Press Ltd Research Articles

Mark Bray & Ora Kwo (eds.) (2014). Regulating Private Tutoring for Public Good: Policy Options for Supplementary Education in Asia. Hong Kong: The Central Printing Press Ltd.

Mark Bray & Ora Kwo (eds.) (2014). Regulating Private Tutoring for Public Good: Policy Options for Supplementary Education in Asia. Hong Kong: The Central Printing Press Ltd.

Computed tomography of the chest: I. Basic principles

### Key points The conventional chest radiograph superimposes a three-dimensional image onto a two-dimensional surface, so limiting its clinical usefulness. Since its introduction in 1971, X-ray computed tomography (CT) has rapidly evolved into an essential diagnostic imaging tool that forms a cross-sectional image, avoiding the super-imposition of structures that occurs in conventional chest imaging, with a >10-fold increase in attenuation sensitivity. Although CT imaging is reported by radiologists, it is important for both anaesthetists and intensivists to be able to interpret the scans, as reporting facilities may not be immediately available. Furthermore, the radiologist may not fully report all facets of a detailed scan and further information may be acquired by a physician with the ability to interpret CT scans. This is the first in a series of two articles written for anaesthetists and intensivists covering both thoracic anatomy and pathology as it relates to CT. A CT scanner makes many measurements, from different rotational angles, of X-ray attenuation ( weakening in force or intensity ) through the cross-sectional plane of the thorax. It then uses these data to reconstruct a digital representation of the cross-section with …

BernardHarrison, What Is Fiction For? Literary Humanism Restored (Bloomington and Indianapolis, IN: Indiana U.P., 2015). ISBN 978‐0‐253‐01406‐1 (hb) 978‐0‐253‐01408‐5 (pb) 978‐0‐253‐01412‐2 (eb), xxvi + 594, price £22.99 pb.

Philosophical InvestigationsVolume 39, Issue 2 p. 192-195 Review Harrison, Bernard, What Is Fiction For? Literary Humanism Restored ( Bloomington and Indianapolis, IN: Indiana U.P., 2015). ISBN 978-0-253-01406-1 (hb) 978-0-253-01408-5 (pb) 978-0-253-01412-2 (eb), xxvi + 594, price £22.99 pb. Ian Robinson, Ian Robinson The Brynmill Press Ltd, 2 Lawrence Place, Newark, Nottinghamshire NG24 1NASearch for more papers by this author Ian Robinson, Ian Robinson The Brynmill Press Ltd, 2 Lawrence Place, Newark, Nottinghamshire NG24 1NASearch for more papers by this author First published: 19 November 2015 https://doi.org/10.1111/phin.12126Read the full textAboutPDF ToolsRequest permissionExport citationAdd to favoritesTrack citation ShareShare Give accessShare full text accessShare full-text accessPlease review our Terms and Conditions of Use and check box below to share full-text version of article.I have read and accept the Wiley Online Library Terms and Conditions of UseShareable LinkUse the link below to share a full-text version of this article with your friends and colleagues. Learn more.Copy URL Share a linkShare onFacebookTwitterLinked InRedditWechat Volume39, Issue2Special Issue: Wittgenstein and PersuasionApril 2016Pages 192-195 RelatedInformation

