K, where either CGNP nanofluid or DW was employed.

Composite nonwoven filter media with hierarchically arranged fibres of different geometries for automotive engine intake air filtration

This paper reports the development, characterization, and performance assessment of a series of promisingly designed nonwoven air filter media for automotive engine intake application. Commercially available fibres are processed through a laboratory-based needle-punched nonwoven line to prepare a plurality of composite nonwoven filter media with hierarchically arranged fibres of different sizes or shapes. The filter media are then assessed for their dynamic filtration performance both at cleaned and clogging states by employing testing devices based on gravimetric measurement and particle counting technologies. The composite nonwoven filter media with hierarchically arranged fibres of different geometries display excellent filtration performance and are found to be very promising for commercial engine application. As compared to their homogeneously-mixed counterparts, the composite nonwoven filter media offer higher gravimetric as well as fractional filtration efficiency, higher dust holding capacity, and more delayed rise of pressure drop.

Effect of splitter angles and orientations attached to pin fin on heat transfer and hydraulic characteristics in a jet impingement rectangular channel

Heat transfer improvement of heat sinks is very interesting in many applications including electronic devices cooling. In this study, the influence of rotational angle of splitters attached to pin fins for two cases of identical and opposite directions is investigated. Five angles including 0, 30, 45, 60 and 90 are considered in the analysis conducted for the rectangular channel. Air as the heat transfer fluid at 302 K and 35,000 Reynolds number enters the channel. The temperature of the bottom of the channel is assumed to be constant. 18 rows of circular pin fins on which splitters are attached for enhancement of heat transfer are examined. In the numerical analysis, Nusselt number, turbulent kinetic energy, friction factor and pressure drop are analyzed parameters. The simulation of the models presented in the current study is endeavored using ANSYS Fluent software, which employs finite volume method. Results revealed that, for the identical-direction case, as the angle rises, the average Nusselt number, turbulent kinetic energy, friction factor and pressure drop increase, in a way that for the case of 90 degree, Nusselt number is 9 % and turbulent kinetic energy is 96 % higher than the base case of zero angle. Moreover, friction factor and pressure drop of the vertical-splitter case are 4.8 and 4.6 times more than those of the base case. It is also concluded that increasing angle from 0 to 45° for the opposite-direction case, Nusselt number diminishes. However, extra increase in the angle from 45 to 90 degree results in Nusselt number enhancement. Similar trend of variation is also reported for turbulent kinetic energy. Results also indicated that for the opposite-direction case, friction factor and pressure drop rise; for the case of 90 degree, friction factor and pressure drop increase 4.4 and 4.32 times, respectively.

Thermal performance of double-layer porous-microchannel with phase change slurry

Combining porous media paved on sidewall and microencapsulated phase change material (MPCM) suspension as coolant is presented in double-layered microchannel heat sink (MCHS), in which more surface area of porous copper matrix with high thermal conductivity as well as greater temperature difference between the heating wall and working fluid during phase transition of MPCM will enhance heat transfer. The Forchheimer-Brinkman-Darcy model together with energy equation in local thermal equilibrium are employed to deal with fluid flow and heat transfer in porous ribs, and the equivalent heat capacity method is used to describe the phase change process of microcapsules under laminar flow. The influences of coolants, heat sink designs (including the thickness, height, porosity and pore size of porous medium as well as channel number) and working conditions (involving inlet velocity, heat flux and suspension concentration) on thermal and hydraulic characteristics are numerically investigated. The performance evaluation factor (PEF) is introduced to evaluate the comprehensive thermal–hydraulic performance of double-layered MCHS, and the effective performance evaluation factor (PEFeff) is used to compare the overall performance of porous-wall MCHS between conventional arrangements, different channel aspect ratio and channel height ratio configurations. The thickness and height of porous media paved on sidewall should be adjusted reasonably, especially for the arrangement of non-equal porous media, to obtain better overall performance. Different from the variable porosity configuration, the double-layered MCHS cannot rely on losing part of flow performance to obtain better thermal performance in smaller pore size mode, so a larger pore size can be selected to obtain better thermal–hydraulic performance according to actual working conditions. The PEF at larger flow velocity decreases due to higher pressure drop exceeding the benefit of more convection on heat transfer enhancement, in which case the phase change effect in porous-wall mode with MPCM suspension as coolant is suppressed and higher viscosity amplifies the effect of frictional resistance, resulting in a greater drop ratio of PEF than water. The greater PEF in porous-wall MCHS with suspension concentration increasing from 3% to 20% arises than that in non-porous mode, due to the larger surface area of copper matrix with high thermal conductivity and more MPCM particles available for phase transition. The larger aspect ratio configuration can achieve greater PEFeff rise and better overall performance by optimizing fluid velocity in the current mode due to greater thermal resistance drop and less pressure drop rise at lower flow rates, but the variable height ratio structure makes the comprehensive performance of porous-wall MCHS inferior to conventional arrangement due to larger pressure drop rise outweighing the benefits of heat transfer enhancement at the same total volume flux.

