Press In England Research Articles

A Readable Earlier Renaissance: Small Adjustments, Large Changes

Abstract“Readability” of several kinds is a problem in Renaissance or early modern literature. One way to enhance the readability of early modern texts is to adjust the (admittedly artificial) period boundary that begins the traditional “Renaissance.” Unlike the historically‐based boundaries of regnal years (1485, 1509), a slightly earlier date, 1476, implies a conception of “Renaissance” that takes as its pivotal starting point the establishment of the printing press in England. The earlier date thus refocuses our analysis of the period to systems of production, distribution, and reception that directly create and shape Renaissance literature. Such an adjustment also accomplishes a wider category challenge, since the literature of the early print period is qualitatively different from the more familiar literature of the Elizabethan and Jacobean periods. This essay explains that to shift the starting point of inquiry about “Renaissance” is to challenge the whole period concept and to invite new critical narratives about the period that will make it more “readable” in several senses (legible, historically comprehensible, lisible, literally accessible, etc.). The essay also reviews similar, recent, challenges to other critical concepts in early modern studies: to authorship, genre, theme, canon, method. Such challenges have been generative of greater “readability” and growth in the field.

Nation Speaking Unto Nation? Newspapers and National Identity in the Devolved UK

There are two problems with the existing account of the relationship between newspapers and national identity in the UK. The first is that although it is widely assumed that the mass media are central to the reproduction and evolution of national identity this has never been empirically demonstrated. The second is that exactly what comprises the relevant ‘national’ context in the UK is unclear. Content analysis of 2,500 sampled articles, together with qualitative comparison of different editions of the same newspaper titles and interviews with editors and journalists are used to show the extent and nature of ‘national’ frames of reference in newspapers in England and Scotland. Paradoxically, devolution may have reduced the spatial diversity of news stories in the press in England and Scotland.

Sex and relationship education and the media: an analysis of national and regional newspaper coverage in England

Newspapers are recognised as a major source of factual information. The media representation of issues related to teenage pregnancy is important to policy makers and those delivering related interventions. This is particularly so in relation to issues which may be seen as sensitive by the public, such as sex and relationship education (SRE). Despite general recognition of the importance of the media in communicating to the public, there is an absence of satisfactory tools with which to evaluate newspaper reports, particularly so in the field of SRE. In this paper we present a systematic examination of newspaper articles related to SRE from September 2000 to September 2002, in the national and regional press in England. Our analysis has highlighted some important distinctions between newspaper type, spokesperson and region. This paper concludes that a pro‐active strategy of directly contacting high circulation newspapers with a view to positively influencing the tone of relevant articles and reports would be of considerable benefit to those involved in SRE, teenage pregnancy and related interventions.

Publishing School Examination Results in England: Incentives and consequences

Since 1992, the quality daily national press in England has published the examination results of secondary schools. In this paper, we discuss the policy context, the results that are published, how they are used by parents making preferences for secondary schools and the consequences of their publication. Overall, the publication of examination results has created a range of incentives for those in the education market place. These incentives serve to strengthen the position of certain categories of pupils on the one hand and certain types of schools on the other. The findings are discussed in the context of the Labour Government's focus on those at risk of social exclusion. Modified and additional indicators are proposed to mitigate the effects of the newly created quasi-market in education. 'League tables' are here to stay, for once information is in the public domain it cannot easily be suppressed.

A Treasure House in Farmington: The Lewis Walpole Library (review)