A defining moment for aesthetic nurses

ISSN 2050-3717 Printed by Pensord Press Ltd, Blackwood, NP12 2YA CONSULTANT EDITOR Cheryl Barton Aesthetic Nurse and Managing Director, Aesthetika, Sheffield EDITORIAL BOARD Julie Brackenbury Aesthetic Nurse Consultant, Bristol Susie Byass Aesthetic Nurse Practitioner, Rejuvenating Solutions Ltd, Berwick Upon Tweed Annie Cartwright Advanced Aesthetic Practitioner and Director, Skin & Face Clinics Ltd, Cardiff, Wales Leslie Fletcher Aesthetic Nurse Specialist, USA. Founder of the InjectAbility Institute for Aesthetic Education Trudy Friedman Aesthetic Nurse Practitioner, Aesthetic Skin Centre Sarah Holness Clinic Director, Sarah Holness Aesthetics, Kent Yvonne Senior Advanced Aesthetic Nurse Practitioner, Independent Prescriber and mentor. Trainer and co-founder of PIAPA Nicola Webster Clinical Director and Aesthetic Nurse, Rejuven8, Doncaster Lynn Warren Clinic Director, The Retreat Beauty Clinic and Cosmedical Ltd, Leeds EDITOR: Natasha Devan natasha.devan@markallengroup.com GROUP CLASSIFIED MANAGER: Rachel McElhinney rachel.mcelhinney@markallengroup.com CIRCULATION DIRECTOR: Sally Boettcher PRODUCTION MANAGER: Jon Redmayne PUBLISHER: Anthony Kerr anthony.kerr@markallengroup.com ASSOCIATE PUBLISHER: Julie Smith COMMERCIAL MANAGER: Hanette Ibrahim hanette.ibrahim@markallengroup.com CHIEF EXECUTIVE OFFICER: Ben Allen MANAGING DIRECTOR: Jon Benson O n 5 June 2015, the British Association of Cosmetic Nurses (BACN) and the Private Independent Aesthetic Practices Association (PIAPA) released a joint statement over their shared concern regarding the promotion and marketing of voluntary registers, and questioned whether these registers can claim ‘safer’ clinicians (BACN and PIAPA, 2015). Both the BACN and PIAPA, who hold a ‘register’ of their members, are participating in the Nursing and Midwifery Council (NMC) revalidation pilot group, the new process by which nurses and midwives demonstrate that they practise safely and effectively. They are also contributing to the work of Health Education North West London, which is leading the review of the qualifications required for the provision of non-surgical cosmetic procedures. The publication of a joint statement from BACN and PIAPA was a defining moment for professional aesthetic nurses. To the best of my knowledge, this was the first time that nurses from the two largest professional aesthetic nursing organisations have collectively combined and cooperated as one single voice. We were left in no doubt that the message given by them was both serious and weighty. The statement said: ‘We firmly believe that no nurse, doctor or dentist should feel the need to join a fee-charging voluntary registration body to reassure the general public as to their professional competence’. It continued: ‘Any voluntary register that is offering guarantees of professional practice beyond a premises check could not sustain this position if this is challenged by a patient. Any complaint would always find its way back to the governing councils. The voluntary registers therefore cannot offer any kind of guarantee of patient safety or access to a process for complaints without the approval of the governing councils.’ Although the NMC exists to ‘protect the public’, it remains reluctant to engage or even consult on any guidance for aesthetic nurses. On 8 June, the NMC (@nmcnews) sent a tweet stating ‘we have no plans at present to issue specific guidance on cosmetic nursing’. Meanwhile, the mandatory bodies of our colleagues are acting. The General Medical Council (2015) is now consulting on guidance for doctors offering surgical and non-surgical cosmetic interventions, to promote safe, patient-centred care, by ensuring doctors know what is expected of them. To my relief, I noted that there is an NMC registrant, who is also an aesthetic prescribing nurse, sitting on that group. Likewise, the General Dental Council is actively campaigning and even prosecuting non-compliant therapists who are illegally practising and training others on teeth whitening. It is the deafening silence of the NMC that remains the elephant in the statutory bodies’ room. Patients, the public and our professional colleagues rightly expect that we are delivering care as NMC registrants within agreed ethical, legal and practical standards. Aesthetic nurses are looking to their own mandatory body for leadership on how best to assure patients and consumers that those who carry out cosmetic procedures have the skills to do so. Further delay in addressing the issue of guidance for aesthetic nurses may risk the NMC again being labelled as ‘out of touch’ or ‘not acting in the public interest’. It is now time that the BACN and PIAPA, with their new found symbiosis and collective voice, clear their desks to urgently prepare and issue another joint statement, starting with something like this: Dear NMC...