Thermal management of Electronics: Numerical investigation of triangular finned heat sink

The micro pin fin heat sink is an innovative method to enhance heat dissipation from the electronic system. The various geometrical configuration of the triangular micro pin fin heat sink (TMPFHS) for the fluid and heat transfer characteristics is numerically investigated in the present work. Finally, the best configuration is proposed. Three different configurations of triangular pin fin have been considered (i) uniformly varying the fin height ranging 0.25 mm-0.75 mm. (ii) Orientation of fin both in the clockwise and counter-clockwise direction (30°, 40°, 50o, and 60°) (iii) Change in the direction of fins facing upstream fluid from forward triangular to backward triangular between two successive rows and vice versa. A 3-Dimensional numerical simulation is carried out for a triangular finned heat sink arranged staggered manner subjected to 10 W/cm2. A single-phase laminar flow is considered for Reynolds numbers ranging from 100 to 900 using coolant water. Results reveal that the heat dissipation rate for all the configurations increases substantially with the rise in pressure drop. A Non-dimensional parameter thermal performance index (TPI) is employed to access the superior heat sink in maximum dissipation and minimum pressure drop. The TPI with alternate forward and backward arrangement outperforms all other configurations of the range 1.01–1.44.

RETRACTED ARTICLE: Numerical assessment of the influence of helical baffle on the hydrothermal aspects of nanofluid turbulent forced convection inside a heat exchanger

This study is devoted to the numerical assessment of the influence of helical baffle on the hydrothermal aspects and irreversibility behavior of the turbulent forced convection flow of water-CuO nanofluid (NF) inside a hairpin heat exchanger with 100 mm length, 10 mm inner tube internal diameter, and 15 mm outer diameter internal diameter. The variations of the first-law and second-law performance metrics are investigated in terms of Reynolds number (Re = 5000–10,000), volume concentration of NF (varphi =0-4mathrm{%}) and baffle pitch (B = 25–100 mm). The results show that the NF Nusselt number grows with the rise of both the Re and varphi whereas it declines with the rise of B. In addition, the outcomes depicted that the rise of both Re and varphi results in the rise of pressure drop, while it declines with the increase of B. Moreover, it was found that the best thermal performance of NF is equal to 1.067, which belongs to the case B = 33.3 mm, varphi=2%, and Re = 10,000. Furthermore, it was shown that irreversibilities due to fluid friction and heat transfer augment with the rise of Re while the rise of B results in the decrease of frictional irreversibilities. Finally, the outcomes revealed that with the rise of B, the heat transfer irreversibilities first intensify and then diminish.

Liquid-mediated particle capture by nonwoven filter media for automotive engine intake air filtration

This article reports on development, characterization, and performance of liquid-treated nonwoven air filter media for automotive engine intake application. A polypropylene fiber-based needle-punched nonwoven fabric was prepared for treatment with four viscous liquids (glycerol, SAE 20W/50 engine oil, PEG 400, and deionized water) by liquid spraying technique. The filtration performance was evaluated in terms of initial and final gravimetric filtration efficiencies, fractional filtration efficiency, evolution of pressure drop, and dust holding capacity. The liquid-treated filter media registered higher gravimetric as well as fractional filtration efficiency and higher dust holding capacity as compared to the untreated ones. The initial and final gravimetric filtration efficiencies were found to be directly related to liquid add-on via a power law relationship. The liquid-treated filter media also exhibited higher fractional filtration efficiency than their untreated counterparts for all sizes of tested particles. Interestingly, the increase of fractional efficiency was more for smaller particles as compared to larger ones. This was explained quantitatively through single fiber efficiency due to adhesion. The viscosity of liquid was found to be a very crucial parameter as the dust deposition morphology was contingent to the flow of liquid onto the filter media. The stickiest liquid yielded highest filtration efficiencies, displayed slowest rise of pressure drop, and exhibited highest dust holding capacity.