Reviewed by: A Treasure House in Farmington: The Lewis Walpole Library Peter Sabor A Treasure House in Farmington: The Lewis Walpole Library, Yale Center for British Art (15 October 1999—9 January 2000). In 1747, Horace Walpole rented Strawberry Hill, a former coachman’s cottage overlooking the Thames, near the fashionable village of Twickenham. He bought the house two years later, at the age of thirty-one, and began transforming it into an astonishing neo-Gothic miniature castle. In March 1754, he showed the house to his friend George Montagu, who “was in raptures, and screamed, and whooped, and hollaed, and danced, and crossed himself a thousand times over.” Montagu’s raptures were a suitably dramatic response to the spectacular effects that Walpole had created. Strawberry Hill was in a constant state of expansion: Walpole, together with his “Committee of taste,” John Chute and Richard Bentley, was steadily designing, remodelling, building, and filling interior spaces until they threatened to overflow. Later in 1754, Walpole dwelled with satisfaction on the progress made since his aunt, Lady Townshend, first saw the cottage in its original state and “cried out ‘Lord God! Jesus! what a house! It is just such a house as a parson’s, where the children lie at the feet of the bed.’” The building and collecting at Strawberry Hill continued for most of Walpole’s life: he installed a printing press, the first private press in England, extended the grounds from five to forty-six acres, and enlarged the house itself with numerous additional rooms, staircases, and towers, until it was triple its original size. Wilmarth Sheldon Lewis was also aged thirty-one when he bought his eighteenth-century house in Farmington, Connecticut, in 1926. Like Walpole he enlarged his home substantially. He did not turn it into a Gothic castle, but for over fifty years he filled it with every piece of Walpoliana he could acquire: the books that Walpole wrote, printed, and owned; his papers, including his vast correspondence and the manuscripts of his unpublished writings; the contents of Strawberry Hill, including paintings, furnishings, and parts of Walpole’s numerous collections; writings by those associated with Walpole, such as Gray, Mason, Chatterton (who does not feature in the present exhibition), and Mme du Deffand; and a rich body of literature and art from what Lewis thought of as the Age of Horace Walpole. He also produced editions of Walpole’s complete correspondence in 48 fully annotated volumes, wrote books on Walpole and on his library, and described his own life’s work as a Walpole collector and scholar in Collector’s Progress (1951) and One Man’s Education (1967). On his death in 1979, he bequeathed his house and collection, as the somewhat confusingly named Lewis Walpole Library, to Yale University. Its resources include a superbly organized Print Room, containing some 37,000 prints, established by Lewis’s wife Annie Burr Auchinloss, who served as its curator until her death in 1959. A Treasure House in Farmington, curated by Joan Sussler and Anna Malicka, both librarians at the Lewis Walpole Library, commemorated the twentieth anniversary of Lewis’s bequest to Yale, featuring some 150 items from his collection in the light and airy surroundings of the Yale Center for British Art. At Farmington, these treasures are scattered among many different rooms, and not all are readily accessible. This ingenious exhibition displayed them to optimum effect: even frequent visitors to the Lewis Walpole Library would have been astonished to see some of its finest holdings so effectively defamiliarized. In arranging the display, Sussler and Malicka created a series of bold juxtapositions, a technique especially appropriate for Horace Walpole, who himself made a baronial castle out of a coachman’s cottage and mingled objets d’art from assorted countries and historical periods without regard for traditional lines of demarcation. [End Page 454] At the threshold of the exhibition, Allan Ramsay’s fine portrait of Walpole was hung so that the subject’s sideways glance fell upon the Gothic lantern that Bentley designed for the entrance hall at Strawberry Hill, that Walpole filled with fifteenth-century painted glass to cast appropriate gloom on his staircase, and that Lewis rescued from...

Vittorino da Feltre and Other Humanist Educators (review)