Changing the message to stimulate progress

Journal of Health Visiting › June 2015 › Volume 3 Issue 6 305 © MA Healthcare Ltd, 2015. All rights reserved. No part of Journal of Health Visiting may be reproduced, stored in a retrieval system, or transmitted in any form or by any means electronic, mechanical, photocopying, recording, or otherwise without prior written permission of the Publishing Director. The views expressed do not necessarily represent those of the editor or the Journal of Health Visiting. Advertisements in the journal do not imply endorsement of the products or services advertised. ISSN 2050-8719 Printed by Pensord Press Ltd, Blackwood, NP12 2YA Cover photo: iStockPhoto/guenterguni MA Healthcare Ltd is part of the Mark Allen Group

Take action to promote important causes

Journal of Health Visiting › April 2015 › Volume 3 Issue 4 185 © MA Healthcare Ltd, 2015. All rights reserved. No part of Journal of Health Visiting may be reproduced, stored in a retrieval system, or transmitted in any form or by any means electronic, mechanical, photocopying, recording, or otherwise without prior written permission of the Publishing Director. The views expressed do not necessarily represent those of the editor or the Journal of Health Visiting. Advertisements in the journal do not imply endorsement of the products or services advertised. ISSN 2050-8719 Printed by Pensord Press Ltd, Blackwood, NP12 2YA Cover photo: iStockPhoto/AndyDiamond MA Healthcare Ltd is part of the Mark Allen Group

Early intervention: The words are not enough

Journal of Health Visiting › March 2015 › Volume 3 Issue 3 125 © MA Healthcare Ltd, 2015. All rights reserved. No part of Journal of Health Visiting may be reproduced, stored in a retrieval system, or transmitted in any form or by any means electronic, mechanical, photocopying, recording, or otherwise without prior written permission of the Publishing Director. The views expressed do not necessarily represent those of the editor or the Journal of Health Visiting. Advertisements in the journal do not imply endorsement of the products or services advertised. ISSN 2050-8719 Printed by Pensord Press Ltd, Blackwood, NP12 2YA Cover photo: iStockphoto/walbyent MA Healthcare Ltd is part of the Mark Allen Group

A year of changes: Seizing the opportunities

Journal of Health Visiting › February 2015 › Volume 3 Issue 2 65 © MA Healthcare Ltd, 2015. All rights reserved. No part of Journal of Health Visiting may be reproduced, stored in a retrieval system, or transmitted in any form or by any means electronic, mechanical, photocopying, recording, or otherwise without prior written permission of the Publishing Director. The views expressed do not necessarily represent those of the editor or the Journal of Health Visiting. Advertisements in the journal do not imply endorsement of the products or services advertised. ISSN 2050-8719 Printed by Pensord Press Ltd, Blackwood, NP12 2YA Cover photo: Science Photo Library MA Healthcare Ltd is part of the Mark Allen Group