Performance analysis of inclined microjet impingement heat sink with porous medium

The purpose of this research is to find out how well inclined microjet array heat sinks with porous pillars in microchannels perform in electronic cooling applications. The investigation is carried out through CFD analysis for laminar flow with water as heat transfer fluid. Outlet temperature and pressure drop variations are analysed by varying the number of nozzles, jet spacing and porosity of the porous pillars for determining the thermal and hydraulic performance of the inclined micro jet heat sink. The performance of the microjet heat sink was evaluated for a jet array consisting of 2, 6, 10, 14. 18 jets with porous pillars of different porosity values. The idea behind adding porous medium in microchannels was to increase the heat transfer rate between the solid–liquid interface. A constant heat flux of 200 kW/m2 was provided at the bottom surface of the copper substrate to simulate the actual heat generation in electronic devices. The results showed there was a significant improvement in thermal effectiveness in the inclined microjet heat sink with the addition of porous medium. The outlet temperature of water increased by 4.5 °C with the addition of porous medium. Although some rise in pressure drop was also observed, the penalty of it was not as significant when compared with the improvement in heat transfer performance.

Eulerian-Lagrangian investigation of nanoparticle migration in the heat sink by considering different block shape effects

In this study, the Eulerian-Lagrangian method is employed to inspect the impact of nanoparticle migration on the hydrothermal and entropy generation features of Fe3O4–water nanofluid in a ribbed-blocked microchannel with two different arrangements. The results are compared with those of the plain microchannel at different volumes of flow rate and nanoparticle concentration. It was found that the nanoparticle migration results in an increase in the pressure drop, friction factor, heat transfer coefficient, overall hydrothermal performance of nanofluid as well as the thermal and frictional entropy generations. In addition, it was depicted that the increase of mass flow rate is associated with the rise of pressure drop, heat transfer coefficient and frictional entropy generation and the decrease of friction factor and thermal entropy generation. Moreover, the augmentation of nanoparticle volume fraction was associated with increasing pressure drop, friction factor, and heat transfer coefficient and the decrease of thermal entropy generation. Finally, it was found that for all the examined cases, the overall hydrothermal performance of the Fe3O4-water nanofluid is better than the pure water.

Heat transfer performance comparison of printed circuit heat exchangers with straight, zigzag and serpentine flow channels for waste heat recovery

In the present study, a printed circuit heat exchanger (PCHE) is investigated numerically by solving the steady-state Navier–Stokes equations and energy equation. The PCHE is equipped with straight, wavy, and serpentine flow channels, allowing us to investigate the PCHE performance on a systematic basis of effectiveness and pressure drop between the inlet and outlet of the flow channels. Liquid water is utilized as a working fluid at temperatures of 30°C to 90°C, with geothermal heating rarely targeted for using water from hot springs. The numerical results are validated with experimental data, confirming that the shear stress transport (SST) turbulence model is suited for providing adequate accuracy. This study is intended to delve into several possible designs of PCHE's flow channels to reduce the pressure drop while increasing the effectiveness. Given the PCHE with 13 zigzag flow channels of the bending angle of 150°, the results show that the PCHE with the zigzag flow channels at a mass flow rate of 0.113 kg/s possesses significant heat transfer enhancement. When compared to the other two tested PCHEs (straight flow and serpentine flow passages), a 65% increase in effectiveness and a 39% rise in pressure drop are exhibited. The PCHE can be regarded as a recuperator of the Organic Rankine Cycle (ORC) and is generally thought to be an important part of maximizing the efficiency of the cycle. The favorable features of the zigzag PCHE make it possible to seamlessly integrate the zigzag PCHE into ORC as part of a waste heat recovery system in a feasible way to improve the ORC efficiency.