Reviews 337 briefly); the Slavs; and the Avars. There is a brief re-visiting of the Pirenne thesis and a conclusion that the Germanic peoples 'made a home for themselves' within the R o m a n Empire, 'just as the Spaniards, Gauls, and Illyrians had done before them' (p. 313), hence the title The Roman Empire and its Germanic Peoples. This rather unromantic conclusion seems to be Wolfram's w a y of defusing the potentially explosive aspects of the past, with which he is clearly preoccupied: the book concludes with a meditation on the 'dream of the Reich' and the need for contemporary Europe to 'accept the European continuity in its totality, preserving what is good about it' while simultaneously protecting ourselves against becoming victims of its terrible dreams, false beliefs, and horrible deeds' (p. 314). This study is a valuable addition to the body of works on the Late Antique Germans. It is not a general introduction, being skewed in particular directions, but is attractively structured and very accessible. Thomas Dunlap's translation is very readable, the notes and bibliography are good, and the contemporary historiographical concerns decidedly intriguing. Carole M. Cusack School of Studies in Religion University of Sydney Woodward, W. H. Vittorino da Feltre and Other Humanist Educators (Renaissance Society of America Reprint Texts 5), Toronto/ Buffalo/London, University of Toronto Press in association with the Renaissance Society of America, 1996; paper; pp. xix, 261; R.R.P. US$17.95, £13.00. W. H. Woodward's Vittorino da Feltre and Other Humanist Educators, first published by Cambridge University Press in England in 1897, 338 Reviews was reprinted in 1963 by the Teachers College Press of Columbia University. This third reprint by the University of Toronto Press is evidence enough of its status as a classic text on Italian humanist education and educators from 1400-1460. It has been, and remains, an invaluable text for English-speaking students of the Italian Renaissance and humanist education. The decision to include i t in the Renaissance Society of America Reprint Text series should be lauded. The text is reprinted as it w a s originally with the introduction and essay by Woodward on the famous Vittorino da Feltre and his humanist school at Mantua followed by his English edition of three key humanist texts on education—Leornardo Bruni De Studiis et Literis, Aeneas Sylvius Piccolomini (Pope Pius II) D Liberorum Educatione and Battista Guarino De Ordine Docendi et Studendi followed by Woodward's essay on the aims and methods of a humanist education between 1400 and 1460. This reprint has a foreword by Eugene F. Rice Jr. It is a clearly written scholarly, but accessible, introduction to Woodward's text (with the important reminder in the bibliographical note on p. xvii that many of Woodward's translations of passages are paraphrases of texts rather than direct translations). In his preface, Rice provides an account of what a humanist education consisted of during the first half of the fifteenth century, contrasting its secular aims and methods with that of the scholastic theological schools which were overwhelmingly clerical compared to the lay students of the humanists. Rice, however, points out that the humanists were not anti-religious, but preferred to use the Patristic Fathers w h o were part of Christian antiquity rather than the scholastic theologians of the middle ages. Sadly, as Rice notes on p. xvi, w e no longer view the humanist educational program as Woodward did in the 1890s, as being 'modern'. The values of our 'modern' education system are Reviews 339 strikingly different from those of the first half of the fifteenth century or even the late nineteenth century. But perhaps this is why, as Rice argues, this reprint of Woodward's classic text is so important: it enables us to evaluate 'whether it [Renaissance humanism] has become a historical curiosity or whether, and to what extent, its traditional principles and ambitions can be given new meanings appropriate to our o w n society' (p. xvii). Natalie Tomas Department ofHistory Monash University Wright, Roger, ed., Latin and the Romance Languages in the Early Middle Ages, Pennsylvania State University Press, 1996; paper; pp. ix, 262...

Prolegomena to any future study in economics and finance as a science

The economic science is again in a crisis and a new solution prolegomena to any future study in economics, finance and other social sciences has just been published by the International Institute of Social Economics in care of the MCB University Press in England. The roots of the major financial and economic problems of our time lie in an open conflict between theory and practice. In the 1930s and before the conflict was between classical theory and given realities. In the 1990s the conflict appears between the now prevailing modern, Keynesian theory and the actual realities. In addition during the twentieth century a great argument developed between the two schools of thought, argument which is not yet settled. In one sentence, the prolegomena tried and was successful to solve the conflict between theory and practice and the big doctrinal dispute of the twentieth century. It was a struggle of research and observation over half a century between 1947 and 1997.