Buy one, get one free has no place in medicine

ISSN 2050-3717 Printed by Pensord Press Ltd, Blackwood, NP12 2YA CONSULTANT EDITOR Cheryl Barton Aesthetic Nurse and Managing Director, Aesthetika, Sheffield EDITORIAL BOARD Julie Brackenbury Aesthetic Nurse Consultant, Bristol Susie Byass Aesthetic Nurse Practitioner, Rejuvenating Solutions Ltd, Berwick Upon Tweed Annie Cartwright Advanced Aesthetic Practitioner and Director, Skin & Face Clinics Ltd, Cardiff, Wales Leslie Fletcher Aesthetic Nurse Specialist, USA. Founder of the InjectAbility Institute for Aesthetic Education Trudy Friedman Aesthetic Nurse Practitioner, Aesthetic Skin Centre Sarah Holness Clinic Director, Sarah Holness Aesthetics, Kent Yvonne Senior Advanced Aesthetic Nurse Practitioner, Independent Prescriber and mentor. Trainer and co-founder of PIAPA Nicola Webster Clinical Director and Aesthetic Nurse, Rejuven8, Doncaster Lynn Warren Clinic Director, The Retreat Beauty Clinic and Cosmedical Ltd, Leeds EDITOR: Natasha Devan natasha.devan@markallengroup.com GROUP CLASSIFIED MANAGER: Rachel McElhinney rachel.mcelhinney@markallengroup.com CIRCULATION DIRECTOR: Sally Boettcher PRODUCTION MANAGER: Jon Redmayne PUBLISHER: Anthony Kerr anthony.kerr@markallengroup.com ASSOCIATE PUBLISHER: Julie Smith COMMERCIAL MANAGER: Katie Smith katie.smith@markallengroup.com CHIEF EXECUTIVE OFFICER: Ben Allen MANAGING DIRECTOR: Jon Benson C onsumers have always been attracted by the idea of getting something for nothing, or as we say in Yorkshire ‘sumit fer nowt’. One of the best known marketing strategies is buy one, get one free, or BOGOF, which whether you say it quickly, loudly or under your breath, could be mistaken for swearing. BOGOF is synonymous with the pile ‘em high, sell ‘em cheap marketing concept, adopted by big supermarket chains in an attempt to sell customers more products. It seems to have made its first appearance in the UK sometime during the 1970s recession, at a time when food prices were very high. The term subsequently re-emerged in the late 1990s, led by the same supermarkets, this time in order to gain a competitive edge and advantage over each other in their determination to sell us even more food. In 2014, those very same supermarkets who introduced us to the BOGOF and its little brother, buy two get one free, were told in no uncertain terms by their Lordships to ‘move away from such offers’. Baroness Scott, chairwoman of the House of Lords European Union Committee, referred to offers such as BOGOF as ‘morally repugnant’ (Sky News, 2014). According to the Which? 2014 supermarket survey, Aldi is now the nation’s favourite supermarket, narrowly beating Waitrose, who held the best supermarket crown for years (Ellicott, 2014). Interestingly, Aldi has never used BOGOF. We are now familiar with the irresponsible use of the BOGOF in the aesthetic sector, where it has become common practice to advertise ‘buy one syringe, get one free’. But come on, get an extra one? And for free? Who could possibly say no? The BOGOF slogan, initially associated with dermal fillers, has also seeped into the illicit promotion of botulinum toxin type A. Buy one area get one free, buy two areas get a third free—a serious breach of advertising practice, not seen or tolerated with any other prescribed medicine in the UK or Europe. Furthermore, offering one syringe at half price or for free may mean that some offers are in breach of the Trade Description Act 1968, which states that ‘non-discounted prices should be the amount a product was sold at for 28 consecutive days immediately prior to it going on offer, while a product should not ordinarily be on offer for longer than it was at the higher price’. When it comes to marketing and advertising our clinics, we really have lots to learn and lots to lose. Most of us don’t employ full-time business/marketing managers, who can cite the Committee of Advertising Practice Code and Trade Description Act verbatim. Small independent practices are purchasers and providers in a sector where the tectonic plates of medicine and commerce grate; we face mounting competition and serve an increasingly knowledgeable patient. So when the sales rep approaches with a buy five get two free offer, what should we do? BOGOFs on stationery and consumables are fine, but medical devices? Wouldn’t it be more acceptable for manufacturers to take a page out of Aldi’s book by reducing single unit prices? Not only do BOGOF adverts risk violating The Trade Descriptions Act, but they also further reduce the value of the products, the service and ourselves as health professionals when we resort to running nothing short of a ‘no frills, fill ‘n’ freeze shop’. It is my view that the BOGOF has no place in any aesthetic nurse’s injectable product portfolio.

Lies, damned lies and statistics

ISSN 2050-3717 Printed by Pensord Press Ltd, Blackwood, NP12 2YA CONSULTANT EDITOR Cheryl Barton Aesthetic Nurse and Managing Director, Aesthetika, Sheffield EDITORIAL BOARD Julie Brackenbury Aesthetic Nurse Consultant, Bristol Susie Byass Aesthetic Nurse Practitioner, Rejuvenating Solutions Ltd, Berwick Upon Tweed Annie Cartwright Advanced Aesthetic Practitioner and Director, Skin & Face Clinics Ltd, Cardiff, Wales Leslie Fletcher Aesthetic Nurse Specialist, USA. Founder of the InjectAbility Institute for Aesthetic Education Trudy Friedman Aesthetic Nurse Practitioner, Aesthetic Skin Centre Sarah Holness Clinic Director, Sarah Holness Aesthetics, Kent Yvonne Senior Advanced Aesthetic Nurse Practitioner, Independent Prescriber and mentor. Trainer and co-founder of PIAPA Nicola Webster Clinical Director and Aesthetic Nurse, Rejuven8, Doncaster Lynn Warren Clinic Director, The Retreat Beauty Clinic and Cosmedical Ltd, Leeds EDITOR: Natasha Devan natasha.devan@markallengroup.com GROUP CLASSIFIED MANAGER: Rachel McElhinney rachel.mcelhinney@markallengroup.com CIRCULATION DIRECTOR: Sally Boettcher PRODUCTION MANAGER: Jon Redmayne PUBLISHER: Anthony Kerr anthony.kerr@markallengroup.com ASSOCIATE PUBLISHER: Julie Smith COMMERCIAL MANAGER: Katie Smith katie.smith@markallengroup.com CHIEF EXECUTIVE OFFICER: Ben Allen MANAGING DIRECTOR: Jon Benson T he letter ‘D’ stands for many things in aesthetic nursing, including dermal fillers, dermatology and patients’ desire to change their facial appearance. But it’s also one of four letters in a word that is relatively unheard of in cosmetic medicine—data. Not only does nobody know the total number of aesthetic nurses practising in the UK, let alone those who are injecting outside of their NHSbased positions as staff and specialist nurses, but trying to decipher how many dermal filler injections are administered in the UK per year, and more to the point how effective the products are that are being used, is like getting blood from a wrinkle-free stone. For a profession that prides itself on achieving consistent results and wants to standardise best practice, this is simply not good enough. When Sir Bruce Keogh published his ‘Review of the Regulation of Cosmetic Interventions’ on the back of the Poly Implant Prothese (PIP) breast implant scandal, which ironically was fraught with its own data reporting issues, it stated that there is a ‘concerning lack of data’ (Department of Health (DH), 2013). Further down in the report, on ensuring an informed and empowered public, it recommended that patients ‘are helped to make informed decisions based on clear, easily accessible and unbiased information and data’ (DH, 2013). Unsurprisingly, not much has changed such the report’s publication—aesthetic practitioners not only continue to use products which haven’t been subject to extensive clinical trials or research, but some also consistently fail to report complications or adverse events that occur as a result of their use. I would tell you how many practitioners inject questionable dermal fillers and the number of complications that go unreported per year, but I can’t. That data does not exist. It appears that what is lacking in the sector is another ‘D’ word—definition. Keogh surmised that the ‘weakness of the professional regulatory oversight arises in part from the fact that cosmetic surgery is not a discrete defined specialty’ (DH, 2013). How many procedures are aesthetic nurses providing? How can patients be sure they are safe in the hands of practitioners who are qualified? How can we define education and training? Health Education England (HEE) is still at work with its expert reference group to try and tackle the structure of education and training in non-surgical cosmetic interventions, to ensure all aesthetic practitioners are ‘appropriately qualified’ to administer injectables, as well as perform key procedures such as chemical peels, mesotherapy and laser skin rejuvenation, which is covered in this issue on pages 424–9. But even a DH-backed health authority is further changing the parameters of who can do what, clearly stating that it will introduce ‘a flexible education and training framework which addresses the training requirements for all practitioners’ (HEE, 2014), whether they are registered health professionals or non-regulated beauticians. It all comes back to the old adage that ‘if you want something done, do it yourself’. Nobody knows better than you what treatments aesthetic nurses carry out, what products they use and what complications present. By making it your mission to record information about your patients and your practice, you can help to bring medical aesthetics out of the danger zone, and into the data zone.