Prolegomena to any future study of a great free, just and stable economy and society

The economic science is again in a crisis and a new solution prolegomena to any future study in economics, finance and other social sciences has just been published by the International Institute of Social Economics in care of the MCB University Press in England. The roots of the major financial and economic problems of our time lie in an open conflict between theory and practice. In the 1930s and before the conflict was between classical theory and given realities. In the 1990s the conflict appears between the now prevailing modern, Keynesian theory and the actual realities. In addition during the twentieth century a great argument developed between the two schools of thought, argument which is not yet settled. In one sentence, the prolegomena tried and was successful to solve the conflict between theory and practice and the big doctrinal dispute of the twentieth century. It was a struggle of research and observation over half a century between 1947 and 1997.

The quest for independence of principia logica

The economic science is again in a crisis and a new solution prolegomena to any future study in economics, finance and other social sciences has just been published by the International Institute of Social Economics in care of the MCB University Press in England. The roots of the major financial and economic problems of our time lie in an open conflict between theory and practice. In the 1930s and before the conflict was between classical theory and given realities. In the 1990s the conflict appears between the now prevailing modern, Keynesian theory and the actual realities. In addition during the twentieth century a great argument developed between the two schools of thought, argument which is not yet settled. In one sentence, the prolegomena tried and was successful to solve the conflict between theory and practice and the big doctrinal dispute of the twentieth century. It was a struggle of research and observation over half a century between 1947 and 1997.

The problem of values and value‐judgments in science and a positive solution

The economic science is again in a crisis and a new solution prolegomena to any future study in economics, finance and other social sciences has just been published by the International Institute of Social Economics in care of the MCB University Press in England. The roots of the major financial and economic problems of our time lie in an open conflict between theory and practice. In the 1930s and before the conflict was between classical theory and given realities. In the 1990s the conflict appears between the now prevailing modern, Keynesian theory and the actual realities. In addition during the twentieth century a great argument developed between the two schools of thought, argument which is not yet settled. In one sentence, the prolegomena tried and was successful to solve the conflict between theory and practice and the big doctrinal dispute of the twentieth century. It was a struggle of research and observation over half a century between 1947 and 1997.

Toward a new principia politica: the third revolution in political science

The economic science is again in a crisis and a new solution prolegomena to any future study in economics, finance and other social sciences has just been published by the International Institute of Social Economics in care of the MCB University Press in England. The roots of the major financial and economic problems of our time lie in an open conflict between theory and practice. In the 1930s and before the conflict was between classical theory and given realities. In the 1990s the conflict appears between the now prevailing modern, Keynesian theory and the actual realities. In addition during the twentieth century a great argument developed between the two schools of thought, argument which is not yet settled. In one sentence, the prolegomena tried and was successful to solve the conflict between theory and practice and the big doctrinal dispute of the twentieth century. It was a struggle of research and observation over half a century between 1947 and 1997.

Toward a new principia ethica: the third revolution in ethics

The economic science is again in a crisis and a new solution prolegomena to any future study in economics, finance and other social sciences has just been published by the International Institute of Social Economics in care of the MCB University Press in England. The roots of the major financial and economic problems of our time lie in an open conflict between theory and practice. In the 1930s and before the conflict was between classical theory and given realities. In the 1990s the conflict appears between the now prevailing modern, Keynesian theory and the actual realities. In addition during the twentieth century a great argument developed between the two schools of thought, argument which is not yet settled. In one sentence, the prolegomena tried and was successful to solve the conflict between theory and practice and the big doctrinal dispute of the twentieth century. It was a struggle of research and observation over half a century between 1947 and 1997.

Two concepts of equilibrium, the equation of unified knowledge and two concepts of stability

The economic science is again in a crisis and a new solution prolegomena to any future study in economics, finance and other social sciences has just been published by the International Institute of Social Economics in care of the MCB University Press in England. The roots of the major financial and economic problems of our time lie in an open conflict between theory and practice. In the 1930s and before the conflict was between classical theory and given realities. In the 1990s the conflict appears between the now prevailing modern, Keynesian theory and the actual realities. In addition during the twentieth century a great argument developed between the two schools of thought, argument which is not yet settled. In one sentence, the prolegomena tried and was successful to solve the conflict between theory and practice and the big doctrinal dispute of the twentieth century. It was a struggle of research and observation over half a century between 1947 and 1997.