Signing off for 2014

ISSN 2047-9867 Printed by Pensord Press Ltd, Blackwood, NP12 2YA The paper used within this publication has been sourced from Chain-of-Custody certified manufacturers, operating within international environmental standards, to ensure sustainable sourcing of the raw materials, sustainable production and to minimise our carbon footprint. UK PERSONAL SUBSCRIPTION RATES (PRINT) Annual subscription (6 issues) Quarterly Direct Debit £12 Annual Direct Debit £46 Annual Credit Card £48 2yr Annual Credit Card £82 3yr Annual Credit Card £115

Better together? Lessons from the Scottish vote

© MA Healthcare Ltd, 2014. All rights reserved. No part of Journal of Health Visiting may be reproduced, stored in a retrieval system, or transmitted in any form or by any means electronic, mechanical, photocopying, recording, or otherwise without prior written permission of the Publishing Director. ISSN 2050-8719 Printed by Pensord Press Ltd, Blackwood, NP12 2YA Cover photo: iSTOCKPHOTO/DieterMeyrl MA Healthcare Ltd is part of the Mark Allen Group

Pain in the Prairies

The Purchase Linda Spalding Sandstone Press Ltd, 2013 PB, 368pp, £8.99, 978-1908737519 PG Wodehouse this ain’t! With undeniable literary skill, Spalding has exhumed her dead ancestors and presents a fictionalised misery memoir to beat them all. This is a story of unremitting trouble, toil, and travail played out against the backdrop of the bleak Virginia frontier of 18th century America. The bleakness of the landscape and the harsh choices it imposes are an appropriate backdrop to a novel essentially about circumstances, choices, and consequences. Daniel Dickinson, the novel’s central character, is an abolitionist and widowed father forced by circumstance to take a young orphan girl as his wife to look …

Reviews

Reviews

Book review: Niklas Norén, Christina Samuelsson, and Charlotta Plejert (Eds.), Aided communication in everyday interaction

A review of Aided Communication in Everyday Interaction, published by J & R Press Ltd and edited by Niklas Noren, Christina Samuelsson and Charlotta Plejert.

How images may or may not represent flowers: picture–object correspondence in bumblebees (Bombus impatiens)?

Studies of bee cognition frequently use two-dimensional stimuli referred to as floral patterns, and yet how bees perceive pictorial representations is not known. An investigation of bumblebee (Bombus impatiens) picture-object correspondence was undertaken according to the theory of Fagot et al. (Picture perception in animals. Psychology Press Ltd, East Sussex, pp 295-320, 2000) that pictures and objects may be confused, perceived as independent or equivalent. In three experiments, bumblebees were given discrimination training and unrewarded testing in a radial maze. In the first experiment, preferences between artificial flowers and photographs of those flowers revealed a significant learned preference for the stimulus rewarded during training: no confusion following training. In the second experiment, bees did transfer learning from artificial flowers to photographs: some commonality between an object and photograph was perceived. In the third experiment, bees spontaneously generalized a learned preference for one artificial flower to its silhouette, but only for one of two flowers used in training. No generalization was obtained to drawn images. Some transfer between image and object is exhibited, likely by low-level feature matching, but transfer is poor with degraded images, cautioning against extrapolation of picture-based responding to natural correspondents. Despite evidence that bees exhibit some transfer while retaining discrimination, it is likely that the observed response is due to generalization more akin to confusion than true equivalence. Furthermore, although 2D patterning cues (line, edge and shade) provide discriminable cues for bees between 2D stimuli, it is not here supported that such features are perceived as equivalent to the intended floral structures.

An interpretive phenomenological study: podolinguistics, sportsmen and masculinity

This empirical piece of 2013 Doctoral research, considers the role of podolinguistics and its relationship to masculinity and sport. Podolinguistics or podopsychosomatics a term originally introduced by Rossi (1977) is said to be the language of feet and shoes. Taking this concept a step further, podolinguistics is reading the transmitted signifiers that are understood through wearing different types of footwear, in this instance. In this body of work, the author forms a podolinguistic theoretical relationship to men in sporting environments, with a particular focus on reading into the signifiers of masculinity, utilising an Interpretive Phenomenology and a Masculinity Theory approach. Ethical approval was gained form the University of East London. Eight sportsmen (four heterosexual and four homosexual) were recruited into the study, from a range of different sporting disciplines. Each participant took part in a one-hour semi-structured interview, where insights into masculinity and sport were explored. The structure of these interviews took into account the life histories of the participant. The interviews were transcribed for analysis. An Interpretive Phenomenological Approach (Smith, Flowers and Larkin, 2009) was utilised to analyse the data, appreciating the phenomenological, the hermeneutic and idiographic qualities of the interview transcripts, resulting in the development of themes. The results indicated a complex relationship of understanding footwear and podolinguistics in the sporting setting. This relationship includes the realisation of three categories of footwear in sport that shape masculine bonds between men. These categories include, sporting-footwear, social-sporting-footwear and general footwear. Developing this categorisation further, it became apparent that colour of sporting-footwear and social-sporting footwear, was the most fundamental/influential feature in shaping/understanding masculinity through a podolinguistic signifying relationship. Finally, the results also indicated that the foot and shoe was not the only feature to be included in the definition of podolinguistics. This empirical piece of research complemented Rossi’s (1977) definition, by adding the role of ‘walking’ to the 1977 understanding of podolinguistics. It was found that the role of walking, and modelling a heterosexual stance of walking, was interpreted as masculine/heterosexual. This piece of research puts the previously ignored concept of podolinguistics back into the academic frame. In this example, by focussing on masculinity and podolinguistics in sport, we are able to see how a new awareness of this relationship, shapes men’s understandings of their lives and masculinity though footwear. It gives us the foundation in podiatry, to step back and reconsider the psychosocial role of footwear, feet and walking in shaping podolinguistics, as a new academic discipline for debate. Smith, J.A., Flowers, P. and Larkin, M. (2009) Interpretive Phenomenological Analysis: Theory, Method and Research. London: Sage Rossi, W.A. (1977)The Sex Life of the Foot and Shoe. London: The Camelot Press Ltd.

Mightier than the sword…

© MA Healthcare Ltd, 2013. All rights reserved. No part of the Journal of Wound Care may be reproduced, stored in a retrieval system, or transmitted in any form or by any means electronic, mechanical, photocopying, recording, or otherwise without prior written permission of the Publishing Director. ISSN 0969-0700 Printed by Pensord Press Ltd, Blackwood, NP12 2YA www.markallengroup.com Subscription enquiries: Sally Boettcher, MA Healthcare Ltd, Jesses Farm, Snow Hill, Dinton, Salisbury SP3 5HN. Tel: 080

Thoracic solitary pedunculated osteochondroma in a child: a case report

© 2013 Wali and Khoshhal. This work is published by Dove Medical Press Ltd, and licensed under Creative Commons Attribution – Non Commercial (unported, v3.0) License. The full terms of the License are available at http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/. Non-commercial uses of the work are permitted without any further permission from Dove Medical Press Ltd, provided the work is properly attributed. Permissions beyond the scope of the License are administered by Dove Medical Press Ltd. Information on how to request permission may be found at: http://www.dovepress.com/permissions.php

Feeding guild composition of shelf macrobenthic polychaetes of southeast coast of India

This study compares the feeding guild composition of macrobenthic (infaunal) polychaetes from two different transects (Cheyyur and Singarayakonda) situated in the continental shelf region of southeast coast of India. The polychaetes collected from these transects were identified using standard manuals [Fauvel P. 1953. The fauna of India including Pakistan, Ceylon, Burma and Malaya: Annelida, Polychaeta. Allahabad: The Indian Press Ltd; 507 p.; Day JH. 1967. A monograph of the polychaeta of southern Africa. London: British Museum (Natural History Museum) Publication; 878 p.]. The total number of species recorded from the study area was 75 belonging to 54 genera and 29 families. These species were categorized into various feeding types following Fauchald and Jumars [Fauchald K, Jumars PA. 1979. The diet of worms: a study of polychaete feeding guilds. Oceanography and Marine Biology: Annual Review 17: 193–284] and confirmed after examination of mouthparts. Among these, 34 species (45.3%) were found to be sur...