Dehumanization of modern civilization and a new, Schumpeterian explanation of poverty

The economic science is again in a crisis and a new solution prolegomena to any future study in economics, finance and other social sciences has just been published by the International Institute of Social Economics in care of the MCB University Press in England. The roots of the major financial and economic problems of our time lie in an open conflict between theory and practice. In the 1930s and before the conflict was between classical theory and given realities. In the 1990s the conflict appears between the now prevailing modern, Keynesian theory and the actual realities. In addition during the twentieth century a great argument developed between the two schools of thought, argument which is not yet settled. In one sentence, the prolegomena tried and was successful to solve the conflict between theory and practice and the big doctrinal dispute of the twentieth century. It was a struggle of research and observation over half a century between 1947 and 1997.

Insiders, Outsiders, and the Question of Authenticity: Who Shall Write for African American Children?

Let Portmans go to Ireland, but as you know nothing of Manners there, you had better not go with them. You will be in danger of giving false impressions. Stick to Bath & Foresters. There you will be quite at home. (Jane Austen [from a letter to Austen's niece, who had sent her manuscript of a novel], qtd. in Mercer 307) This romance was sketched out during a residence of considerable length in Italy, and has been rewritten and prepared for press in England. The author proposed to himself merely to write a fanciful story, evolving a thoughtful moral, and did not purpose attempting a portraiture of Italian manners and character. He has lived too long abroad not to be aware that a foreigner seldom acquires that knowledge of a country, at once flexible and profound, which may justify him in endeavoring to idealize its traits. Italy, as site of his romance, was chiefly valuable to him as affording a sort of poetic or fairy precinct.... (Nathaniel Hawthorne, Preface to The Marble Faun vi) My themes are universal. And because black people are people I know, and part of group that I am, that is my center, so to speak, so my characters are black. Most of time.... But it's very difficult when you're a black writer to write outside of black experience. People don't allow it; critics won't allow it. If I would do a book that didn't have blacks, people would say, Oh, what is Virginia Hamilton doing? Yet a white writer can write about anything. (Virginia Hamilton, qtd. in Rochman 1021) This is a popular Japanese folktale and tells story of a devoted pair of wild ducks. The illustrations in this beautiful book are subtle and suggestive but also an education in dress, hairstyles, hierarchical levels of society, homes, customs and, not least, in eighteenth-century Japanese art. (I have been told that there are inaccuracies in representations; cummerbunds of ladies are wrong width and upper-class ladies sport hair styles of courtesans. And Japanese never wear shoes in house. This doesn't lessen my bonding with this book and, indeed, makes me want to find out more.) (Judith Graham [commenting on The Tale of Mandarin Ducks, retold by Katherine Paterson and illustrated by Leo and Diane Dillon] 24) One central concern of scholars, literary historians, and critics these days is matter of authenticity, especially authenticity of cross-cultural and multicultural stories, and ensuing conflict or question, Who will produce literature of parallel cultures? An author of character's own particular culture - or anyone? And for those who feel it doesn't matter (that anyone who can tell a good story should do so), we must ask, What makes a story good? Replicating reality to fullest? Getting facts and feelings right? Suppressing or distorting reality to make us think and feel differently? (Giving us new images to think with - and about?) But good for whom? Writers who want or need freedom of expression? Publishers who want story to sell? Readers who want to find themselves in a book? Readers who want to find others in a book? And which readers? Those closest to author's own reality? Or those with different background experiences? Can a really story be good if it does not derive its material from traditions (the memories, beliefs, preoccupations, and concerns) of an author whose cultural origins are shared by those of story's characters? Jane Austen, with her concern for social realism, did not think so. And remark she made about the little bit (two inches wide) of ivory on which I work with so fine a brush (qtd. in Tanner 1) has now become legendary. Nathaniel Hawthorne agreed in principle, and that is why he decided to make his story The Marble Faun, set in Italy, a fantasy and why he took great pains to sidestep a realistic portrait of his Italian characters. Virginia Hamilton protests fact that she does not have liberty of white authors, who either ignore Austen's advice or follow Hawthorne's example. …

Dynamics of the British Tabloid Press

This article examines the decline of the tabloid press in England. It is a case study of competition between the Daily Mirror and Sun in the period 1968–1992 and the impact this had on the decline in reporting matters of the public sphere in favour of publishing material encouraging acts of consumption. It demonstrates that as consumption among the working-class grew over the period, editorial content moved away from matters of the public sphere in favour of material which encouraged acts of consumption. Further, it demonstrates that the advertising content of the two newspapers reflected consumption pattern changes in the economy as a whole during that period. Quantitative and qualitative content analysis also demonstrates that the increase in competition between the two newspapers for advertising revenue increased both titles’ reliance on consumption editorial as a means of attracting new audiences. It was doing this at a historically-specific period in which consumption of mass-produced goods and services in the UK economy as a whole was increasing at its fastest-ever rate. The consequences of these changes were that tabloid newspapers in England were no longer able to be considered “newspapers” in the classic sense.

Politics Où sont les ideés ďantan?

Critical QuarterlyVolume 38, Issue 3 p. 66-70 Politics Où sont les ideés ďantan? DENIS MacSHANE, DENIS MacSHANE Several books on international left-wing politics, including a biography of Franqois Mitterrand. His latest book, International Labour and the Origins of the Cold War, is published by OUP. He writes on European politics for the national press in England and Switzerland. A former BBC reporter and president of the National Union of Journalists, MacShane is Associate Director of the European Policy Institute. He has been the Labour MP for Rotherham since 1994.Search for more papers by this author DENIS MacSHANE, DENIS MacSHANE Several books on international left-wing politics, including a biography of Franqois Mitterrand. His latest book, International Labour and the Origins of the Cold War, is published by OUP. He writes on European politics for the national press in England and Switzerland. A former BBC reporter and president of the National Union of Journalists, MacShane is Associate Director of the European Policy Institute. He has been the Labour MP for Rotherham since 1994.Search for more papers by this author First published: September 1996 https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1467-8705.1996.tb02251.xAboutPDF ToolsRequest permissionExport citationAdd to favoritesTrack citation ShareShare Give accessShare full text accessShare full-text accessPlease review our Terms and Conditions of Use and check box below to share full-text version of article.I have read and accept the Wiley Online Library Terms and Conditions of UseShareable LinkUse the link below to share a full-text version of this article with your friends and colleagues. Learn more.Copy URL Share a linkShare onFacebookTwitterLinked InRedditWechat Volume38, Issue3September 1996Pages 66-70 RelatedInformation

Vichy France and the Catholic Press in England. Contrasting Attitudes to a Moral Problem

Luigi Sturzo, the exiled founder of the suppressed Italian Christian Democrats, wrote in May 1942 that American Catholic papers prior to the American entry into the war had been sympathetic to Franco and even Mussolini as well as to Vichy France. After Pearl Harbor, these papers retained their sympathy for Vichy France.

Towards a New Principia Politica: The Third Revolution in Political Science

The economic science is again in a crisis and a new solution prolegomena to any future study in economics, finance and other social sciences has just been published by the International Institute of Social Economics in care of the MCB University Press in England. The roots of the major financial and economic problems of our time lie in an open conflict between theory and practice. In the 1930s and before the conflict was between classical theory and given realities. In the 1990s the conflict appears between the now prevailing modern, Keynesian theory and the actual realities. In addition during the twentieth century a great argument developed between the two schools of thought, argument which is not yet settled. In one sentence, the prolegomena tried and was successful to solve the conflict between theory and practice and the big doctrinal dispute of the twentieth century. It was a struggle of research and observation over half a century between 1947 and 1997.

Suicide and the Rise of the Popular Press in England

Suicide and the Rise of the Popular Press in England